The age of the “old red sand” on the coasts of south Fujian and west Guangdong, China

The sedimentary strata and deposition ages of the “old red sand” distributed along the coasts of south Fujian and west Guangdong are determined by lithostratigraphy, magnetic stratigraphy and earth chemistry combined with TL, ESR and¹⁴C-dating techniques. The research shows that the “old red sand” was aeolian sediments deposited from 55 400 to 9 000 aBP, the last glacial period in the middle and later age of Late Pleistocene. Most of them deposited in two periods of 56-42 ka and 30-10 ka. The “old red sand” deposited in the period of 30-10 ka, the later Würm glacier substage (Q ₃ ³ ), developed on the largest scale with the widest distribution.     

北京西山清水河马兰台的形成时代与环境

从沉积学论证马兰阶地是气候阶地,关键在于进行砾石层的大筛分,马兰期砾石层9个样品和现代清水河河床16个样品大筛分的结果表明,马兰期砾石层属于冰缘气候条件下的河流沉积,根据顶部古土壤层和下部砂质粘土层的^14C测年数据,确定马兰期砾石层出露部分的堆积年代为距今30000－13000a B.P.,马兰阶地大约形成于11000a B.P..。     

全基因组关联分析显示基因ANXA8和C10orf11为影响肌少症的候选基因

为了寻找与瘦体重(lean body mass,LBM)相关的单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP)位点及易感基因,在1 000个不相关的白人中采用Affymetix 500K芯片扫描了500 000个SNPs,并进行全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study,GWAS),显著结果在1 625个中国人样本和2 283个欧洲白人样本中进行验证,并将验证结果与研究结果进行荟萃分析。研究发现SNPsrs7905603,rs9416083,rs4409772,rs2894310与LBM关联,其中rs7905603位于基因ANXA8,其他3个SNPs位于基因C10orf11。荟萃分析得到的合并p值分别为2.08×10-5,7.44×10~(-6),6.73×10~(-6),6.76×10~(-6)。ANXA8和C10orf11基因是影响LBM变异的候选基因,这对肌少症的认识提供了新的理论依据。     

紫花苜蓿对土壤中铜的富集效应及其生理响应

依据我国土壤环境质量标准设置10个铜污染指标(1~400mg.kg-1),采用盆栽试验研究了铜污染对紫花苜蓿的生物量、铜积累、叶绿素和游离脯氨酸含量等的影响,探讨叶绿素和游离脯氨酸含量与紫花苜蓿铜积累之间的相互关系.结果表明叶绿素和游离脯氨酸的含量变化分别与紫花苜蓿的生物量和铜积累量的变化趋势一致.随土壤中铜含量的增加,叶绿素含量先增加后减小.游离脯氨酸含量在外源添加铜含量高于10mg.kg-1时与对照组相比增加显著(P<0.05).紫花苜蓿根系的铜积累显著高于地上部分.铜含量为400mg.kg-1时紫花苜蓿铜的总积累量达每盆617μg,是对照组的12倍左右,表明紫花苜蓿对铜污染土壤具有潜在的...     

Vp of muscovite-biotite gneiss up to 950℃ at 400 MPa: Constraints on the origin of abnormal seismic layers in continental crust

Here we present experimental results of compressional wave velocity (Vp) of muscovite-biotite gneiss from Higher Himalayan Crystallines (HHC) at the temperature up to 950℃ and the pressure of 0.1―400 MPa. At 400 MPa, when the temperature is lower than 600℃, Vp decreases linearly with increasing temperature at the rate of (Vp/T)p -4.43×10-4 km/s ℃. In the temperature range of 600―800℃, Vp drops significantly and the signal is degraded gradually due to the dehydration of muscovite and α-quartz softening. When the temperature rises from 800℃ to 875℃, Vp increases and the signals become clear again as a result of the temperature going through the β-quartz range. The experiments indicate that the duration has great influence on the experimental results when temperature is above the dehydration point of biotite. During the first 30 h at 950℃, the Vp decreases substantially from 5.9 to 5.4 km/s and the signal amplitude is attenuated by more than 80%. After the 30-h transition, the Vp and the amplitude of ultrasonic wave signals become steady. The decrease of Vp and attenuation of the signals at 950℃ are associated with the breakdown reactions of biotite. The experiments suggest that the breakdown of muscovite and/or quartz softening can contribute to the low seismic wave velocity in thickened quartz-rich felsic-crust such as what is beneath southern Tibet. Additionally, α-β quartz transition generates a measurable high seismic velocity zone, which provides a possibility of precisely constraining the temperature in the upper-middle continental crust. Our study also demonstrates that duration is a key factor to obtain credible experimental results.     

40万吨级矿石船进出渤海深水航路乘潮问题分析

为保障40万吨级矿石船安全进出曹妃甸港,通过ADCIRC潮位数学模型研究渤海潮波传播规律。结合船舶航行方式,采用多站联合法求取40万吨级矿石船在渤海超长深水航路的乘潮水位。结果表明:40万吨级矿石船在乘潮保证率90%、乘潮时间8 h进入渤海水域的乘潮水位为1. 0 m,乘潮保证率90%、乘潮时间8 h驶出渤海水域的乘潮水位为0. 2 m。可见同一乘潮保证率和时间下的乘潮水位,进入渤海水域明显高于驶出渤海水域;多站联合法确定的进入渤海水域乘潮水位大于单潮站确定的乘潮水位(0. 6 m);驶出渤海水域乘潮水位小于单潮站确定的乘潮水位(0. 7 m)。     

The age of the "old red sand" on the coasts of south Fujian and west Guangdong, China

The sedimentary strata and deposition ages of the "old red sand" distributed along the coasts of south Fujian and west Guangdong are determined by lithostratigraphy, magnetic stratigraphy and earth chemistry combined with TL, ESR and 14C-dating techniques. The research shows that the "old red sand" was aeolian sediments deposited from 55 400 to 9 000 aBP, the last glacial period in the middle and later age of Late Pleistocene. Most of them deposited in two periods of 56-42 ka and 30-10 ka. The "old red sand" deposited in the period of 30-10 ka, the later Würm glacier substage (Q33), developed on the largest scale with the widest distribution.     

定向凝固合金DZ466在涂 NaCl/Na2 SO4盐条件下热腐蚀行为

采用涂NaCl/Na2 SO4盐方法研究了DZ466合金在850℃和950℃条件下热腐蚀行为.结果表明：合金的腐蚀层包括三个区域,最外层为( Ni,Co) O氧化物层,次外层为尖晶石结构氧化层( Ni,Co) Cr2 O4,内层为内腐蚀层,850℃时该层为Ni3 S2,而950℃时除Ni3 S2外,在靠近次外层还形成内氧化Al2 O3;在850℃和950℃时合金的热腐蚀机制相同,氧化膜连续性的破坏,是合金遭受热腐蚀的主要原因;热腐蚀增重曲线均符合抛物线规律,其速率常数分别为3.1×10-11 g2·cm-4·s-1和1.5×10-9 g2·cm-4·s-1,热腐蚀激活能分别为179.2 kJ·mol-1和138.3 kJ·mol-1.     

Discovery and character of the Kunlun-Yellow River Movement

Based on geomorphological, tectonic and sedimentary data, a Kunlun Yellow River Tectonic Movement has been recognized in 1 10-0 60 Ma B.P. This tectonic movement, which leads to uplift of the Qinghai_Xizang (Tibet) Plateau from 1 500 to 3 000-3 500 m, is periodic, abrupt and changeable in the movement rate of uplifting and slide slipping.     

Sedimentation rates and provenance analysis in the Southwestern Okinawa Trough since the mid-Holocene

As a high-sedimentation rate depocenter along the path of the Kuroshio Current, the southwesternmost part of the Okinawa Trough is a key area to understand the Kuroshio history and sediments transpor-tation. A 34.17-m-long sediment core was obtained by the advanced piston corer of Marco Polo/IMAGES XII MARION DUFRESNE during the May 2005 from the Southern Okinawa Trough at site MD05-2908. The recovered sediments were analyzed by AMS ¹⁴C dating, coarse size fraction (>63 μm) extraction and moisture content determination in order to study its sedimentation flux and provenance. The depth-age relationship of core MD05-2908 was well constrained by 17 ¹⁴C dating points. The sediments span across the mid-Holocene (6.8 ka B.P.) and have remarkablely high sedimentation rates between 1.8 and 21.2 m ka^-1, which is well consistent with the modern observations from sediment traps. We identified five 70―200 a periods of abnormally rapid sedimentation events at 6790―6600 a B.P., 5690―5600 a B.P., 4820―4720 a B.P., 1090―880 a B.P., and 260―190 a B.P., during which the highest sedimentation rate is up to 21.2 m/ka. In general, the lithology of the sediments were dominated by silt and clay, associated with less than 5% coarse size fraction (>63 μm). As the most significant sediment source, the Lanyang River in northeastern Taiwan annually deliver about 10Mt materials to the coastal and offshore region of northeast Taiwan, a portion of which could be carried northward by currents toward the study area. Therefore, we concluded that the 5 abnormally rapid sedimentation events may be related to intensified rainfall in Taiwan and thus increased materials to our study area at that time. However, a few ex-treme-rapid sedimentation events cannot be explained by normal river runoff alone. The large earth-quakes or typhoons induced hyperpycnal discharge of fluvial sediment to the ocean may also act as a potential source supply to the Okinawa Trough.     

岱衢洋大黄鱼大规模工厂化育苗试验

2012-2013年在浙江宁波市象山港湾苗种有限公司育苗场,以野捕岱衢洋大黄鱼驯养繁育的后代性成熟鱼2 260尾为亲本,通过注射促黄体释放激素类似物(LRH-A3)催产,共获得受精卵1.58×108粒,在水温23~24℃、盐度22~24、pH 8.0~8.3、光照1 000~1 500 lx条件下,共孵化出仔鱼苗1.13×108尾。鱼苗培育以轮虫、卤虫无节幼体及桡足类为系列饵料,在水温22~24℃、盐度22~24、pH 7.9~8.3、光照1 000~3 000 lx条件下,经过42~47 d得到全长2.5~3.0 cm鱼苗3.21×107尾,成活率为28.4%。育苗过程中应注意亲鱼的培育、饵料系列的转换与搭配、水质的管理以及密度的控制等技术关键。本试验结果为今后岱衢洋大黄鱼大规模人工育苗技术推广提供参考。     

深层碳酸盐岩储层有机酸深穿透酸压工艺

利用常规酸液体系对深层碳酸盐岩储层进行酸压改造时面临着酸蚀缝长短、导流能力递减快等问题。为实现这类储层的高效改造,对有机酸、胶凝酸等不同的酸液体系获得的有效作用距离及长期导流能力进行实验研究。对比不同酸液体系的酸岩反应动力学方程,可知相较于胶凝酸,有机酸有效作用距离能提高10倍以上,但有机酸在低闭合应力(10 MPa)和高闭合应力(60 MPa)下长期导流能力均低于胶凝酸液体系。为在实现酸蚀裂缝长有效缝长及高导流能力,提出了"有机酸+胶凝酸"注入方式,先用有机酸进行远端刻蚀,再用胶凝酸提高近井导流能力。并对典型井优化,得到施工排量8～10 m~3/min,施工液量850～950 m~3,施工段塞在2～3段能取得较好的酸压施工效果。     

ZSM-5沸石的有效孔径对甲醇转化反应中低碳烯烃选择性的影响

本文以质谱仪为检测器的热脱附动力学方法测定了高温水蒸汽处理及磷、镁、硼浸渍改性HZSM-5沸石上甲醉的扩散活化能(E_d)及与沸石有效孔径有关的指数前因子(D_o)。结果表明,改性会使沸石的有效孔径缩小,其孔径大小的次序为:HZSM-5>HZSM-5-400>HZSM-5-600>PZSM-5(2％)>PZSM-5(4%)>MgYZSM-5(3％)>BZSM-5(3％)>BZSM-5(5％)。与用 NH_3-TPD及IR所测得的改性沸石表面酸性质相比,沸石的有效孔径的因素对甲醇转化反应中低碳烯烃选择性的影响小于沸石表面B酸量和酸强度的因素。     

基于美国高加索人群瘦体重的全基因组关联研究

为了寻找与瘦体重相关的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点及易感基因,在2 283名不相关的美国高加索人群中对瘦体重指数(LMI)进行全基因组关联分析(GWAS),并在1 000名不相关的美国高加索人群中验证,将研究结果与验证结果进行荟萃分析。研究发现,位于19p13.3区域的UQCR, MBD3和TCF3基因与LMI相关联。UQCR基因上rs8697(合并p=4.94×10~(-3))和rs56122285(合并p=2.59×10~(-3))具有eQTL效应,MBD3基因上rs8110543(合并p=6.88×10~(-3))和rs7252741(合并p=1.22×10~(-2))具有eQTL效应,DB得分分别为1b和1f。本研究进一步证实了UQCR,MBD3和TCF3基因在瘦体重变异中的作用,对肌少症的认识提供新的理论依据。     

基于硼氮共掺杂荧光碳点定量分析吡罗昔康

以邻苯二胺、谷氨酸及硼酸为前驱体,通过简单的一步水热法成功制备水溶性极好的硼氮共掺杂荧光碳点(B,N-CDs)。该B,N-CDs粒径约为20 nm,在吡罗昔康(PRX)的存在下,由于B,N-CDs和PRX之间存在强烈的电子或能量转移导致发生了强烈的荧光淬灭效应。据此,应用荧光碳点B,N-CDs作为荧光探针成功构建了高选择性、高灵敏性的PRX检测荧光传感器。实验数据显示,该传感器具有响应速度快、线性范围宽和检测限低等优点。检测PRX的线性范围为2×10~(-5)～1.5×10~(-4) mol/L,LOD为5.7×10~(-8) mol/L。该传感器用于实际样品检测得到了较好的回收率(94.3%～103.3%),充分说明B,N-CDs在药物检测领域具有很好的潜在应用价值。     

硫酸盐体系中阳离子对水分子氢键破坏效应

利用拉曼光谱对室温下Na2SO4-H2O、MgSO4-H2O、ZnSO4-H2O、Fe2(SO4)3-H2O体系中水分子的O-H伸缩振动情况开展研究。首先,通过对频谱中2 800~4 000 cm^-1区间,特别是3 400 cm^-1附近主峰拉曼位移的移动幅度和3 200 cm^-1附近肩峰强弱的考察,研究了拉曼光谱中不同阳离子浓度和类型对水分子中O-H伸缩振动的影响规律。其次,借助高斯拟合分峰的方法考察了各阳离子对水分子不同氢键结构类型的破坏效应。最后,系统分析了配合物的生成和阳离子破坏效应的共同作用。结果表明：不同阳离子的硫酸盐溶液对水分子氢键的破坏能力规律为：Na2SO4> Fe2(SO4)3> MgSO4> ZnSO4。     

锂离子在LiVOPO4中的扩散系数的测定

采用简单的恒电流法测定了锂离子在LiVOPO₄中的扩散系数.结果表明,充、放电过程中锂离子在LiVOPO₄电极中的扩散系数分别为4.78×10^-11和3.27×10^-11 cm²/s.     

恭城沙田柚果实品质与土壤环境化学的研究

在恭城县城选择三不同情况的沙田柚环境（挂果好，当年产３００多个，挂果一般，当年产５０个，从不挂果，树龄已有８年，结果无望）采样，分析土壤，果实，树枝叶的常量元素和微量元素，结果表明，恭城沙田柚全糖含量平均值达１０％以上，可溶性固形物含量达１７％，柠檬酸０．３１％，糖酸比和固酸比多在３０以上。品质优的沙田柚生长的土壤Ｋ２Ｏ，Ｐ２Ｏ５含量分别为１．８００３％～２．２１２５％和０．１５２４％～０．１８１     

400MPa超级钢疲劳裂纹扩展速率

采用PLG-100高频疲劳试验机,在试验频率为80 Hz条件下,应用三点弯曲法对400 MPa超级钢板进行了裂纹扩展速率实验;绘制出ANS400裂纹扩展速率da/dN与应力强度因子幅ΔK之间的关系曲线;利用Origin7.0软件,采用线性拟合的方法得出Paris方程中的系数C=9.4×10-12mm/次,m=4.47.计算得出ANS400钢的裂纹扩展门槛值ΔKth为7.98 MPa.m1/2.     

Shifts of the Kuroshio axis over the last 20 000 years

Core 255 from the southern Okinawa Trough was selected to monitor the shift of the Kuroshio axis over the last 20 000 years. During the last glacial maximum the Kuroshio axis had ever shifted outside the Okinawa Trough. It entered the Okinawa Trough again at about 6 500 a BP, leading to abrupt increase of sedimentation rate, distinctly coarser sediment and remarkably increased abundance of foraminiferal indicators of the Kuroshio in the core. But, during about 4 000-3 000 a BP the abundance of the Kuroshio indicatorPulleniatina obliquiloculata sharply decreased again, indicating that the Kuroshio axis had ever shifted casterly for a short period or the Kuroshio was weakened and that moment.