基于射线跟踪法的隧道无线信道特性

城市地下轨道交通的隧道环境与地上环境的移动通信有显著不同,为发展应用于隧道环境中的无线通信系统,需要对隧道中的无线信道特性进行研究.本文使用射线跟踪法对隧道环境无线信道进行仿真,并将仿真结果与实际测量结果进行对比,对比结果表明:基于射线跟踪法的信道模型,能够较准确地预测隧道中的大尺度衰落和信道冲激响应等信道特性.在此基础上,又对隧道中的MIMO(多输入多输出天线)系统信道特性进行仿真,仿真结果得出结论:隧道环境中MIMO空间相关度在天线阵列方向上显示出波动性,波动周期与传播信号的波长成正比.     

地铁隧道环境下2.4 GHz频段路径损耗特性

基于射线跟踪法建立地铁隧道环境下2.4GHz频段的无线信道模型,分析此场景下断面类型、收发位置、断面面积和天线极化对路径损耗特性的影响,为系统设计提供参考.     

一种改进的SBR射线跟踪信道仿真方法

针对传统入射及反弹射线跟踪算法(Shooting and Bouncing Ray tracing,SBR)中接收球半径通常难以准确确定导致信道仿真出现"射线泄露"或"射线重叠"的问题,提出了一种基于场景认知的改进方法.利用人工神经网络动态调整接收球半径,进而提升射线跟踪算法的信道仿真精度.针对收发端为大规模阵列天线时,SBR仿真时间较长的问题,提出了基于天线方向图的发射方法,用以提高使用大规模天线时的信道仿真效率.将改进的SBR信道仿真与基于传统SBR信道仿真和实测结果进行对比,结果表明:针对单天线,使用本文方法仿真获取的单天线路径损耗均方根误差为2.6 dB,误差小于传统的SBR信道仿真;针对大规模阵列天线仿真,使用本文方法进行接收功率单次仿真的平均时间比传统SBR仿真节省了97％.     

基于转发节点的无线体域网动态信道研究

无线体域网(wireless body area network,WBAN)的信道特性对于传输速率、传输质量以及连接鲁棒性有很大影响.当前的研究主要是假设人体处于理想状态(静止状态)时的信道特性,这与实际情况中的动态信道不相符合,理想状态下的信道特性也不能反映人体真实的信道特性.为了使WBAN的研究能够更好地应用于实践,建立了步行和跑步两态三维成年男性的人体动态模型,在人体不同部位部署传感器节点模拟无线信道,并在适当部位引入转发节点,在2.4 GHz时计算对比不加转发节点和加入转发节点对动态信道特性的影响.仿真结果显示,人体姿势变化对无线信道特性有很大影响,姿势变化幅度越大对信道特性的影响越大;基于转发节点的信道路径损耗要小于未进行转发的信道路径损耗,合理部署转发节点的位置能极大改善人体处于动态环境下的信道特性,提高通信可靠性.     

矿井UWB路径损耗模型的构建及仿真

采用射线反射模型预测电波传播损耗,建立了矿井超宽带路径损耗模型,并进行了仿真验证。首先对适合窄带信道的射线反射模型进行了分析和仿真,然后结合超宽带信道的频率依赖特点,对射线反射模型进行了修正,建立了矿井UWB路径损耗预测的镜像法反射模型,并对实际UWB测量矿井环境进行了传播损耗预测,将预测结果进行了最小二乘法参量拟合,得到了与测量结果相符的路径损耗指数,验证了预测结果的正确性。     

3.5 GHz频段城市环境路径损耗特性研究

应用一种基于入射和反弹射线法(shooting-and-bouncing ray, SBR)以及一致性绕射理论(uniform theory of diffraction,UTD)的射线跟踪方法,主要研究了在3.5 GHz频段上发射天线的高度、位置等对城市环境中路径损耗特性的影响。应用SBR实现从发射天线到接收点的射线查找,然后应用UTD计算与每条射线相关的复电场,研究发现,在3.5 GHz频段上,路径损耗特性对发射天线的高度不敏感,而在这一频段改变发射天线的位置会引起路径损耗特性产生很大的改变。对实测值和仿真值进行了比较,比较显示实测值和仿真值吻合得较好,这说明应用基于SBR/UTD的射线跟踪法可以有效预测城市环境中的路径损耗特性。     

矩形隧道中电波传播特性预测

电波传播特性预测是无线电系统设计的基础,其中路径损耗特性关系到系统覆盖范围,决定系统布局,时延特性决定数字通信系统的最大数据传输速率.提出一种预测矩形隧道中电波传播特性的方法,该方法可以通过几何光学原理精确地计算出由发射天线到达接收天线的电波主要路径,避免了复杂度很高的射线跟踪过程,使传统预测方法的计算复杂度大大降低.仿真结果表明：该模型对电波传播的路径损耗预测精度不低于传统的射线跟踪方法;隧道环境中收发天线相距越近,其接收的多径信号的平均时延扩散与均方根（root mean square, RMS）时延扩散越大;隧道截面积越大,其接收的多径信号的平均时延扩散与RMS时延扩散越大.     

受限空间无线传输信道建模研究

本文研究以矿井隧道为代表的受限空间无线信道,通过对无线信号在井下传输特性分析,并以电磁波在矩形隧道反射传输规律为理论基础,建立一种更加贴合矿井无线信号传输特性的信道模型,并利用System View对建立的模型进行信道仿真与模拟验证。实验证明,本文所提出的受限空间无线信道模型,可以为矿井隧道数字无线通信系统的设计与理论研究提供指导。     

金属矿井超宽带无线传感器网络路径损耗模型的研究

路径损耗模型对于分析无线信道的可用性具有重要意义,而信号的传播环境是影响无线通信系统性能的关键因素之一.结合电磁波的传播理论,在分析电磁波在金属矿井下传输时所存在的固有损耗与附加损耗的基础上,建立了矿井超宽带无线传感器网络路径损耗模型,并进行了仿真验证.结果表明,该模型能够较准确地预测出无线信号在金属矿井下传输情况,对于无线网络的规划等具有重要的指导作用.     

CBTC无线链路预算及轨旁无线接入点数量的分析

无线信道的电波传播特性与电波传播环境密切相关.根据无线信道的传播特性和电波传播方式建立恰当的传播模型,准确地对传播损耗做出预测.同时,无线信道与有线信道的不同,在于周围信源与信宿之间的物理环境对无线通信系统的性能有很大的影响.因而,在设计一个无线系统之前,需要对电波的覆盖和环境进行细致的规划和预测.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.