水东港及其近岸海域食用水产品重金属污染及无公害评价

2005年10月对水东港及其近岸海域海水和海洋生物体进行采样,测定海水中重金属(A s、Hg、Pb、Cd和Cu)和海洋生物体内重金属(Cu、Pb、Cd、Hg、C r、Zn和N i)含量,其中海水重金属含量采用单项污染指数评价法进行评价,海洋生物体内重金属含量采用生物质量指数法进行评价,海洋生物的无公害评价按照国家农业行业标准进行评价,海洋生物对重金属的富集状况通过生物体对某种重金属的富集系数来评价。结果表明:水东港及其近岸海域海水中A s、Hg、Pb、Cd和Cu的含量均低于渔业水质标准和海水水质标准,总体质量为优质;水东港及其近岸海水中海洋生物体内重金属的含量均低于海洋生物污染评价标准,但是各类生物体内的Pb和Cd的含量均超过国家无公害标准;各类海洋生物对于Cd比其它重金属具有较强的富集能力。     

涠洲岛珊瑚骨骼重金属水平及其生物富集效应

前人研究表明珊瑚骨骼中重金属元素的含量能有效指示其生存的海水环境状况。本文在涠洲岛海域的6个站位采集了3种18个珊瑚样品,室内测试了这些珊瑚样品的5类重金属元素(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr)的含量,进而探讨了涠洲岛海域的重金属状况。结果表明:(1)除Cu含量存在显著的珊瑚种间差异外,其余4种重金属元素没有明显的种间差异性;(2)与其他区域珊瑚骨骼重金属含量相比较,涠洲岛珊瑚的Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr的含量相对较低,但Zn的含量相对较高;(3)涠洲岛西岸海域的重金属元素含量高于东岸,这与当地的石油开采平台、船舶运输以及岛上石油终端处理厂的活动有关;(4)珊瑚骨骼对这5种重金属元素的的富集存在一定的种间差异,如帛琉蜂巢珊瑚对Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd的富集作用最强,十字牡丹珊瑚则对Pb的生物富集作用最强。     

秋季渤海湾(河北省段)水体及鱼体内重金属含量与评价

2013年秋季在渤海湾采集了48份水样,矛尾虾虎鱼(Chaeturichth ys stigmatias Richardson)样品90份,测定重金属含量.水体表层7种重金属含量从高到低是Cu,Zn,Cr,As,Pb,Cd,Hg,底层是Zn,Cu,Cr,As,Pb,Cd,Hg,矛尾虾虎鱼体内重金属含量顺序是Zn,Cu,Pb,As,Cr,Cd,Hg.结果表明:Cr,Cd和As含量符合海水水质标准第工类标准要求,Hg和Pb符合海水水质标准第Ⅱ类标准要求,Zn和Cu符合海水水质标准第Ⅲ类标准要求;秋季渤海湾的矛尾虾虎鱼未受到重金属的污染.     

天津近岸海水重金属污染状况及分布

2011年对天津近岸海水重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Hg及As含量进行了调查,采用《海水水质标准》[1](GB3097-1997)进行了超标分析,利用单因子污染指数法对其污染程度进行了评价,并采用Kriging空间插值法对重金属分布特征做了评价。结果表明:天津近岸海水中重金属总体处于较低水平,Pb、Zn及Hg超标率分别为100%、22.2%和22.2%,单因子指数法计算污染程度排序为Pb>Zn>Hg>Cu>Cd>As>Cr;Cu、Pb、Zn、Hg、As有着相似的空间分布,均为南北高中间低,各污染物最大值均出现在受陆源排污影响的区域和围填海海洋工程附近。     

钦州湾近岸海域底栖生物体内重金属含量与污染评价

采集钦州湾近岸海域8种底栖生物样品,利用原子吸收光谱仪和原子荧光分光光度计测定底栖生物体内重金属含量,分析评价底栖生物受重金属污染程度。结果表明,底栖生物体内重金属平均含量从高到低为Zn〉Cu〉As〉Cd〉Cr〉Pb〉Hg,其中,软体动物：Zn〉Cu〉As〉Cd〉Cr〉Pb〉Hg;甲壳动物：Zn〉Cu〉As〉Cd〉Pb〉Cr〉Hg;鱼类：Zn〉As〉Cu〉Cr〉Pb〉Cd〉Hg。不同底栖生物对重金属的富集能力不同,同一种底栖生物对不同重金属的富集能力不同,从大到小为,软体动物：Cu〉Cd〉Cr〉Zn〉As〉Hg〉Pb;甲壳动物：Cu〉Cd〉Zn〉As〉Cr〉Hg〉Pb;鱼类：Cr〉As〉Zn〉Cu〉Cd〉Hg〉Pb。钦州湾近岸海域底栖生物均未受到重金属污染,但是重金属积累严重,软体动物体内Cd和As超过了国家食品卫生标准值。     

2014年茅尾海海水及表层沉积物中6种重金属污染及评价

采集了广西钦州茅尾海12个海水样品和对应的海洋表层沉积物样品,分析了茅尾海海水及表层沉积物中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As的含量,并利用单因子污染指数评价了海水及沉积物在该区的污染程度及利用地积累指数法评价了该区表层沉积物的重金属污染程度。结果表明:海水中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg、As平均含量均符合海渔业水质标准,但是Cu、Pb、Zn、Hg平均含量均超出第一类海洋水质标准,且Cu、Pb、Zn、Hg有超标现象。表层沉积物重金属平均污染指数均小于1,均符合一类标准,但是重金属元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、As有超标现象。Pb、Zn、As的地积累指数均较小,Cu、Cd、Hg的地积累指数略大,污染多在钦江和大榄江的入海口附近。     

珠江口红树林湿地海水重金属污染评价及分析

海水重金属是海洋环境质量评价体系中的重要因子,目前珠江口重金属污染问题突出,红树林湿地面积减少,为保护红树林海域环境、改善海水质量,探讨红树林湿地海水重金属的影响因子,对珠江口南沙红树林湿地、淇澳红树林保护区和深圳红树林保护区进行海水采集.通过电感耦气等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)测定样品中Hg、Cd、Pb、Cr、As、Cu、Zn含量,并基于综合指数法评价海水质量.重金属含量分析与评价结果表明:珠江口红树林湿地海水重金属含量居前的元素是Pb、As、Cd、Hg,含量较少的是Cr、Cu、Zn;综合3个研究区域单项重金属元素的污染程度,由高到低排序为:Hg、Cd、Pb、As、Cu、Cr、Zn;南沙红树林湿地、淇澳红树林保护区、深圳红树林保护区综合指数分别是2.132、13.074、6.398,南沙红树林湿地海水重金属污染为中度污染水平,淇澳、深圳红树林保护区海水重金属污染为严重污染水平;地理位置、潮位流速、红树林湿地生态系统、产业活动影响红树林湿地海水重金属污染程度,而水质要素对红树林海水重金属影响机理较为复杂,需进一步探讨.文中评价珠江口红树林湿地海水重金属污染程度,探讨其影响因子,对保护珠江口红树林湿地有参考价值.     

涠洲岛西面及西南面沉积物重金属污染分析

【目的】研究广西涠洲岛海域沉积物污染情况并进行分析与评价。【方法】通过分析2014年涠洲岛沉积物重金属元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr含量水平,运用单因子评价法、潜在生态风险指数法和地累积指数法进行污染程度评价。【结果】涠洲岛西面及西南面海域沉积物重金属含量均值从小到大依次为CdCuPbCrZn,分别对应未检出、3.02 mg·kg~(-1)、3.19 mg·kg~(-1)、6.47 mg·kg~(-1)、10.10 mg·kg~(-1),含量范围分别为未检出、0.95~8.29mg·kg~(-1)、2.68~4.07mg·kg~(-1)、1.81~18.46mg·kg~(-1)、ND~34.59mg·kg~(-1)。重金属污染程度属于"低水平",单个及多种重金属生态风险分级均为"轻微",其中Cu是引发生态风险的主要元素,地累积指数亦表明该海域各重金属污染程度均为0级。【结论】总体来说,涠洲岛西面及西南面海域沉积物重金属含量与污染程度较广西沿海其他海域低,仍属清洁水平。     

舟山群岛岩相潮间带日本笠藤壶重金属富集及其污染评价

 日本笠藤壶是舟山群岛岩相潮间带的广布种,对重金属具有较强的富集能力,是生物监测海洋重金属污染的良好指示种。为了探讨舟山海域重金属的污染状况及其在海洋生物体内的富集规律,本文分析了该种对Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr、As和Hg的富集能力。结果表明,日本笠藤壶体内Cu的含量显著高于Pb、Cd、Cr、As和Hg的含量,且Pb和Hg富集量之间呈显著的正相关关系。根据日本笠藤壶体内积累的重金属总量,在本研究的7个样点中,岱山和小洋的日本笠藤壶受重金属污染程度高。与海洋贝类生物质量标准相比,除Pb和Hg超过各自的第二类标准值外,日本笠藤壶体内Cu、Cd、Cr和As含量都没有超过各自的第二类标准值,这表明目前舟山群岛海域日本笠藤壶受Pb和Hg的污染较为严重,受Cu、Cr、Cd、As的污染较轻。     

珠江口伶仃洋习见水生动物体内重金属含量测定与评价

应用原子吸收分光光度计,分别测定了珠江口伶仃洋海域部分习见水生动物,包括鱼类、甲壳类、双壳类和头足类体内的镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)和镍(Ni)的含量,并使用标准物作了对照分析.结果显示,不同生物富集金属的能力不同.采用金属污染指数法比较不同生物体间对金属富集能力的差异性,用海洋生物污染评价标准以及有毒、有害物质的限量标准评价海洋生物的污染水平及食用安全性.结果显示,鱼类、虾类、双壳类和头足类都受到了不同程度的重金属污染,有的甚至达到了重污染水平(Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr),大部分海洋生物体内的某些重金属元素的含量出现严重超出食用标准的现象,如棘头梅童鱼的Cr和Pb分别超标23.93和48.05倍,长蛇鲻的Pb超标52.66倍;近江牡蛎的Cu和Cd分别超标740.27和89.59倍.结果表明,珠江口伶仃洋海域重金属污染情况较严重,应当引起有关部门的高度重视.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with