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1.
Identification of proteins in human prostate tumor material by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Alaiya AA Oppermann M Langridge J Roblick U Egevad L Brindstedt S Hellström M Linder S Bergman T Jörnvall H Auer G 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2001,58(2):307-311
Protein patterns in cells collected from benign prostatic tissues and prostate carcinomas were analyzed using two-dimensional
polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Polypeptide expression was evaluated by computer-assisted image
analysis (PDQUEST). Proteins expressed by prostate tumors were identified via in-gel digestion and subsequent matrix-assisted
laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. In addition to cytoskeletal and mitochondrial proteins, a 40-kDa protein was
identified as prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). PAP expression decreased approximately twofold between benign and malignant
tissue. Increased expression of heat shock protein 70 and decreased expression of tropomyosin 1 were also observed in the
malignant tissue. The analysis of prostate material by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry shows that
particular proteins are of interest as markers of disease.
Received 18 December 2000; accepted 4 January 2001 相似文献
2.
Transthyretin (formerly called prealbumin) plays important physiological roles as a transporter of thyroxine and retinol-binding
protein. X-ray structural studies have provided information on the active conformation of the protein and the site of binding
of both ligands. Transthyretin is also one of the precursor proteins commonly found in amyloid deposits. Both wild-type and
single-amino-acid-substituted variants have been identified in amyloid deposits, the variants being more amyloidogenic. Sequencing
of the gene and the resulting production of a transgenic mouse model have resulted in progress toward solving the mechanism
of amyloid formation and detecting the variant gene in individuals at risk.
Received 23 January 2001; received after revision 4 April 2001; accepted 30 April 2001 相似文献
3.
D.B. Moody 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2001,58(10):1461-1474
T cells are well known to recognize peptide antigens presented by major histocompatibility (MHC) class I or class II molecules.
More recently, the CD1 family of antigen-presenting molecules has been shown to present both mammalian and microbial glycolipid
antigens for specific recognition by T cells. Human CD1c proteins mediate T cell recognition of polyisoprenyl glycolipids,
evolutionarily conserved phosphoglycolipids, which function in glycan synthesis pathways. This family of antigenic molecules
is particularly attractive for the study of the molecular features that control T cell recognition of self and foreign glycolipids
because natural polyisoprenols from mammals, fungi, protozoa, mycobacteria and eubacteria differ in structure. Moreover, these
naturally occurring structural differences can influence their recognition by CD1c-restricted T cells. This review of the
structural diversity and evolutionary relationships of polyisoprenoid glycolipids emphasizes those features of polyisoprenyl
glycolipid biosynthesis that are relevant to their functions as targets of CD1-mediated T cell responses.
Received 16 March 2001; received after revision 19 April 2001; accepted 23 April 2001 相似文献
4.
Endogenous opioids have been studied extensively since their discovery, in the hope of finding a perfect analgesic, devoid
of the secondary effects of alkaloid opioids. However, the design of selective opioid agonists has proved very difficult.
First, structural studies of peptides in general are hampered by their intrinsic flexibility. Second, the relationship between
constitution and the so-called 'bioactive conformation' is far from obvious. Ideally, a direct structural study of the complex
between a peptide and its receptor should answer both questions, but such a study is not possible, because opioid receptors
are large membrane proteins, difficult to study by standard structural techniques. Thus, conformational studies of opioid
peptides are still important for drug design and also for indirect receptor mapping. This review deals with conformational
studies of natural opioid peptides in several solvents that mimic in part the different environments in which the peptides
exert their action. None of the structural investigations yields a convincing bioactive conformation, but the global conformation
of longer peptides in biomimetic environments can shed light on the interaction with receptors.
Received 15 April 2001; received after revision 10 May 2001; accepted 11 May 2001 相似文献
5.
Metallomics and metalloproteomics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Metallomics and metalloproteomics are emerging fields addressing the role, uptake, transport and storage of trace metals essential
for protein functions. The methodologies utilized in metallomics and metalloproteomics to provide information on the identity,
quantity and function of metalloproteins are discussed. The most widely used approach is through inductively coupled plasma
mass spectrometry to identify the metal bound to a protein, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to elucidate the
structure, dynamics and function of a metal-protein complex. Other approaches include X-ray absorption and X-ray fluorescence
spectroscopies, and bioinformatics sequence analysis. X-ray absorption spectroscopy utilizing a synchrotron radiation source
is a powerful tool to provide a direct analysis of metal bound to proteins and proteomic metal distribution in biological
matrices. With the advent of genome sequencing, a large database of protein primary structures has been established, and specific
tools to identify metalloproteins in the genome sequences have been developed.
Received 8 April 2008; received after revision 12 May 2008; accepted 15 May 2008 相似文献
6.
Recombinant expression of perchloric acid-soluble protein reduces cell proliferation 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Kanouchi H Tachibana H Oka T Yamada K 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2001,58(9):1340-1343
Perchloric acid-soluble protein (PSP) may play an important role in the regulation of cellular physiological functions because
it has been highly conserved throughout evolution; however, this role has not been well elucidated. In previous reports, we
suggested that PSP regulates cell proliferation. In this study, we examined the effect of PSP expression on proliferation
of the normal rat kidney cell line NRK-52E, the rat hepatocyte cell line RLN-10, and the rat hepatoma cell line dRLh-84. Cells
transfected with pcDNA-sense-PSP (pcDNA-S-PSP) over-expressed PSP mRNA and protein, and cell proliferation of the transfected
cells was suppressed compared with that of cells transfected with pcDNA-empty (pcDNA-E). Cell viability of pcDNA-S-PSP-transfected
cells was similar to that of pcDNA-E-transfected cells. Thus, over-expression of PSP suppresses cell proliferation without
any influence on cell viability. These findings are the first to report an inhibitory activity of PSP on cell proliferation.
Received 27 April 2001; received after revision 8 June 2001; accepted 8 June 2001 相似文献
7.
Protein farnesylation in mammalian cells: effects of farnesyltransferase inhibitors on cancer cells 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
F. Tamanoi C.-L. Gau C. Jiang H. Edamatsu J. Kato-Stankiewicz 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2001,58(11):1636-1649
Protein farnesylation, catalyzed by protein farnesyltransferase, plays important roles in the membrane association and protein-protein
interaction of a number of eukaryotic proteins. Recent development of farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) has led to further
insight into the biological significance of farnesylation in cancer cells. A number of reports point to the dramatic effects
FTIs exert on cancer cells. In addition to inhibiting anchorage-independent growth, FTIs cause changes in the cell cycle either
at the G1/S or at the G2/M phase. Furthermore, induction of apoptosis by FTIs has been reported. FTIs also affects the actin
cytoskeleton and cell morphology. This review summarizes these reports and discusses implications for farnesylated proteins
responsible for these FTI effects.
Received 17 April 2001; received after revision 28 May 2001; accepted 28 May 2001 相似文献
8.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV), a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus of the Flaviviridae family, is a major cause of chronic
hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. Its RNA is difficult to study because biological materials
are scarce and RNA replication is of low efficiency. This review focuses on the structure and functions of HCV RNA along with
their biological and clinical significance. Despite the challenging characteristics of HCV, significant progress has been
made in understanding the properties of HCV RNA and developing viral replication systems toward the improvement of antiviral
therapies.
Received 15 January 2001; received after revision 2 March 2001; accepted 18 April 2001 相似文献
9.
Neurodegeneration changes in primary central nervous system neurons transfected with the Alzheimer-associated neuronal thread protein gene 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The AD7c-NTP gene is over-expressed in brains with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and increased levels of the corresponding protein
are detectable in cortical neurons, brain tissue extracts, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine beginning early in the course of
AD neurodegeneration. In the present study, we utilized a novel method to transfect post-mitotic primary neuronal cell cultures,
and demonstrated that over-expression of the AD7c-NTP gene causes cell death and neuritic sprouting, two prominent abnormalities
associated with AD. These results provide further evidence that aberrantly increas-ed AD7c-NTP expression may have a role
in AD-type neurodegeneration. In addition, we demonstrate that primary post-mitotic neurons can be efficiently transfected
with conventional recombinant plasmid DNA to evaluate the effects of gene over-expression in relevant in vitro models.
Received 31 January 2001; received after revision 31 March 2001; accepted 4 April 2001 相似文献
10.
Jägerbrink T Lexander H Palmberg C Shafqat J Sharoyko V Berggren PO Efendic S Zaitsev S Jörnvall H 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2007,64(10):1310-1316
The effects of an imidazoline compound (BL11282) on protein expression in rat pancreatic islets were investigated with a proteomic
approach. The compound increases insulin release selectively at high glucose concentrations and is therefore of interest in
type 2 diabetes. Whole cell extracts from isolated drug-treated and native pancreatic rat islets were compared after separation
by 2-D gel electrophoresis. Differentially expressed proteins were identified by mass spectrometry; 15 proteins were selectively
up-regulated and 7 selectively down-regulated in drug-treated islets. Of special interest among the differentially expressed
proteins are those involved in protein folding (Hsp60, protein disulfide isomerase, calreticulin), Ca2+ binding (calgizzarin, calcyclin and annexin I) and metabolism or signalling (pyruvate kinase, alpha enolase and protein kinase
C inhibitor 1).
Received 19 March 2007; received after revision 11 April 2007; accepted 11 April 2007 相似文献
11.
Martínez Muñoz C Post JA Verkleij AJ Verrips CT Boonstra J 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2001,58(7):990-996
Activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase is essential for cyclin D1 expression and provides a link between mitogenic
signalling and cell cycle progression. Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) activates MAP kinase; however, it is not known whether this leads to cyclin D expression. Sustained expression of cyclin
D1 and D2 was observed when Her14 fibroblasts were incu-bated with 3 mM or higher H2 O2 concentrations. Similar results were obtained when cells were incubated in the presence of serum (FCS). However, the sustained
expres-complex sion of cyclin D1 and D2 upon H2 O2 treatment was not due to the MAP kinase pathway, because MAP kinase kinase inhibitors did not inhibit cyclin D expression.
Furthermore, cyclin D1 and D2 levels remained constant even after addition of a protein synthesis inhibitor, indicating that
the effect of H2 O2 was not due to induction of protein synthesis. These results indicate that H2 O2 reversibly inhibits the ubiquitin-proteasome dependent degra-dation of cyclin D1 and D2, probably by transiently in-hibiting
ubiquitination and/or the proteasome.
Received 12 March 2001; received after revision 5 April 2001; accepted 9 April 2001 相似文献
12.
Identification of the bioactive peptide PEC-60 in brain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Norberg A Gruber S Angelucci F Renlund S Wadensten H Efendic S Ostenson CG Jörnvall H Sillard R Mathé AA 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2003,60(2):378-381
PEC-60 is a 60-residue peptide originally isolated from pig intestine. It inhibits glucose-induced insulin secretion from
perfused pancreas in a hormonal manner and also has biological activity in the immune system. PEC-60-like immunoreactive material
has been reported in catecholamine neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems, but the peptide has not been identified
from that material. We have now isolated PEC-60 from pig and rat brains with a method that combines column purification procedures
with the specificity of a radioimmunoassay and the sensitivity of mass spectrometry to directly identify the peptide. The
results show that PEC-60, like many other peptides, is expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and the central nervous system.
The specific regional brain distribution and interaction with classical neurotransmitters raise the possibility that PEC-60may
play a role in the central nervous system disorders involving dopamine dysregulation.
Received 6 December 2002; received after revision 10 December 2002; accepted 11 December 2002
RID="*"
ID="*"Corresponding author. 相似文献
13.
J. Schaller U. Kämpfer S. Schürch L. Kuhn-Nentwig S. Haeberli W. Nentwig 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2001,58(10):1538-1545
CSTX-9 (68 residues, 7530.9 Da) is one of the most abundant toxic polypeptides in the venom of the wandering spider Cupiennius salei. The amino acid sequence was determined by Edman degradation using reduced and alkylated CSTX-9 and peptides generated by
cleavages with endoproteinase Asp-N and trypsin, respectively. Sequence comparison with CSTX-1, the most abundant and the
most toxic polypeptide in the crude spider venom, revealed a high degree of similarity (53% identity). By means of limited
proteolysis with immobilised trypsin and RP-HPLC, the cystine-containing peptides of CSTX-9 were isolated and the disulphide
bridges were assigned by amino acid analysis, Edman degradation and nanospray tandem mass spectrometry. The four disulphide
bonds present in CSTX-9 are arranged in the following pattern: 1-4, 2-5, 3-8 and 6-7 (Cys6-Cys21, Cys13-Cys30, Cys20-Cys48, Cys32-Cys46). Sequence comparison of CSTX-1 with CSTX-9 clearly indicates the same disulphide bridge pattern, which is also found in
other spider polypeptide toxins, e.g. agatoxins (ω-AGA-IVA, ω-AGA-IVB, μ-AGA-I and μ-AGA-VI) from Agelenopsis aperta, SNX-325 from Segestria florentina and curtatoxins (CT-I, CT-II and CT-III) from Hololena curta. CSTX-1/CSTX-9 belong to the family of ion channel toxins containing the inhibitor cystine knot structural motif. CSTX-9,
lacking the lysine-rich C-terminal tail of CSTX-1, exhibits a ninefold lower toxicity to Drosophila melanogaster than CSTX-1. This is in accordance with previous observations of CSTX-2a and CSTX-2b, two truncated forms of CSTX-1 which,
like CSTX-9, also lack the C-terminal lysine-rich tail.
Received 23 July 2001; accepted 31 July 2001 相似文献
14.
Izaurralde E 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2001,58(8):1105-1112
The distinguishing feature of eukaryotic cells is the segregation of RNA biogenesis and DNA replication in the nucleus, separate
from the cytoplasmic machinery for protein synthesis. As a consequence, messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and all cytoplasmic RNAs from
nuclear origin need to be transported from their site of synthesis in the nucleus to their final cytoplasmic destination.
Nuclear export occurs through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) and is mediated by saturable transport receptors, which shuttle
between the nucleus and cytoplasm. The past years have seen great progress in the characterization of the mRNA export pathway
and the identification of proteins involved in this process. A novel family of nuclear export receptors (the NXF family),
distinct from the well-characterized family of importin β-like proteins, has been implicated in the export of mRNA to the cytoplasm.
Received 23 January 2001; received after revision 12 April 2001; accepted 12 April 2001 相似文献
15.
K. Hegyi A.K. Fülöp S. Tóth E. Buzás T. Watanabe H. Ohtsu A. Ichikawa A. Nagy A. Falus 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2001,58(5-6):850-854
Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) synthesizes endogenous histamine from histidine in mammals. HDC- deficient mice (HDC-/-), if
kept on a histamine-free diet, have no histamine in their tissues. HDC-/- mice show multiple phenotypes. In this study we
show that both the constitutively expressed and turpentine-induced level of an acute-phase protein, haptoglobin, is significantly
lower in the serum of HDC-/- mice compared to that of wild-type animals. This effect was abolished if HDC gene-targeted mice
received histamine-rich food. No differences were found when lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce the acute-phase reaction.
Using specific antibodies to phosphorylated tyrosine, we showed that protein tyrosine phosphorylation (Y-P) of ~50- and 26-
to 27-kDa liver proteins is significantly decreased in HDC-/- mice, but that the difference was largely diminished if the
animals were kept on a histamine-rich diet, suggesting that the phenotype with lower haptoglobin production is diet inducible.
Upon in vivo treatment with LPS, Y-P band intensity decreased, regardless of the presence or absence of histamine. Identification
of elements of the signalling pathway with decreased phosphorylation may elucidate the molecular background of the effect
of endogenous histamine in the hepatic acute-phase reaction.
Received 14 February 2001; received after revision 28 March 2001; accepted 4 April 2001 相似文献
16.
Lisowska E 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2002,59(3):445-455
Glycosylation of proteins is a common event and contributes to protein antigenic properties. Most data have been obtained
from model studies on glycoprotens with well-defined structure or synthetic glycopeptides and their respective monoclonal
antibodies. Antibodies raised against glycoprotein antigens may be specific for their carbohydrate units which are recognized
irrespective of the protein carrier (carbohydrate epitopes), or in the context of the adjacent amino acid residues (glycopeptidic
epitopes). Conformation or proper exposure of peptidic epitopes of glycoproteins is also frequently modulated by glycosylation
due to intramolecular carbohydrate-protein interactions. The effects of glycosylation are broad: glycosylation may 'inactivate'
the peptidic epitope or may be required for its reactivity with the antibody, depending on the structure of the antigenic
site and antibody fine specificity. Evidence is increasing that similar effects of glycosylation pertain to T cell-dependent
cellular immune responses. Glycosylated peptides can be bound and presented by MHC class I or II molecules and elicit glycopeptide-specific
T cell clones.
Received 5 July 2001; received after revision 9 October 2001; accepted 11 October 2001 相似文献
17.
Elevated levels of butyrylcholinesterase activity occur under a number of hypertriglyceridemic conditions, including diabetes
and obesity. This study examines whether butyrylcholinesterase activity has a direct effect on triglyceride production, using
Caco-2 cells, a human intestinal adenocarcinoma cell line. Caco-2 cells were incubated with 500 μM oleate to stimulate triglyceride
production, and butyrylcholinesterase activity was measured in the cellular homogenate. Butyrylcholinesterase activity was
approximately 3 × 10-3 mmol/min per milligram protein. Although triglyceride production increased by almost five-fold after 18 h of stimulation
with oleate, butyrylcholinesterase activity was not increased. Furthermore, inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase activity using
1 mM tetraisopropylpyrophosphoramide did not significantly affect triglyceride production or secretion. Human insulin (100
μU/ml) increased the production of butyrylcholinesterase without increasing triglyceride production. This demonstrates that
stimulation of fatty acid production and butyrylcholinesterase activity occur by independent mechanisms and suggests that
their correlation in hyperlipidemic conditions is not due to a direct relationship in production in situ.
Received 23 April 2001; received after revision 25 May 2001; accepted 20 June 2001 相似文献
18.
Recent advances in mammalian RNA editing 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
C. M. Niswender 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》1998,54(9):946-964
19.
Molecular paleontology 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Molecular paleontology, i.e., the recovery of DNA from ancient human, animal, and plant remains is an innovative research
field that has received progressively more attention from the scientific community since the 1980s. In the last decade, the
field was punctuated by claims which aroused great interest but eventually turned out to be fakes - the most famous being
the sequence of dinosaur DNA later shown to be of human origin. At present, the discipline is characterized by some certainties
and many doubts. We know, for example, that we have reasonable chances to recover authentic DNA from a mammoth carcass, while
our chances are negligible (or nonexistent) in the case of a dynastic mummy from Egypt. On the other hand, though we are developing
convincing models of DNA decay in bone, we are not yet able to predict whether a certain paleontological or archeological
site will yield material amenable to DNA analysis. This article reviews some of the most important and promising investigations
using molecular paleontology approaches, such as studies on the conservation of DNA in human bone, the quest for ancient DNA
in permafrost-frozen fauna, the Tyrolean iceman, and the Neandertals.
Received 5 April 2001; received after revision 5 July 2001; accepted 5 July 2001 相似文献
20.
R.C. May 《Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS》2001,58(11):1607-1626
In recent years the Arp2/3 complex has emerged as a central regulator of actin dynamics, assembling and cross-linking actin
filaments to produce a diverse array of cellular structures. Here I discuss our current state of knowledge about this actin-remodelling
machine. The predicted structure of the Arp2/3 complex can be directly correlated with its ability to nucleate, cap and cross-link
actin filaments. A growing family of Arp2/3 complex activators such as the WASP family, type I myosins, and the newly identified
activators cortactin and Abp1p tightly regulate this activity within the cell. Localised activation of the Arp2/3 complex
produces structures such as lamellipodia or actin patches via a process termed dendritic nucleation. Furthermore, several
pathogenic microorganisms have evolved strategies to 'hijack' the Arp2/3 complex to their own advantage. Finally, I discuss
some of the questions which remain unanswered about this fascinating complex.
Received 2 April 2001; received after revision 15 May 2001; accepted 18 May 2001 相似文献