具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

带有二次约束的一些非凸二次规划问题的全局最优性条件

利用Z.Y.W u等人最近提出的一种新的研究全局优化问题的全局最优性条件的方法,研究了一些带有二次约束的非凸二次规划问题的全局最优性条件,得到了一些带有二次约束的非凸二次规划问题的全局最优性充分条件,同时也得到了一些无约束非凸二次规划问题的全局最优性充分条件,并证明了在一些特殊情况下,本文的一些结果与文献中的一些结论是一致的。在有些情况下,本文的有些结果还推广了现有文献中的一些结论。     

关于对外汉语专业课程采用双语教学的思考

使用双语进行对外汉语专业课程教学是对外汉语专业教师面临的一个难题,急需解决却阻力颇多。鉴于此,就对外汉语专业课程采取双语教学的必要性、可行性、存在的问题进行讨论,并提出几点建议。     

基于泰勒公式应用的几个问题

探讨了泰勒公式在定义某些初等函数,讨论某些复杂级数的敛散性,求某些复合函数的极限,对某些定积分进行近似计算,求某些微分方程的通解几个方面的一些应用。     

李四光地质科学创新思想研究

认为李四光地质科学创思想表现在：敢于创造新的科学理论；贵于坚持新的研究方向，勤于进行新的科学实验，勇于从事新的科学实践；善于思考新的科学问题等方面。     

两个经济模型中的数学推导问题

某些西方经济学文献在运用数学建模进行论证分析时,由于没有理清一些数学变量关系在经济上的含义,从而造成逻辑混乱或数学工具的错用,并由于其一定的隐蔽性,可能对读者造成相当程度的误导.首先分析国内颇具影响的文献[1]中两个数学模型中的推导问题,一个是关于要素供给模型的构建和推导,另一个是关于一般均衡条件的推导.然后指出文献[2]中一个严重的数学错误,在分析其错误根源的基础上,一并给出了相应的解释和修正.     

连续参数集值鞅正则与收敛关系定理

给出了连续参数集值鞅的几种收敛定义．利用连续参数集值鞅正则性与收敛性的基本结果，给出了连续参数集值正则鞅与集值鞅收敛的几个关系定理，即在一定条件下，连续参数集值正则鞅具有某种收敛性；在一定条件下，具有某种收敛性的连续参数集值鞅是集值正则鞅．     

学报文稿编辑加工中常见错误例论

为了尽量减少文稿编辑加工中一些常见性错误,进一步提升学报质量,文章用举例分析论证的方法,深入浅出地阐述一些常见字、词、拼音、数字、标点使用的错因,提出了严格按相关法规办事,持续改进,达到规范化、标准化的主张。     

电弧炉埋弧冶炼工艺研究

本文介绍炉渣发泡性能的实验室研究和在普通功率小电炉上的工业性实验研究结果，指出了影响炉渣发泡的因素、炉渣发泡工艺的优越性以及一些促进炉渣发泡的添加剂及其加入方法。     

汽车煤人工采样问题探讨

论述了汽车煤采样标准的相关规定和采样标准执行中的若干问题,分析了当前电厂中汽车煤采样存在的主要问题,提出了汽车煤人工采样的建议和采样操作中应注意的问题。     

可解群的若干充分条件

利用某些特殊交换子群的中心化子和正规化子满足一定条件，得到了有限群可解的若干充分条件，并推广了若干已知结果．