Automatic data acquisition system and reconstruction algorithm for computerized ionospheric tomography

The design and operation features of the automatic data acquisition system for the low-latitude ionospheric tomography along the 120°E meridian are presented. The system, automatically collects the differential Doppler phase data, and GPS satellite beacon signal is simultaneously collected to achieve time synchronization of all recelvers in whole station-chain. An improved reconstruction algorithm of computerized ionospheric tomography is also proposed, in which calculating of the integral phase constant and choosing of the initial guess are integrated in the procedure of reconstruction and evaluated by the reconstructed image. Both numerical simulation examples and reconstructed results from observed data show that the new algorithm works reasonably and effectively with ionospheric CT problems. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (49584006) Biography: WU Xiong-bin (1968-), male, Ph. D candidate. Research direction: computerized ionospheric tomography.     

A study on radar cross section of the two-dimensionally fractal rough surface

The analysis of the RCS from the rough sea and ground surface is made. The two-dimensionally band-limited fractal function is used to model the sea and ground surface, the scattered electromagnetic field is calculated by using Kirchhoff approximation. The validity of this result is assured by some references, which indicates that the methods are reliable. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(69571021) Biography: GAO Ming-qin (1974-), Master Candidate. Research field: EM scattering.     

Storm-time ionospheric disturbances monitored by GPS beacon measurements

The Total Electron Content (TEC) during three great storms, from April to August 2000, was collected by means of a GPS receiver located in Jingzhou (30.4° N, 112.2° E). The time-latitude-dependent features of ionospheric storms are identified using TEC difference images based on the deviations of TEC during storm relative to quiet time. The responses of ionospheric TEC to magnetic storms were analyzed. The results show that: 1) In middle and low latitude, ionospheric storms effects are more apparent in local day time than at night: 2) Ionospheric storm effects are more dominant near the hump of the equatorial anomaly region than in other regions of TEC measurements; 3) The positive effects during the main phase of ionospheric storm may be caused by electric fields in low latitude; 4) During the recovery period of ionospheric storm, the negative phase of storm may be due to the perturbation of the neutral gas composition. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (49984001) Biography: Pei Xiao-hong (1977-), male, Master candidate, research direction: studying ionosphere on GPS beacons.     

Design and implementation of hardware architecture in ionospheric oblique backscattering sounding system

The ionospheric oblique backscattering sounding system can not only be used to detect the state of ionosphere and the condition of high frequency channel in real time, but also be used for over-the-horizon sounding. So, it has a very high military and civil value. For the characteristics of ionospheric oblique backscattering sounding, such as long sounding distance, wake echo, strong background noise, slow moving target, etc., a hardware platform of ionospheric oblique backscattering sounding system is designed. This platform adopts the technology of software radio and is designed as a new kind of general-purpose, modularized, software-based ionosonde that is based on VXI (Versa module eurocard eXtensions for Instrumentation) bus. At present, this hardware platform has been successfully used in actual ionospheric oblique backscattering sounding, and the experimental results demonstrate that this system can satisfy the demands of ionospheric oblique backscattering sounding preferably. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40474066)     

The EM scattering from one-dimensionally lossy fractal surfaces

The EM scattering from rough surface has been investigated in the past years. Periodic and random models are often used in modeling the rough surface. Recently, the fractal geometry is rapidly improved. It provides a new way to model the rough surface whose characteristics are long-range order and short-range disorder. In this paper, A fractal function is used to model the rough surface. A scattering coefficient for calculating the angular distribution and the amount of energy in the spectrally scattering field to the fractal characteristics of the surfaces by finding their analytical expressions is derived by using the Kirchhoff solution. In the end, we calculate some scattering patterns. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Gao Huotao: born in 1964, Graduate student     

Development of an ionospheric scintillation monitor using single frequency GPS receiver

Besides their intended use in radio navigation, global positioning system (GPS) satellite signals provide convenient radio beacons for ionospheric studies. Among other propagation phenomena, the ionosphere affects GPS signal propagation through amplitude scintillations that develop after radio waves propagation through ionospheric electron density irregularities. This paper outlines the design, testing, and results of a specialized GPS receiver to monitorL-band scintillations. The scintillation monitor system consists of a commercial GPS receiver development kit with its software designed to log signal strength and carrier phase from up to 12 channels at one sample per second rate. Other prime features of the monitor include the data compression transmission and processing. Here is the fact that they are inexpensive and compact and therefore can be readily proliferated. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49984001) Biography: Shu Di-fei (1973-), male, Master candidate, research direction: studying ionosphere on GPS beacons.     

SCTE: RCS prediction system for complex target and interaction with environment

A RCS prediction system named SCTE (Scattering from Complex Target and Environment) for calculating high-frequency electromagnetic scattering from complex target within complex environment is presented. The scattering body is described by Computer-Aided-Design (CAD) representations in which the complex body is modeled as NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-spline) surfaces. The complex environment (rough surface of sea or ground) is also carefully considered by using fractal function. Scattering fields are calculated by using physical optics and the equivalent currents methods. There is a good agreement between the present results and that from measurements which demonstrates the accuracy of this system. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Biography: CAO Qin-feng (1972-) male, Ph.D. candidate.     

高频地波雷达电离层距离方程建模及仿真

针对电离层的空间分布特征,构建了体目标和面目标的雷达距离方程.根据不规则体对高频电波的相干散射原理,估算了电离层RCS的散射系数,进而给出基于电离层物理机制的广义高频地波雷达方程,从而量化了电离层特征参数对高频雷达系统的影响.通过仿真发现,对于面散射情形,斜向散射电离层杂波符合波束限制模型,垂直向的电离层杂波符合脉冲限制模型;对于体散射,影响电离层杂波强度最主要的因素是不规则体波动幅度.     

Two methods to solve the ionospheric electron concentration horizontal gradient at Chongqing

The electron concentration horizontal gradient vector of the ionosphere and its south-north and east-west components over Chongqing station are analyzed and calculated, using the first approximation, time correlation and space correlation and another approach introduced. And then, the validity of the two methods is analyzed and compared. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (69571020) and the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (RFDP1999048602) Biography: Chong Yan-wen(1972-), male, Ph. D. candidate, research direction: ionospheric modeling and inversion.     

Preliminary results and analyses of using IGS GPS data to determine global ionospheric TEC

Using the spherical harmonic (SH) function model and the dual frequency GPS data of 139 International GPS Service (IGS) stations for July 15 of 2000, the global ionospheric total electron content (TEC) is calculated and the basic method is investigated. Here, preliminary results are reported and the problems and difficulties to be solved for using GPS data to determine the global ionospheric TEC are discussed.     

The reflective function of differential system

This article deals with the reflective function of the differential systems. The results are applied to discussion of the existence and stability of the periodic solutions of these systems. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Educational Committee (02 KJB 110009) Biography: Zhou Zheng-xin(1962-), female, Ph. D, Associate professor, research interests: ordinary differential equation.     

The Modulation of Ionospheric Alfvén Resonator on Heating HF Waves and the Doppler Effect

0　IntroductionIthasbeenwellknownthattheformationofIonosphericAlfv啨ｎＲｅｓｏｎａｔｏｒ(IAR)isforthebreakdownofgeometricop tics.ItscentralregionliesneartheheightofF regionelectrondensitypeak .Andatthetypicalheightof 30 0 0kmexiststhemaximumgradientofAlfv啨ｎｖｅｌｏｃｉｔｙ ,whichleadstothereflec tionofshearAlfv啨ｎｗａｖｅｓａｎｄｐｒｏｄｕｃｅｓｔｈｅｕｐｐｅｒｂｏｕｎｄａｒｙｏｆｔｈｅｒｅｓｏｎａｔｏｒ.Likewise,thelowerboundaryoftheresonatorformsneartheheightof 2 0 0 30 0km .Thus,she…     

Ionospheric structure in the region of East-Asian equatorial anomaly reconstructed by tomography

A chain of low latitudinal ionospheric tomography along 120°E meridian has been operating since 1993. This chain is composed of six stations from Shanghai to Manila receiving signals from the transit NNSS satellites. In this paper several reconstruction examples are presented, which give the 2-D imaging of electron density distribution obtained from the observed TEC data by means of computerized tomography technique. In reconstruction process a multi-station method was used to determine the unknown phase offset. To overcome the limitation of incomplete projection data, a technique of backprojection in combination with a normalized ionospheric model was introduced to obtain the initial guess of electron density distribution. The results demonstrate that ionospheric tomographic technology is very useful and effective to investigate the equatorial and low-latitudinal ionospheric structures and dynamics. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation, of China & the Science Fourdation of State Education Committee of China Xu Jisheng: born in Nov. 1946, Professor     

埋地复杂目标电磁散射信息的提取

作者采用混合位积分方程(MPIE)和分别基于RWG函数以及四面体元基函数的矩量法分析计算了埋地复杂目标的电磁散射问题,利用二级离散复镜像(DCIM)和广义函数束(GPOF)相结合的方法求解Sommerfeld积分,很好的解决了多层媒质中电磁散射计算中的棘手问题,其方法简练、精确、高效,数值分析结果与有关文献吻合很好,证实了该方法的正确性和通用性.此外,该文还通过计算比较了不同观察点、不同埋地深度及不同目标介质参数的电磁散射特性.     

地球局部曲率中心修正特征的讨论

GPS掩星探测技术可以探测中性大气获得全球大气折射率、气压、密度、温度和湿度等气象参数,该技术基本原理是基于信号多普勒观测和球对称大气的几何光学近似下Abel积分反演,获得大气廓线.在归算过程中,需要考虑地球曲率、电离层传播时间延迟、大气大尺度水平梯度、多路径传播现象等物理因素对大气反演廓线的精度影响.研究了在标准大气模式下地球局部曲率中心相对于地球中心位置变化并拟合其最佳逼近函数,研究成果可以为相关领域的研究提供参考.     

Elastic wave scattering by two-dimensional periodical array of cylinders

We extend the multiple-scattering theory (MST) for elastic wave scattering and propagating in two-dimensional composite. The formalism for the band structure calculation is presented by taking into account the full vector character of the elastic wave. As a demonstration of application of the formalism we calculate the band structure of elastic wave propagating in a two-dimensional periodic arrangement of cylinders. The results manifest that the MST shows great promise in complementing the plane-wave (PW) approach for the study of elastic wave. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10174054) Biography: Mei Jun (1977-), male, Master candidate, research direction: the multiple scattering theory     

A new evolutionary algorithm for function optimization

A new algorithm based on genetic algorithm(GA) is developed for solving function optimization problems with inequality constraints. This algorithm has been used to a series of standard test problems and exhibited good performance. The computation results show that its generality, precision, robustness, simplicity and performance are all satisfactory. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 69635030), National 863 High Technology Project of China, the Key Scientific Technology Development Project of Hubei Province. Biography: GUO Tao(1971-), male, Ph D, research interests are in evolutionary computation and network computing.     

A generalized Riemann boundary value problem

The generalized Riemann boundary value problem for analytic functions is considered, where the unknown function may have branch points of the second order. Under certain assumptions, its general solution as well as the condition of solvability is obtained when the solution is required to be of finite order at infinity. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 19871064) Biography: LIU Hua(1971-), male, Ph. D candidate, Research interests being in complex analysis and its applications.     

PN code generator based on generalized bent function for SW/SFH system

Generalized Bent function and generalized Bent function sequences are introduced in this paper. The main performance of these sequences used as SW/SFH (Short Wave/Slow Frequency Hopping) code are studied. And the hardware circuit and the sofiware program flow chart of the SW/SFH PN code generator are also given, which is based on generalized Bent function sequence generator by using a single chip microcomputer. Supported by the National Naatural Science Foundation of China & National Deference Foundation of China Gan Liangcai: born in Dec. 1941, Professor     

A generalized trigonometric series function model for determining ionospheric delay

A generalized trigonometric series function (GTSF) model, with an adjustable number of parameters, is proposed and analyzed to study ionosphere by using GPS, especially to provide ionospheric delay correction for single frequency GPS users. The preliminary results show that, in comparison with the trigonometric series function (TSF) model and the polynomial (POLY) model, the GTSF model can more precisely describe the ionospheric variation and more efficiently provide the ionospheric correction when GPS data are used to investigate or extract the earth's ionospheric total electron content. It is also shown that the GTSF model can further improve the precision and accuracy of modeling local ionospheric delays.