地震动分段输入的等效线性化方法

在一维土层地震反应等效线性化分析中发现,在强地震动输入下,等效线性化方法计算结果低估了地表峰值加速度水平,实际竖向台阵的观测记录与计算结果的比较证实了这一现象.其原因在于等效线性化方法在每次迭代中等效剪应变取为一常数,即最大剪应变水平的0.65倍,其整体提高了土体的地震动剪应变水平,导致计算分析中土体动剪切刚度比的降低和动阻尼比的增加,人为使得土体过分软化,造成地震动输入中高频成分过度滤波,加速度峰值偏低.为了使等效剪应变水平接近实际剪应变,在一维土层地震反应等效线性化分析中,本文提出了地震动分段输入的分析方法,即:设定某一阈值,在地震动时程第一次和最后一次超过该阈值的两个时间点处,将其分为3段,分别输入计算,并由分段计算结果叠加得到总的地震反应.阈值的选取与场地类型有关,不同的场地类型产生非线性效应的地震动阈值不同.计算结果表明,该方法比加速度时程一次性整体输入更趋合理.     

不同厚度砂卵石土场地地震反应特征研究

为了研究土层厚度对砂卵石土场地地震反应的影响,结合振动台模型试验与一维等效线性化分析方法,对砂卵石土场地地震反应特征进行了研究,分析了不同土层厚度砂卵石土场地在不同地震激励下的地震反应规律.结果表明:随土层厚度的增大,砂卵石土场地地表加速度峰值放大系数呈现出先增大后减小再增大,最后趋于稳定的规律.地表水平位移峰值随土层厚度的增大不断增大.随土层厚度的增大,加速度反应谱上升段和平台段存在减震现象,平台段后半段、下降段幅值明显增大,直线段幅值在土层厚度增量较大时明显增大.研究成果可为砂卵石土场地地震安全性评价工作及相关工程抗震设计提供参考.     

基于等效线性化的二维地震反应分析研究

工程场地地震反应分析是工程场地地震安全性评价的核心工作,也是抗震设计和震害估计的重要内容。文中在综合分析场地地震反应分析研究现状及成果的基础上,从工程应用实际出发,采用频域分析方法、等效线性化的土体模型和粘性传递边界条件,运用有限元方法对一工程场地进行二维地震反应分析,并将分析结果和一维等效线性化分析结果进行对比。研究结果表明,从反应谱形状和峰值加速度来看,采用二维等效线性化的频域分析方法可以较好地用于分析横向不均匀场地。     

场地类别对地铁地下车站结构地震反应的影响规律

以南京地铁建设为工程背景,根据《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB 50011-2010)中场地类别的分类方法,保持场地覆盖层厚度不变,通过改变场地等效剪切波速,设计出典型的Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类工程场地类别.采用大型有限元分析软件ABAQUS,考虑土体与混凝土的非线性以及土与结构接触非线性,研究地铁车站在规范规定的不同场地类别条件下地下结构的层间位移和位移角反应特征以及结构关键部位的应力反应特征.结果表明:不同场地类别对地铁地下车站结构地震反应的影响规律和影响程度有所不同.总体来看,在较差场地类别条件下,基岩输入峰值加速度峰值对层间位移角幅值的影响程度较大,且对车站结构下层层间位移角幅值的影响更大.在本文所有的输入地震动强度条件下,Ⅱ类场地下地铁车站结构基本处于弹性工作状态,而Ⅳ类场地下地铁车站结构在中小地震发生时层间位移角很容易进入整体弹塑性工作状态.同时,场地类别越差,车站结构整体残余变形越容易发生,造成结构的残动内力也迅速增加.     

基于半无限单元的改进剪切质点系法及其应用

基于水平层状场地自振频率的一致质量剪切质点系法基本原理,考虑传统剪切质点系法刚性半空间假设对计算结果的影响.引入半无限单元,发展和建立可考虑半空间弹性的改进剪切质点系法.以改进剪切质点系法分析传统半空间刚性假设对场地自振频率计算结果的影响.分析表明,半空间刚性假设引起的计算误差随着剪模比、覆盖层厚度及半无限单元衰减系数的增大而减小.对于一般实际场地,在剪模比和覆盖层厚度不是很小的情况下,采用传统刚性假设剪切质点系法计算场地自振频率亦可获得比较满意的精度.     

不同类型地震波作用下一体化车站结构地震响应分析

为了研究不同类型地震波作用下一体化地铁车站结构地震响应特性,基于ABAQUS软件建立地铁地下车站-土-地上建筑一体化结构大型三维有限元数值模型,利用典型的近、远场地震动记录,计算分析城市轨道交通枢纽一体化结构在不同地震动类型作用下的地震响应规律.结果表明:土-一体化结构体系与自由场地各阶自振频率较为接近,一体化结构的存在对场地土动力特性的影响较小,从工程的角度看可忽略不计;在土-一体化结构体系基频附近能量分布相对集中的地震波能够对一体化地铁车站结构的地震响应产生显著的影响;一体化地铁车站结构具有明显的空间效应,不同区域之间的地震反应差异明显,应该按照空间问题进行一体化地铁车站结构的抗震计算.研究成果对该类结构的抗震设计与分析具有一定的参考意义.     

地表硬盖层厚度对场地地震反应的影响分析

基于某核电站场地工程地质资料,构建了5个硬盖层厚度不同的工程地质剖面,并结合分层岩土体的动静力参数值建立了5个一维分析模型,应用一维土层地震反应等效线性化方法分析了硬盖层厚度对场地地表峰值加速度与反应谱的影响,分析结果表明:硬盖层导致场地地表峰值加速度小于地震动输入峰值加速度,具有显著的隔震效应;不同硬盖层厚度对地表峰值加速度及其与输入峰值加速度比具有显著影响,总体呈现随硬盖层厚度增加而减小的趋势;对于一定的硬盖层厚度,随输入峰值加速度增加峰值比变化不大,说明输入峰值加速度增加未引起各分析模型的非线性效应显著差异;对于同一输入峰值加速度水平下,硬盖层厚度越大,对地表加速度反应谱的影响频带越宽,6. 0s以上周期的各模型加速度反应谱差异不明显,且随周期逐渐变长,反应谱基本接近,而6. 0s以下周期范围内的反应谱值差异较明显.     

地震诱发工程岩体结构面滑移概率分析

基于非平稳随机地震动模型,编制快速合成人工地震动的程序以实现对工程地震动的随机抽样。对工程岩体地震响应进行等效线性数值计算时,定义结构面的水平等效加速度(时程),将结构面水平等效加速度(时程)的最大值超过其屈服加速度(滑移阈值)作为岩体失稳的极限条件;基于地震动随机抽样和等效线性化时程计算,提出一种随机地震动作用下工程岩体沿结构面的滑移概率和稳定可靠度的计算方法。考察某工程岩体在附近3个潜在震源影响下的结构面的滑移概率和稳定可靠性。结果表明,震级相差不大时,远场地震诱发该工程岩体的失效概率小于0.01%;近场地震作用下,工程岩体的失效概率为26.1%。     

Ⅱ类场地土和结构相互作用地震反应分析

为了研究考虑土和结构相互作用对Ⅱ类场地上的结构地震反应的影响,建立了三个不同输入形式的结构地震反应分析模型。通过三条地震波激励下,计算不同输入形式下结构的位移和内力反应峰值的变化,说明了不同土层特性对结构地震反应的影响。结果表明:Ⅱ类场地土土层中的结构抗震计算也应该考虑土和结构相互作用;土层剪切波速对结构响应的影响并无一致变化规律;覆盖层厚度越大,结构顶点位移和基底剪力随之增大;相同周期的土层上的结构响应并不一致。     

基于村镇地震环境相关的区域地震动场模型研究

目的 以地震活动频繁的典型代表性村镇为对象,对其开展地震危险性分析,为村镇建筑抗震分析提供基础.方法 采用PSHA概率法计算场点地震危险性分析,进而确定研究场地的平动地震动场;按照弹性波动理论的频域法,通过MATLAB程序进行数值模拟,对平动分量进行傅里叶变换得到地震动转动分量.结果 抗倒塌罕遇地震动计算结果为等效震级...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the