Zeeman效应对d波超导特性及其正常金属/d波超导结中隧道谱的影响

通过外加Zeeman磁场在d波超导中, 研究磁场对d波超导及其正常金属/d波超导结中隧道谱的影响. 研究表明: (i) Zeeman磁场能使能隙变小, 且随着磁场变大, 超导态会变为正常态, 产生一级相变; (ii)Zeeman磁场可导致零偏压电导峰劈裂, 劈裂宽度为2h₀(h₀为Zeeman能); (iii)界面势垒强度与温度都能降低劈裂的电导峰的数值, 其中界面散射势会使电导峰变得尖锐, 温度可抹平其电导 峰, 但它们并不影响Zeeman效应.     

gossamer超导体基态相图的研究

在t-t’-J-U模型下,应用Gutzwiller平均场近似的方法,研究了gossamer超导体基态情况下的相图。结果表明,大U极限下,在欠掺杂区域,反铁磁序和d波超导序在很大的掺杂浓度范围内都共存。随着次近邻跃迁的增大,超导序参数在欠掺杂区域受到抑制,在最佳掺杂和过掺杂区域得到加强,从而导致反铁磁序和d波超导序共存区域变大,d波超导序在较大的掺杂浓度范围内一直存在。这些都与数值计算结果的趋势一致。     

铁基超导体Minimum模型中的d-波和扩展s-波

对比研究了Minimum模型中d-波配对和扩展s-波配对的基本性质.结果表明,超导序参量按类BCS关系随温度变化,重整化参数t对超导有抑制作用,当t足够大时,超导消失,系统进入正常金属相.在低能区,d波和扩展s波超导体在能隙内都有态密度的存在,态密度随能量线性变化;扩展s波超导体的熵随温度的降低比d波超导体快,二者的比热都随温度呈近似线性变化关系.     

铜氧化物高温超导体系中可能的d+id超导态

非常规超导研究一直是凝聚态物理的重要领域,近几年来拓扑超导电性的提出,备受研究者的关注。本文利用隶玻色子平均场方法计算了t-t′-t″-J模型的超导序参数,研究了在空穴掺杂情况下,次近邻及第三近邻尤其是外加磁场对超导配对对称性的影响。计算结果表明,次近邻跃迁项的计入将有利于形成稳定的d波超导配对,而随着磁场的引入,d波超导配对受到抑制,并在一定的参数范围内,具有拓朴d+id超导配对占据主导地位。     

掺杂棋盘晶格中的d波超导配对对称性

如何理解棋盘晶格中的强关联电子现象是一个值得深入研究的问题.在阻挫系统中，量子蒙特卡罗模拟通常会遇到符号问题.我们采用约束路径量子蒙特卡罗方法，有效地避开符号问题，研究了定义在掺杂棋盘晶格Hubbard模型中的超导配对关联.我们发现：d波对称性的超导配对关联函数优于其他对称性；d波配对关联函数随着次近邻跃迁强度t′的减小而增大，随着库仑相互作用的增加而增大.研究结果为进一步理解超导体中的关联效应及其超导配对机制提供了有价值的参考，也为理解阻挫和超导的关系提供了思路.     

基于张量网络算法对二维t-J模型的研究

高温超导问题是当前凝聚态物理学研究的最重要的问题之一。本文应用基于二维强关联电子无限费米子系统的投影纠缠对(gPEPS)表示下建立的虚时间演化的张量网络算法[arXiv:0907.5520],对高温超导的相关的最小模型——二维t-J 模型进行了数值模拟研究,得出二维t-J模型在半占据状态与小于半占据状态时的基态,并最终得到了海森堡反铁磁无空穴的态与有空穴的态之间的相分离线,以及二维正方格子t-J 模型的单位格点基态能量。研究结果表明,二维t-J 模型的相分离线上临界点为Jc=0.95t和下临界点为Jc=3.45t;随后模拟J/t = 0.4,发现不同的掺杂会导致出现四个超导相：一个是由电荷密度波、自旋密度波与p波共存的超导相,一个是自旋单态的d s波超导配对与反铁磁背景下自旋三态p波超导配对超导相,一个是扩展s波配对超导相,一个是铁磁背景下p波的配对超导相。     

S-P波混合超导的平均场理论谨以此文深切怀念敬爱的魏荣爵先生.他的关怀、支持和帮助,铭刻于心

对于由4个费米子相互作用系统组成的哈密顿量的平均场理论,当只有S波超导时,由SU(2)(局域同构于SO(3))代数表达,P波超导可以通过SO(5)表达,而对于S-P混合波超导的情况则由SU(4)(局域同构于SO(6))代数表达.本文通过在SO(6)代数中引入了反映S波和P波混合超导的SO (4)子集,从而可以通过对相干...     

正常金属/d波超导/正常金属双隧道结中的量子相干输运

考虑到量子相干效应和界面散射效应, 结合电子和空穴流对电导的贡献, 利用推广的Blonder-Tinklam-Klapwijk(BTK)方法, 研究正常金属/d波超导/正常金属双隧道结中的准粒子输运系数和隧道谱. 结果表明: 系统中的所有准粒子输运系数和电导谱都会随能量做周期性振荡, 其中Andreev反射系数在超导能隙之上随能量会出现周期性消失现象; 在绝缘层势垒强度取很大的隧道极限下, 超导层中会形成一系列准粒子束缚态.     

Anomalies of tunnel spectra in normal metal/insulator/d-wave superconductor junctions under the influence of insulator square barrier——Study under the condition of superconducting phase factor ψ±=0

以方势垒描述N/I/d波超导体结中绝缘层对准粒子输运的影响,在超导相位因子ψ±=0的情况下,利用Bogoliubov-de Gennes(BdG)方稃和Blonder-Tinkhanl-Klapwijk(BTK)理论,计算了N/I/d波超导体结的隧道谱.研究表明:(1)在ψ±=0的情况下,N/I/d波超导体结的隧道谱中出现了零偏压电导峰,零偏压电导峰的出现及形状强烈地依赖于绝缘层的厚度和绝缘层的势垒值;(2)绝缘层以方势垒描述较之以δ势描述更为优越.     

点杂质和Anderson无序对于具有S波配对势的石墨烯性质的影响

基于BCS理论,在紧束缚近似下,通过求解Bogoliubov- de Gennes (BdG)方程,自洽地计算了石墨烯晶格中S波超导配对势对化学势的依赖关系.并分别讨论了点杂质和Anderson无序对体系S波超导配对势的影响.     

Nodal quasiparticle in pseudogapped colossal magnetoresistive manganites

A characteristic feature of the copper oxide high-temperature superconductors is the dichotomy between the electronic excitations along the nodal (diagonal) and antinodal (parallel to the Cu-O bonds) directions in momentum space, generally assumed to be linked to the 'd-wave' symmetry of the superconducting state. Angle-resolved photoemission measurements in the superconducting state have revealed a quasiparticle spectrum with a d-wave gap structure that exhibits a maximum along the antinodal direction and vanishes along the nodal direction. Subsequent measurements have shown that, at low doping levels, this gap structure persists even in the high-temperature metallic state, although the nodal points of the superconducting state spread out in finite 'Fermi arcs'. This is the so-called pseudogap phase, and it has been assumed that it is closely linked to the superconducting state, either by assigning it to fluctuating superconductivity or by invoking orders which are natural competitors of d-wave superconductors. Here we report experimental evidence that a very similar pseudogap state with a nodal-antinodal dichotomous character exists in a system that is markedly different from a superconductor: the ferromagnetic metallic groundstate of the colossal magnetoresistive bilayer manganite La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7. Our findings therefore cast doubt on the assumption that the pseudogap state in the copper oxides and the nodal-antinodal dichotomy are hallmarks of the superconductivity state.     

Interplay of magnetism and high-Tc superconductivity at individual Ni impurity atoms in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta.

Magnetic interactions and magnetic impurities are destructive to superconductivity in conventional superconductors. By contrast, in some unconventional macroscopic quantum systems (such as superfluid 3He and superconducting UGe2), the superconductivity (or superfluidity) is actually mediated by magnetic interactions. A magnetic mechanism has also been proposed for high-temperature superconductivity. Within this context, the fact that magnetic Ni impurity atoms have a weaker effect on superconductivity than non-magnetic Zn atoms in the high-Tc superconductors has been put forward as evidence supporting a magnetic mechanism. Here we use scanning tunnelling microscopy to determine directly the influence of individual Ni atoms on the local electronic structure of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta. At each Ni site we observe two d-wave impurity states of apparently opposite spin polarization, whose existence indicates that Ni retains a magnetic moment in the superconducting state. However, analysis of the impurity-state energies shows that quasiparticle scattering at Ni is predominantly non-magnetic. Furthermore, we show that the superconducting energy gap and correlations are unimpaired at Ni. This is in strong contrast to the effects of non-magnetic Zn impurities, which locally destroy superconductivity. These results are consistent with predictions for impurity atom phenomena derived from a magnetic mechanism.     

具有诱导超导电性和自旋轨道耦合作用的半导体纳米线零偏压电导峰的研究

本文对具有诱导超导电性和自旋轨道耦合作用的半导体纳米线的微分电导谱的一些特性进行了详细的分析和研究. 通过对系统的微分电导谱与系统的各种可调控参量之间的关系进行详细的研究,发现在这类系统中存在两种不同类型的零偏压电导峰. 这两种零偏压电导峰具有不同的特点,相应地应由不同的物理机制所导致. 论文中的计算结果对澄清最近一些有争议性的理论问题有一定的理论参考意义.     

Inhomogeneity,dynamical symmetry,and complexity in high-temperature superconductors:Reconciling a universal phase diagram with rich local disorder

A model for high-temperature superconductors incorporating antiferromagnetism,d-wave superconductivity,and no double lattice-site occupancy can give energy surfaces delicately balanced between antiferromagnetic and superconducting order for specific ranges of doping and temperature. The resulting properties can reconcile a universal cuprate phase diagram with rich inhomogeneity,relate that inhomogeneity to pseudogaps,give a fundamental rationale for giant proximity eects and other emergent behavior,and provide an objective framework to separate essential from peripheral in the superconducting mechanism.     

Imaging the effects of individual zinc impurity atoms on superconductivity in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta

Although the crystal structures of the copper oxide high-temperature superconductors are complex and diverse, they all contain some crystal planes consisting of only copper and oxygen atoms in a square lattice: superconductivity is believed to originate from strongly interacting electrons in these CuO2 planes. Substituting a single impurity atom for a copper atom strongly perturbs the surrounding electronic environment and can therefore be used to probe high-temperature superconductivity at the atomic scale. This has provided the motivation for several experimental and theoretical studies. Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) is an ideal technique for the study of such effects at the atomic scale, as it has been used very successfully to probe individual impurity atoms in several other systems. Here we use STM to investigate the effects of individual zinc impurity atoms in the high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta. We find intense quasiparticle scattering resonances at the Zn sites, coincident with strong suppression of superconductivity within approximately 15 A of the scattering sites. Imaging of the spatial dependence of the quasiparticle density of states in the vicinity of the impurity atoms reveals the long-sought four-fold symmetric quasiparticle 'cloud' aligned with the nodes of the d-wave superconducting gap which is believed to characterize superconductivity in these materials.     

Abrupt onset of a second energy gap at the superconducting transition of underdoped Bi2212

The superconducting gap--an energy scale tied to the superconducting phenomena--opens on the Fermi surface at the superconducting transition temperature (T(c)) in conventional BCS superconductors. In underdoped high-T(c) superconducting copper oxides, a pseudogap (whose relation to the superconducting gap remains a mystery) develops well above T(c) (refs 1, 2). Whether the pseudogap is a distinct phenomenon or the incoherent continuation of the superconducting gap above T(c) is one of the central questions in high-T(c) research. Although some experimental evidence suggests that the two gaps are distinct, this issue is still under intense debate. A crucial piece of evidence to firmly establish this two-gap picture is still missing: a direct and unambiguous observation of a single-particle gap tied to the superconducting transition as function of temperature. Here we report the discovery of such an energy gap in underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta in the momentum space region overlooked in previous measurements. Near the diagonal of Cu-O bond direction (nodal direction), we found a gap that opens at T(c) and has a canonical (BCS-like) temperature dependence accompanied by the appearance of the so-called Bogoliubov quasi-particles, a classical signature of superconductivity. This is in sharp contrast to the pseudogap near the Cu-O bond direction (antinodal region) measured in earlier experiments.     

Magnetic-field-induced superconductivity in a two-dimensional organic conductor

The application of a sufficiently strong magnetic field to a superconductor will, in general, destroy the superconducting state. Two mechanisms are responsible for this. The first is the Zeeman effect, which breaks apart the paired electrons if they are in a spin-singlet (but not a spin-triplet) state. The second is the so-called 'orbital' effect, whereby the vortices penetrate into the superconductors and the energy gain due to the formation of the paired electrons is lost. For the case of layered, two-dimensional superconductors, such as the high-Tc copper oxides, the orbital effect is reduced when the applied magnetic field is parallel to the conducting layers. Here we report resistance and magnetic-torque experiments on single crystals of the quasi-two-dimensional organic conductor lambda-(BETS)2FeCl4, where BETS is bis(ethylenedithio)tetraselenafulvalene. We find that for magnetic fields applied exactly parallel to the conducting layers of the crystals, superconductivity is induced for fields above 17 T at a temperature of 0.1 K. The resulting phase diagram indicates that the transition temperature increases with magnetic field, that is, the superconducting state is further stabilized with magnetic field.     

Visualizing pair formation on the atomic scale in the high-Tc superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta

Pairing of electrons in conventional superconductors occurs at the superconducting transition temperature T(c), creating an energy gap Delta in the electronic density of states (DOS). In the high-T(c) superconductors, a partial gap in the DOS exists for a range of temperatures above T(c) (ref. 2). A key question is whether the gap in the DOS above T(c) is associated with pairing, and what determines the temperature at which incoherent pairs form. Here we report the first spatially resolved measurements of gap formation in a high-T(c) superconductor, measured on Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta samples with different T(c) values (hole concentration of 0.12 to 0.22) using scanning tunnelling microscopy. Over a wide range of doping from 0.16 to 0.22 we find that pairing gaps nucleate in nanoscale regions above T(c). These regions proliferate as the temperature is lowered, resulting in a spatial distribution of gap sizes in the superconducting state. Despite the inhomogeneity, we find that every pairing gap develops locally at a temperature T(p), following the relation 2Delta/k(B)T(p) = 7.9 +/- 0.5. At very low doping (< or =0.14), systematic changes in the DOS indicate the presence of another phenomenon, which is unrelated and perhaps competes with electron pairing. Our observation of nanometre-sized pairing regions provides the missing microscopic basis for understanding recent reports of fluctuating superconducting response above T(c) in hole-doped high-T(c) copper oxide superconductors.     

Imaging the granular structure of high-Tc superconductivity in underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta.

Granular superconductivity occurs when microscopic superconducting grains are separated by non-superconducting regions; Josephson tunnelling between the grains establishes the macroscopic superconducting state. Although crystals of the copper oxide high-transition-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors are not granular in a structural sense, theory suggests that at low levels of hole doping the holes can become concentrated at certain locations resulting in hole-rich superconducting domains. Granular superconductivity arising from tunnelling between such domains would represent a new view of the underdoped copper oxide superconductors. Here we report scanning tunnelling microscope studies of underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta that reveal an apparent segregation of the electronic structure into superconducting domains that are approximately 3 nm in size (and local energy gap <50 meV), located in an electronically distinct background. We used scattering resonances at Ni impurity atoms as 'markers' for local superconductivity; no Ni resonances were detected in any region where the local energy gap Delta > 50 +/- 2.5 meV. These observations suggest that underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta is a mixture of two different short-range electronic orders with the long-range characteristics of a granular superconductor.     

A multi-component Fermi surface in the vortex state of an underdoped high-Tc superconductor

To understand the origin of superconductivity, it is crucial to ascertain the nature and origin of the primary carriers available to participate in pairing. Recent quantum oscillation experiments on high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) copper oxide superconductors have revealed the existence of a Fermi surface akin to that in normal metals, comprising fermionic carriers that undergo orbital quantization. The unexpectedly small size of the observed carrier pocket, however, leaves open a variety of possibilities for the existence or form of any underlying magnetic order, and its relation to d-wave superconductivity. Here we report experiments on quantum oscillations in the magnetization (the de Haas-van Alphen effect) in superconducting YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6.51) that reveal more than one carrier pocket. In particular, we find evidence for the existence of a much larger pocket of heavier mass carriers playing a thermodynamically dominant role in this hole-doped superconductor. Importantly, characteristics of the multiple pockets within this more complete Fermi surface impose constraints on the wavevector of any underlying order and the location of the carriers in momentum space. These constraints enable us to construct a possible density-wave model with spiral or related modulated magnetic order, consistent with experimental observations.