Dawson结构钨磷酸盐纳米粒子的室温固相合成与表征

采用室温固相反应法合成了(NH4)6P2W18O62·12H2O纳米粒子.通过元素分析、红外光谱分析、X射线衍射、透射电镜等对其进行了表征.结果表明,制备的纳米粒子仍保留着杂多阴离子的Dawson结构,具有Dawson结构的特征衍射峰.制备的粉体粒子平均粒径为32nm.用此方法合成多金属氧酸盐的纳米粒子,避免了产生大量反应液而造成的环境污染,优于其他方法.     

一种新型短波长光吸收纳米复合材料的合成与表征

提出了一种具有包覆共掺杂结构的金属纳米粒子偶氮染料复合物(metallic nanoparticles azo—dye compound，简写为MNPADC)纳米复合材料合成的新方法．用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描探针显微镜(SPM)、紫外一可见分光光度计(UV—Vis)和热重分析仪(TGA)表征了复合材料的物理性能，分析了其吸收蓝移及热稳定性提高的机理．结果表明，该材料在400～450nm蓝紫波段具有良好的吸收强度和热稳定性，可望作为与GaN半导体激光器匹配的新型光记录介质，为短波长光存储材料的合成提供有效途径．     

硬脂酸修饰磷钼酸铵纳米微粒的制备及表征

在溶液中采用化学方法制备了硬脂酸修饰的（NH4）3PMo12O40纳米微粒,以TEM,XRD,FTIR,TG和DSC等分析手段表征了这种纳米微粒的形貌和结构,在四球机上考察了它们的摩擦学性能,结果表明,所合成的纳米微粒平均粒径约15nm,在有机溶剂中可良好分散,在中低负荷下具有良好的抗磨性能。     

纳米氧化锌的微乳液法制备及表征

纳米ZnO可用于毛织物的后整理，使织物具有抗菌除臭、消毒、抗紫外线的功能．采用TritonX-100／正庚醇／正辛烷／盐水微乳液体系，以一定盐浓度的硝酸锌（Zn（NO3）2）水溶液（A）与碳酸钠（Na2CO3）水溶液（B），通过两个乳液混合的方法，制备出氧化锌超细微粒．并用差热分析（DTA）、透射电镜（TEM）和X射线衍射仪对其进行表征分析．实验表明，30℃时，以A型微乳液与B型微乳液通过乳液混合搅拌的反应方式制备出纳米ZnO微粒的前驱体，经80℃真空干、燥约5h后，在350℃下煅烧2h，得到了平均粒径约为10nm的超细ZnO粉末，且微粒粒径分布均匀、团聚少，多数为球状颗粒．     

开口WS2纳米管的制备与表征

在氢气与噻吩的催化还原气氛中，于400℃加热分解高能球磨后的前驱体(NH4)2WS4．用粉末X射线衍射(XRD)，扫描电子显微镜(SEM)，高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和N2吸附比表面测定(BET)对反应产物进行了分析表征．结果表明反应产物是高纯度多壁的开口WS2纳米管，其平均长度为5μm，内径约为15nm，外径约为30nm，层间距为0．62nm．对于反应过程，提出了WS2纳米管“由内向外”的生长机理．     

两种多酸基无机-有机杂化纳米材料的合成、表征与催化作用研究探讨

采用室温固相法合成了2种无机-有机杂化纳米材料,1∶12杂多酸苄基三甲基铵盐纳米微粒, (C10H16N)3[PW12O40]·5H2O (1) 和 (C10H16N)4[SiW12O40]·2H2O (2).分别用元素分析、IR、TG-DTA和TEM等对其组成、结构、颗粒大小和表面形态等进行了表征.并研究、探讨了2种材料对H2O2分解的催化作用.结果显示,2种产物的微粒仍保持Keggin结构,化合物1微粒近似为球形,化合物2微粒为棒形,平均粒径分别为60 nm和50 nm.2种季铵盐纳米微粒对H2O2分解均具有一定的催化作用.     

掺杂效应对氧化锡纳米晶微结构、形貌及其光学性能的影响

以二价SnCl2无机盐为原料，基于配合物前躯体方法制备了氧化锡及铜离子掺杂氧化锡纳米晶．根据DSC和TG分析结果在550℃对前驱体进行煅烧．运用FTIR、UV-VIS、XRD和TEM／HRTEM等测试手段对两纳米晶材料进行了分析表征．掺杂后掺杂相氧化物分散驻留在SnO2晶粒表面，阻止了SnO2晶粒表面的扩散，从而抑制其晶粒生长．此外，铜离子掺杂使得表面缺陷附近的自由电子能有效的定域化，从而使SnO2纳米晶体系的直接和间接带隙能均向高能方向移动．试验证明以无机盐代替金属醇盐为原料是切实可行的，且配合物前躯体法简单易操作，将有利于产业化．     

离聚体法制备复合纳米微粒

用碳酸稀土和马来酸酐合成马来酸稀土单体后,通过乳液聚合成功地制备了含稀土的聚苯乙烯－马来酸离聚体,在离聚体中,离子基团在碳链低极性介质中聚集,最终形成了离子簇－纳米微粒,采用透射电镜（TEM）,傅立叶红外（FTIR）及X－射线光电子能谱（XPS）等对这种纳米微粒的结构和性能进行了表征,并在四球试验机上考察了其用作润滑油添加剂的润滑性能。     

纳米级Si02负载型多金属氧酸盐复合材料的制备及表征

采用溶胶—凝胶法制备了孔径为3．2nm的SiO2载体，通过自组装技术合成了纳米级SiO2负载型多金属氧酸盐复合材料PW11Ni—APS—SiO2。经N2吸附测定、UV/DRS、FT—IR、ICP—AES检测，母体PW11Ni与被胺修饰的载体之间不是单纯的吸附，而是生成了新的化学键，很好的解决了非均相反应中，负载型多金属氧酸盐易脱落的问题。     

用纳米微粒制造结构

许多细菌和高分子都能够通过一种所谓“自组装”（self-assemble）的方式来形成它们所具有的那种特定的规则结构。现在已经知道，将两种不同材料的纳米微粒合在一起，使它们自行聚集、自行构成正确的化学结构而形成一种二元纳米微粒超晶格（Binary Nanoparticle Superlattice，BNSL），则有可能合成出各种各样成本低廉的材料。不过，能够加以制造的具有稳定结构的这种BNSL的种类，从理论上分析，数量是非常少的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that