钼合金表面MoSi2涂层的制备工艺和形成机理

采用包埋渗硅法在钼合金表面上制备MoSi2涂层,研究粉料成分、粒度和反应时间对涂层厚度的影响,分析MoSi2涂层的形成机理。研究结果表明:随着粉料中硅粉和活化剂粉末含量的增加,涂层的厚度呈现先增加后降低趋势;粉料中活化剂的质量分数为10%时,能够制备厚度为130μm的涂层;高能球磨能够提高粉末的表面活性,促进涂层生长,球磨30 h的硅粉粉料在高温下渗硅15 h后,涂层厚度能够达到160μm。MoSi2涂层的生长受扩散反应过程控制,形成的涂层包括2层:外层为MoSi2层,内层为Mo5Si3过渡层。     

包渗法制备硅化物涂层的结构形貌及形成机理

采用包渗法在C-103 铌合金基体上制备MoSi2 涂层,通过X 射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱分析等手段研究涂层表面、截面形貌以及氧化后涂层结构变化,并分析硅化过程中涂层的形成机理.研究结果表明包渗法制备硅化物涂层是通过反应扩散形成的,硅化过程服从抛物线规律;该涂层为复合结构MoSi2 相为主体层;以NbSi2相为主、并含少量Nb5Si3 相的两相为过渡区;Nb5Si3 相为扩散层.在高温氧化环境下,涂层表面生成致密的非晶氧化层,有效地阻止了氧向涂层内扩散.     

Si3N4的结构状态对放电等离子烧结制备Sialon陶瓷的影响

以纳米非晶-Si3N4、微米α-Si3N4、微米AlN、纳米Al2O3和纳米Y2O3为初始原料,采用放电等离子烧结工艺制备了Sialon陶瓷。通过调整配方中Si3N4对应原料的种类,研究了不同结构的Si3N4对合成Sialon陶瓷的影响。通过XRD和SEM对试样的物相和显微结构进行了表征,同时测试了试样的体积密度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性和维氏硬度。实验结果表明,配方中的Si3N4全部采用α-Si3N4,经SPS烧结后可获得α/β-Sialon陶瓷,当用纳米非晶-Si3N4逐步替换α-Si3N4时,所合成的Sialon陶瓷中的α-Sialon晶相的相对含量减少;当全部采用纳米非晶-Si3N4时,则试样中仅含有β-Sialon相。     

N80钢/SiO2基涂层/油井水泥石的界面特征研究

为了提高固井一界面的胶结强度,采用热化学反应法在N80钢制套管钢基体上制备SiO2基陶瓷涂层作为套管和水泥石之间的过渡层。通过X射线衍射结构分析、扫描电子显微镜和体视显微镜形貌观察以及划痕仪涂层结合力测试,研究了N80钢/SiO2基涂层/油井水泥石的界面微观结构特征和结合行为。结果表明,陶瓷涂层内部和陶瓷涂层/水泥石界面分别产生了新相MgAl2O4和Ca54MgAl2Si16O90;陶瓷涂层与钢基体结合力的临界载荷在40 N左右,陶瓷涂层的制备起到了提高套管与水泥石结合强度的作用。     

稀土-WSi2/MoSi2复合材料的合成与性能

通过X射线衍射,分析讨论了机械合金化和高温自蔓延方法合成稀土-WSi2/MoSi2复合材料粉末过程中的相变化;比较了MoSi2、WSi2/MoSi2和稀土-WSi2/MoSi2等3种材料的性能.结果表明:高温自蔓延合成方法比机械合金化合成方法更合适于合成稀土-WSi2/MoSi2复合材料粉末;采用SHS合成 球磨的工艺可获得高致密的复合材料.机械合金化合成稀土-WSi2/MoSi2复合材料粉末过程中, Mo、W、Si相遵循Mo(W)固溶体、Si固溶于Mo(W)、WSi2/MoSi2相的形成规律;且随着稀土含量的增加,合金化过程延迟.复合添加稀土和WSi2比单一添WSi2对基体MoSi2具有更好有综合强韧化作用.图4,表1,参16.     

C/C基体上ZrB2/SiC复合涂层的抗烧蚀性增强方法

研究高压热流场景下，在碳/碳(C/C)基体表面Zr B2/Si C复合涂层的抗烧蚀性增强方法.在等离子体喷涂Zr B2/Si C复合涂层表面，采用CH3Si Cl3–H2–Ar系统，化学气相沉积(CVD)–Si C密封层.对Zr B2/Si C涂层与CVD–Si C密封层的结构演化、烧蚀性能与烧蚀机理进行了研究.结果表明：CVD–Si C密封层增强的Zr B2/Si C复合涂层经过两个600 s循环烧蚀后，仍然具备抗烧蚀性能，表面CVD–Si C由β相向α相转化.CVD–Si C密封层填充了等离子喷涂Zr B2/Si C复合涂层的空隙，限制了氧沿着涂层裂纹和孔洞向C/C基体扩散，进而提高了抗烧蚀性.     

两步包埋法制备C/C复合材料SiC/Cr-Al-Si涂层研究

采用两步包埋法在碳/碳复合材料表面制备了SiC/Cr-Al-Si涂层.采用XRD、SEM和EDS分析了涂层的物相组成、微观结构及断面元素分布,测试了双涂层碳/碳复合材料试样在1 500℃静态空气中的抗氧化性能.结果表明:SiC/Cr-Al-Si涂层主要由SiC、AlCr2Si及Al4Si2C三相组成,厚度约为120μm,无穿透性裂纹;与一步包埋法所得SiC涂层相比,SiC/Cr-Al-Si涂层碳/碳复合材料试样的抗氧化性能有所提高,该涂层试样氧化12 h后的失重不超过5%.两步包埋法所得SiC/Cr-Al-Si涂层表面存在微裂纹,并且包埋过程易于使Cr-Al-Si合金成分扩散到SiC涂层内部,从而无法形成内SiC涂层、外Cr-Al-Si涂层的双层涂层结构,降低了Cr-Al-Si合金涂层对C/C复合材料基体的高温氧化保护效果.     

MoSi2／Si3N4叠层复合材料的制备及结构表征

以金属间化合物MoSi2为基体,Si3N4为夹层材料,采用常压烧结法制备MoSi2/Si3N4叠层复合材料.通过SEM、XRD、EPMA等对其结构与性能进行分析.结果表明,所制备的叠层复合材料,其界面结合紧密,相容性好;界面处有相互扩散,无不良反应;低温韧性有所改善.     

MoSi2低温氧化动力学研究

通过热重量分析法测定了MoSi2在低温下氧化不同时间后的重量变化,并根据曲线拟合分析了MoSi2的低温氧化过程.结果表明在500℃时MoSi2材料的氧化过程受扩散和反应双重影响,氧化速率呈阶段式变化先主要受扩散控制,氧化增重与时间呈指数关系;随后反应成为主要控制因素,氧化增重与时间呈线性关系;如此反复,表现出比400℃和600℃时快得多的氧化速率.在400℃、600℃时MoSi2的氧化速率主要取决于氧化反应,且与反应进行的时间呈线性关系,氧化144h后因钝化质量维持不变.图3,表1,参7.     

Si3N4/AlN对Sialon/刚玉复合材料组织和性能的影响

以棕刚玉,Al,Si,Al2O3为原料,利用一步工艺合成了Sialon/刚玉复合材料·研究了Si3N4/AlN复合添加剂对复合材料组织、性能以及复合材料中N含量的影响·研究结果表明:材料中N含量随着Si3N4/AlN复合添加剂的增加而增加,材料的强度随着Si3N4/AlN复合添加剂的增加呈现出先升高后降低的变化趋势;当氮化温度超过1330℃,氮化时间超过8h后,添加Si3N4/AlN的材料中N含量基本上达到饱和值,添加Si3N4/AlN可以降低Sialon相的合成温度;1230～1280℃是一个重要的前期氮化温度,添加Si3N4/AlN的材料在该温度可完成整个氮化反应的94 2%,早期对Al,...     

CrN/Cr涂层对Ti22Al26Nb合金的高温防护研究

采用电弧离子镀技术在O相Ti22Al26Nb合金表面镀覆CrN以及CrN/Cr涂层并研究了其在800和900℃空气中的等温氧化行为,结果显示O相钛合金表面施加单一的CrN涂层后,涂层表面在氧化时形成了保护性的氧化膜Cr2O3层,因此合金受到了良好的高温防护,但是涂层和基体合金之间发生了明显的互扩散;在CrN涂层和钛合金基体之间施加纯Cr扩散障层后形成的CrN/Cr涂层,其表面除了象单一CrN涂层那样氧化后形成了一层连续、致密、结合良好的保护性氧化膜Cr2O3层外,还能有效的抑制涂层与基体合金之间的互扩散,此外扩散障Cr层的存在使得靠近其基体的晶粒也出现了长大现象。     

Oxidation and interdiffusion behavior of a germanium-modified silicide coating on an Nb-Si-based alloy

To investigate the interdiffusion behavior of Ge-modified silicide coatings on an Nb-Si-based alloy substrate, the coating was oxidized at 1250℃ for 5, 10, 20, 50, or 100 h. The interfacial diffusion between the (Nb,X)(Si,Ge)₂ (X=Ti, Cr, Hf) coating and the Nb-Si based alloy was also examined. The transitional layer is composed of (Ti,Nb)₅(Si,Ge)₄ and a small amount of (Nb,X)₅(Si,Ge)₃. With increasing oxidation time, the thickness of the transitional layer increases because of the diffusion of Si from the outer layer to the substrate, which obeys a parabolic rate law. The parabolic growth rate constant of the transitional layer under oxidation conditions is 2.018 μm·h-1/2. Moreover, the interdiffusion coefficients of Si in the transitional layer were determined from the interdiffusion fluxes calculated directly from experimental concentration profiles.     

SiO2-B2O3-ZrO2陶瓷涂层的制备及性能

采用料浆法以水玻璃为粘结剂在不锈钢基体表面制备了主要组成为SiO₂-B₂O₃-ZrO₂的陶瓷涂层。利用XRD、TG-DTA、SEM分析了陶瓷涂层的相组成及显微组织，并测试了涂层的抗热震性能和显微硬度。结果表明，当陶瓷骨料(g)与水玻璃(mL)的比例为1∶20时,在850℃下保温30min可得到结构致密的陶瓷涂层；在800℃下涂层经热震31次无裂纹，无脱落，表面显微硬度达到456.8MPa；所制备的陶瓷涂层与不锈钢基体之间不仅有机械物理的嵌合，还存在元素扩散，涂层与基体密着性好，结合紧密。     

High-temperature oxidation resistance of ceramic coatings on titanium alloy by micro-arc oxidation in aluminate solution

Ceramic coatings with aluminum titanuate (Al₂TiO₅) were prepared on Ti–6Al–4V alloy using pulsed bi-polar Micro-arc Oxidation (MAO). The micromorphology and phase composition of the micro-arc-oxidition ceramic coatings on the titanium alloy were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. The results revealed that the distinct discharge channels and pores on the surface of the micro-arc-oxidition coatings appeared, and these channels were connected in the molten state. The electrolyte concentration was inversely proportional to the coating hardness; additionally, the coating prepared with sodium aluminate and sodium hypophosphite concentrations of 4 ?g/L and 0.5 ?g/L, respectively, was the most refined after high-temperature sintering, and it was demonstrated to better prevent oxidation. Increasing the electrolyte concentration coincided with fluctuating coating thermal shock resistance. The thermal shock resistance of the coating respectively prepared with sodium aluminate, and the sodium hypophosphite concentrations of 4 ?g/L and 0.5 ?g/L was the highest. Additionally, the high-concentration coatings performed significantly better than the low-concentration coatings. The oxidation resistance of the coating samples was also significantly higher than that of the TC4 titanium alloy substrate. The adhesion strength between the coatings and the substrate with and without the sealing treatment was measured by tensile tests. Then, the high-temperature oxidation performance of the coating samples with and without the sealing treatment was investigated by conducting a high-temperature oxidation experiment at a calcinating temperature of 500 ?°C. The results indicate that the adhesion strength between the coatings and substrate was high for the as-prepared and sealed micro-arc oxidation samples regardless of whether they were calcined. The high-temperature oxidation mass increase curves for the sealed and unsealed coating samples calcined at 500 ?°C for 500 ?h revealed that the high-temperature-oxidation-induced mass increase of the coating samples sealed with a sodium silicate solution was much lower than that of the titanium alloy substrate. Thus, the sealing treatment significantly improved the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the TC4 titanium alloy. Lastly, the high-temperature oxidation behavior at 500 ?°C was analyzed and discussed.     

粘结剂对C/C复合材料 抗氧化涂层性能的影响

通过对几种粘结剂对飞机刹车副用C/C复合材料抗氧化涂层的抗氧化性能的影响规律及其作用机理的研究,发现不同的粘结剂对涂层最终抗氧化性能有很大的影响,其中以硅溶胶及磷酸盐为粘结剂的涂层具有良好的抗氧化性能,二者各自在一定温度范围内有最佳的抗氧化效果．在900℃,4h静态氧化试验时最佳抗氧化效果是以硅溶胶作为粘结剂的试样,样品失重率不超过1%(质量分数);而在700℃,4h时以磷酸盐为粘结剂的试样,其静态氧化失重率不超过0.37%(质量分数);在试验中涂层保持完整,表明涂层具有较好的抗热震性能．     

沉积温度对NbN膜层微观结构的影响

利用有磁过滤器的等离子体沉积装置,在不同温度的Si基底上沉积氮化铌（NbN）薄膜,通过XRD,XPS,SEM等分析,研究了NbN薄的表面表貌与微观结构跟温度的关系,发现沉积温度对掺优取向有较强的影响：从室温到约300℃得到的薄膜在（220）峰表现出很强的择优取向,500℃（220）峰变得很弱,（200）峰表现出择优取向,但不明显,同时,膜层中N和Nb的原子比先随温度的升高而升高,后稍有降低,温度升高,δ-NbN的晶粒变大,室温到300℃很难得到完整的NbN膜,而在500℃得以的薄膜完整且光滑,膜层中得到单一的δ-NbN相。     

纳米Si3N4对反应烧结Si3N4结合SiC材料的影响

利用反应烧结机制 ,在 14 5 0℃制备了 Si3N4结合 Si C材料 ,研究表明 ,在引入微量纳米 Si3N4粉后 ,材料的力学性能得到明显提高 ,材料的组织也更加致密和均匀。通过 X-ary、扫描电镜等技术手段分析表明 ,由于纳米 Si3N4粉的高表面能、高活性以及颗粒小等特点 ,加大了反应生成的 Si3N4在纳米 Si3N4上沉积的几率 ,增大了氮化率 ,效果显著     

Vapor phase codeposition of Cr and Si on Nb-base in situ composites by pack cementation process

In order to identify suitable halide activators and pack compositions for codepositing Cr and Si to form diffusion coatings on Nb-base in situ composites by the pack cementation process, thermochemical calculation was taken to analyze the vapor pressure of halide species generated at high temperatures. NH4Cl, NaF and CrCl3·6H2O were selected as the halide salts. The results of thermochemical calculations suggested that the pack powder mixtures, which contained Cr, Si, halide salts and Al2O3, may be activated by NH4Cl and NaF. According to the thermochemical calculations, the pack powder mixture of 12Cr-6Si-5NH4Cl-77Al2O3 (wt%) activated by NH4Cl was formulated and coating deposition experiments were carried out at 1200 and 1300℃. With adequate control of pack compositions and deposition conditions, it was found that codeposition of Cr and Si could indeed be achieved at these temperatures. The coating has a three-layer structure, of which was mainly composed of Cr2(Nb,X) (X represents Ti and Hf elements), Nb5Si3 and (Nb,Cr)3Si. Then the kinetics of coating growth process affected by temperature was studied. The experimental results of the oxidation showed that the coating can efficiently prevent substrate from oxidizing.