具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

“真”、“很”、“太”的多角度分析

副词“真”、“很”、“太”在语义上都有表示程度高的意思,但是三者在语义特征及语法功能上还是存在许多差异。文章从语义内涵、组合能力和语用功能等几个方面进行分析,以期为对外汉语教学者提供一些参考。     

“司马牛之叹”是“叹”还是“怨”

语言是文化的载体,尤其是文学作品中文化意象的使用包含着更为广阔、更为深沉的内涵,这就要求译者不但要译出原作的语义信息,而且还要译出原作内在的文化信息。通过对比分析霍克斯及杨宪益、戴乃迭对"司马牛之叹"中"叹"字的不同翻译方法,说明译者只有正确理解原语词义及其文化意蕴,才能更加全面、准确地传达文本及其蕴含的文化信息。     

直觉模糊逻辑"与"、"或"算子的研究

在直觉模糊集定义及模糊逻辑“与”、“或”算子的基础上 ,利用 F -格的序关系 ,研究了直觉模糊逻辑“与”、“或”算子 .给出了直觉模糊逻辑 t-范及 t-余范的定义 ,同时给出了两种新型直觉模糊逻辑“与”、“或”算子 ,探讨了直觉模糊逻辑“与”、“或”算子的 t-范及 t-余范所具有的性质 .拓广了模糊逻辑中关于生成子的概念 ,给出了阿基米德直觉t-范及 t-余范的表现定理 ,并对不同算子分别进行了研究 .     

《文选》与《玉台新咏》

南朝梁时，萧统、萧纲兄弟分别主持编纂了《选》和《玉台新咏》。论对其编撰目的和体例、作家作品录情况、各自的学观和对后世的影响，一一进行了比较研究，从而见出它们的价值与得失。     

从“shillings”到“铜子儿”——论英若诚译《芭芭拉少校》的动态表演性原则

本文通过分析动态表演性原则在英若诚先生所译的《芭芭拉少校》中习语、活句、文化转换、称谓等方面的应用来论证这一原则在戏剧翻译中的可行性。     

历史上的“中国”、“华夏”与“中华”、“中华民族”之关联

历史上的＂中国＂与现代意义上的＂中国＂在内涵、层次上有所不同。在中国历史语境中,＂华夏＂既可指称古代族群或民族,也可表示一种文化或文明的载体。从历史上的＂中国＂、＂华夏＂到＂中华＂乃至现今＂中华民族＂的发展演变,＂中华＂一词与时俱进,不断地被赋予新的内涵。中华民族的民族过程比中国已经识别的56个民族实体发展缓慢,至今仍然属于＂想象的共同体＂。     

《左传》所载"因""报""烝"考辨

就《左传》的记载来看,“因”并非一种婚姻关系,而“报”并不见容于春秋时期的宗法制度。“烝”是在婚姻伦理形成之初,在宗法制度可以容忍的范围内的一种事实婚姻。它既非群婚或转房婚的遗迹,亦不同于周边少数民族的收继婚。对于这种事实婚姻,不同地区、不同的人所持的态度是不同的,既非毫不犹豫的承认,亦非旗帜鲜明的反对。这种情况反映了春秋早期贵族阶层婚姻伦理的相对混乱状态。     

消费需求中的"NEEDS"与"WANTS"

在英文中，消费需求包括“Needs”和“Wants”，有人把它们分别译为“需求”或“欲望”，“需要”和“想要”，也有人用“生理需要”和“心理需要”，或“物质需要”与“精神需要”来区分，从意义上讲，这些表述都是有道理的，但从“Needs”和“Wants（也有人用‘desires'）”的定义和表述的简洁来讲，本人更愿意把它们表述为“需求”和“欲求”，即消费者“求其所需”和“求其所欲”的意思，从消费需求的发展来看，二者的区别越来越小，甚至可以互换使用；所以，通常情况下，我们只使用“消费需求”这一概念，而不再对二者进行严格的区分。     

“网络成瘾”与信息“节食”

“互联网成瘾症”(IAD)在全球网民(尤其是青少年网民)当中迅速蔓延,社会危害性极强,备受社会学和心理学家们的广泛关注,本文从网络成瘾概念的界定出发,介绍了网络成瘾的临床鉴定和基本类型,剖析了网络成瘾的心理成因,建议网民们要解除网瘾,进行信息“节食”,最后对青少年沉缅于网络游戏这一社会问题提出了治理对策。     

浅议“中国制造”“中国创造”与“中国设计”

分析了中国制造业的现状以及与世界制造业的差距,指出中国的设计师应＂为中国制造而设计＂,从而使＂中国制造＂走向＂中国设计＂,最终实现＂中国创造＂。