Globalization, Scientific Lexicons, and the Future of Biology

1Biologyforthe21stCentury InarecentarticleintheNewYorkTimes(3/23/05),reportingonyetanotherupsetto receivedviewsofthewaysinwhichcellsmakeuseoftheirDNA,aprominentgeneticistisquo tedasremarking,“biologistshavegottenusedtotheunexpected.Indeed,theyhave,asin d…     

Shifting Tectonic Plates in the History of Science： Reflections on the Life and Work of Joseph Needham

A meeting of historians of science in 21^St century Beijing provokes reflections of an unusual kind, some of which I should like to share with you now. Those reflections centre on the implications of the life and work of one of the past centuries most unusual intellectual figures Joseph Needham （1900-1995）.     

Address at the Opening Ceremony of the 22nd International Congress of History of Science

Honorable Council members of the DHS, Chairs of Delegations, Distinguished Guests, Lances and Gentlemen ： On behalf of the Chinese host, I sincerely and warmly welcome you to Beijing and the 22^nd International Congress of the History of Science. To my knowledge, in the 76 years of its history, this is only the second time that the Congress is being held in the Far East, and is also the second time the Congress is meeting in a developing country.     

Inference to the Best Manipulation – A Case Study of Qualitative Reasoning in Neuropharmacy

How can new drug lead suggestions beinferred from neurophysiological models? This paperaddresses this question based on a case study ofresearch into Parkinson's disease at the GroningenUniversity Department of Pharmacy. It is argued thatneurophysiological box-and-arrow models can beunderstood as qualitative differential equationmodels. An inference task is defined to helpunderstand and possibly aid the discovery andexplanation of new drug lead suggestions.     

Existing Problems and Suggestions in the Use of “宜农荒地” (yinonghuangdi)

一、问题的提出 从上世纪50年代以来,中央与地方有关的专著、科研报告、区划、规划、计划中,以及文后所列文献(1～8)中,都广泛使用“宜农荒地”或“宜农(耕)荒地”这一复合词.该词在……     

Address at the Opening Ceremony of the 22~(nd) International Congress of History of Science

HonorableCouncilmembersoftheDHS,ChairsofDelegations,DistinguishedGuests,Ladies andGentlemen:OnbehalfoftheChinesehost,IsincerelyandwarmlywelcomeyoutoBeijingandthe22nd InternationalCongressoftheHistoryofScience.Tomyknowledge,inthe76yearsofitshisto ry,thisis…     

The Discovery of the Southern Sky

该文题为《南天星空的发现－－对欧洲和中国三份最早的南天星表的研究》。从１５世纪末开始，以哥伦布发现美洲大陆为标志，欧洲进入伟大的地理新发现时代。欧洲航海家们越过赤道，到达了南半球，从而南天极附近的星空开始成为欧洲人能够看到的星空。     

Study on Standardizing Interpretation of the Term“潟湖”(lagoon) in Uygur Language

统一规范科技术语是衡量一个国家或地区的科技事业发展水平的重要标志之一.     

Exploring the Origin of“癌”

王立达[1]说,"癌"是日本人创造的汉字.王说曾为一些学者所继承,如胡新化[2]等.然而,据黄金贵[3]、何华珍[4]考证,"癌"字最早见于宋东轩居士<卫济宝书>(1170年).<卫济宝书>是一本外科专著.其中卷七有"痈疽五发"之说:"一曰癌"、"二曰瘭"、"三曰疽"、"四曰痼"、"五曰痈",且附有图示.     

On the English Translation of “三峡大坝”

2006年5月20日，世界上规模最大的混凝土大坝——三峡大坝耗时3080天，终于全部建成了。国内的英文报刊和英文图书几乎都将“三峡大坝”英译为the Three Gorges Dam，初看似乎还可以，但仔细推敲起来就显得有些不足。三峡大坝应归类为地名，地名通常由专名和通名组成。“三峡”是专名，“大坝”是通名，值得探讨的是通名“大坝”。[第一段]     

Studies in History of Natural ScienceInstruction for Contributors

StudiesintheHistoryofNaturalScience(SHNS)istheleadingjournalinthePeople sRepublicofChinade votedtostudiesinthehistoryofscience,technologyandmedicine.Thejournal,whichappearsinJanuary,April,JulyandOctober,publishesscholarlyarticlesandreviewsofbookseitherinE…     

On the Equivalence of Cohen’s Kappa and the Hubert-Arabie Adjusted Rand Index

It is shown that one can calculate the Hubert-Arabie adjusted Rand index by first forming the fourfold contingency table counting the number of pairs of objects that were placed in the same cluster in both partitions, in the same cluster in one partition but in different clusters in the other partition, and in different clusters in both, and then computing Cohen’s κ on this fourfold table. The author thanks Willem Heiser, Mark de Rooij, Marian Hickendorff and three anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and valuable suggestions on earlier versions of this article. Published online xx, xx, xxxx.     

Discrimination of “瘀血” and “淤血” in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine and the Relevant Terms

目前在医学出版物上，“瘀血”“淤血”及相关的医学名词有时使用混乱，因此有必要对这些名词的规范使用进行讨论。     

Einstein's Impact on Theoretical Physics in the 21st Century

ItisagreathonortobeinvitedtogivethistalkonAlbertEinsteininthecityofUlmwherehewasbornonehundredandtwentyfiveyearsago.IwishIcouldgivethistalkinGerman,but IrealizeifItry,itwouldlead,probablytomymisuseofGermanwords,andcertainlytogreatstrainsonyourauditorynerv…     

Moral and Political Significances of Nature in Ancient China

Naturehasbeeninextricablyconnectedwithhumanlife.Thereisnature snecessity,suchasthecosmicorderorbodilyfunctionsthatmencannotchangeandhavetocomplywith.There isnature sauthority.Peopleusenaturetobuildupsocialnormsandtojustifysocialandpoliti calactions.Therea…