Detection of human influence on sea-level pressure

Greenhouse gases and tropospheric sulphate aerosols--the main human influences on climate--have been shown to have had a detectable effect on surface air temperature, the temperature of the free troposphere and stratosphere and ocean temperature. Nevertheless, the question remains as to whether human influence is detectable in any variable other than temperature. Here we detect an influence of anthropogenic greenhouse gases and sulphate aerosols in observations of winter sea-level pressure (December to February), using combined simulations from four climate models. We find increases in sea-level pressure over the subtropical North Atlantic Ocean, southern Europe and North Africa, and decreases in the polar regions and the North Pacific Ocean, in response to human influence. Our analysis also indicates that the climate models substantially underestimate the magnitude of the sea-level pressure response. This discrepancy suggests that the upward trend in the North Atlantic Oscillation index (corresponding to strengthened westerlies in the North Atlantic region), as simulated in a number of global warming scenarios, may be too small, leading to an underestimation of the impacts of anthropogenic climate change on European climate.     

微全分析系统的检测技术及其发展动态

本文在介绍微全分析系统的历史及其特点的基础上,总结了现行的检测技术,并就微全分析系统的发展与应用进行了展望。     

降水量及种植时期对虎尾草生长和繁殖的影响

通过分析虎尾草植株产量和种子产量的变化规律,研究了降水量和种植时期对虎尾草生长和繁殖的影响.结果表明:低降水量使虎尾草地上、地下生物量降低,延迟种植降低了植株地上和地下生物量;种子的千粒重随降水量的增加显著增加,但6月15日种植的虎尾草千粒重最小;种子产量在高降水量条件下最大,最早种植的植株种子产量最高,最晚种植的植株种子产量最低;虎尾草抽穗率随降水量的增加显著增加,高降水量条件下抽穗率最大,且各降水量条件下最晚种植的虎尾草抽穗率最大;不同种植时期虎尾草成熟度基本具有相同的变化规律,在低降水量条件下成熟度最低,6月15日种植的植株种子成熟度最低.降水量和种植时期的变化对虎尾草生长和繁殖具有重要影响.     

电磁辐射作用下人体比吸收率的研究

从电磁学的玻印廷矢量和麦克斯韦场方程出发,推导了人体组织比吸收率的近似表达式,并讨论了生物电磁效应的机理.     

环境激素对环境的影响及其防治

介绍了环境激素的概念及其危害,综述了新世纪全球面临的环境激素污染问题,重点探讨了我国环境激素污染的现状,并对如何减少环境激素的危害,提出了一些可行的预防措施,以引起全社会的重视,共同防治环境激素污染.     

Aerosols implicated as a prime driver of twentieth-century North Atlantic climate variability

Systematic climate shifts have been linked to multidecadal variability in observed sea surface temperatures in the North Atlantic Ocean. These links are extensive, influencing a range of climate processes such as hurricane activity and African Sahel and Amazonian droughts. The variability is distinct from historical global-mean temperature changes and is commonly attributed to natural ocean oscillations. A number of studies have provided evidence that aerosols can influence long-term changes in sea surface temperatures, but climate models have so far failed to reproduce these interactions and the role of aerosols in decadal variability remains unclear. Here we use a state-of-the-art Earth system climate model to show that aerosol emissions and periods of volcanic activity explain 76 per cent of the simulated multidecadal variance in detrended 1860-2005 North Atlantic sea surface temperatures. After 1950, simulated variability is within observational estimates; our estimates for 1910-1940 capture twice the warming of previous generation models but do not explain the entire observed trend. Other processes, such as ocean circulation, may also have contributed to variability in the early twentieth century. Mechanistically, we find that inclusion of aerosol-cloud microphysical effects, which were included in few previous multimodel ensembles, dominates the magnitude (80 per cent) and the spatial pattern of the total surface aerosol forcing in the North Atlantic. Our findings suggest that anthropogenic aerosol emissions influenced a range of societally important historical climate events such as peaks in hurricane activity and Sahel drought. Decadal-scale model predictions of regional Atlantic climate will probably be improved by incorporating aerosol-cloud microphysical interactions and estimates of future concentrations of aerosols, emissions of which are directly addressable by policy actions.     

Ni-Mo四近邻作用能对Ni75Al14Mo11合金沉淀行为影响的微观相场

基于微观扩散方程,采用微观离散格点相场法研究Ni-Mo原子间四近邻相互作用能对Ni75Al14Mo11合金沉淀过程微观机制的影响。通过原子尺度的结构演化图、表征浓度和有序度的成分序参数和长程序参数分析沉淀相的有序化、簇聚、镍原子反向析出及粗化行为等。研究结果表明:最近邻、第三近邻原子间作用能增大,可促进沉淀相的簇聚及有序化,但抑制后期镍基原子团簇的反向析出及粗化;次近邻、第四近邻原子间作用能增大的影响则与之相反;在相同条件下,外层作用能对沉淀相的有序化和簇聚影响最大。     

一次低空急流影响下滇西地区冬季强降水天气分析

利用常规观测资料和大理边界层风廓线资料,对2008年1月26～27日低空急流影响下滇西地区冬季强降水天气进行分析.结果表明:南支槽是主要影响系统,槽前的西南低空急流一方面为强降水区输送源源不断的暖湿空气,另一方面在暴雨区产生强辐合,强降水发生在水汽通量散度小于-20×10-8 g.hPa-1.cm-2.s-1的区域,水汽辐合与辐散相伴出现,强降水落区与水汽通量大值区及全风速大值区有很好的对应关系.低空急流出现最强时低层辐合、高层辐散及垂直速度也达到最强;高低空急流的脉动对强降水有一定的指示意义,低空急流的脉动与强降水之间存在密切关系,高空急流较低空急流的下传明显提前2～3 h,低空西南急流向下扩展的同时,可能存在动量下传,引起低空扰动加强.     

微生物沉积碳酸钙研究

利用菌株A生长繁殖过程中产生的酶化作用,适时引入Ca2 ,24 h内顺利沉积出直径小于10μm的球形CaCO3,经XRD分析证实为方解石晶型.改变若干环境反应条件,如pH、温度、Ca2 浓度、Ca2 源等,CaCO3结晶形态和颗粒形貌均发生不同程度的改变.此外,还利用人工提取的类似植物酶开展了对比实验,也顺利沉积出结晶较好的菱面体形态方解石,验证了碳酸盐矿化菌所具有的酶化特征乃是沉积矿化出CaCO3的关键.     

论学习能力对人力资本投资收益的影响

当前高校扩招反映了我国居民对人力资本投资的热忱。人力资本投资风险小，收益大，优于物质资本的投资，国外对此有系统深入的研究。人力资本投资包括教育、培训、保健、国内迁移和国际迁移。教育又叫智力投资，是其中最重要的形式。有经济价值的智力资本要素主要有学习能力、知识存量、工作及创造能力。提高学习能力是提高教育投资的最快捷的途径。重点是要建立学习能力教育培训体系。     

滦河流域人类活动对河流径流的影响

滦河流域人类活动对河流径流的影响唐亦功（陕西师范大学历史系，西安７１００６２；作者，女，３６岁，博士）滦河发源于河北省丰宁县巴延图吉尔山麓，称闪电河．沿途先后有小滦河、兴州河、伊逊河、武烈河、瀑河等数条支流汇入．与小滦河汇合后，始称滦河．其中游迂回于...     

草酸钙积垢形成机理的研究

以温度,pH值和初始浓度为变量分别为蒸发过程积垢的主要成分单水草酸钙（COM）进行动力学和热力学研究,测定其在各种不同条件下的溶解度和过饱和度,实验结果表明,单水草酸钙（COM）为顺溶盐类,pH值对其溶解度的影响甚小,认为结晶过程是单水草酸钙（COM）积垢的主要机理。     

Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in anogenital neoplasias

The presence of papillomaviruses in epithelial-derived cancers from several animal species has led to the speculation that these viruses may also have a pathogenic role in the development of certain human carcinomas, particularly those associated with the anogenital tract. Recently, human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA has been detected in epithelial-derived cancers, both cutaneous and metastatic, from patients exhibiting the rare, chronic flat wart disease, epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV). Except for patients exhibiting this chronic wart syndrome, the association of HPV genomes with human epithelial cancers has not been demonstrated. In an attempt to delineate the association and possible involvement of papillomaviruses with human anogenital carcinomas, we have begun an analysis of these cancers for the presence of HPV-specific nucleotide sequences by using highly sensitive hybridization procedures capable of detecting distantly related papillomaviruses at low copy number. Here we demonstrate the presence of HPV DNA in several types of anogenital tumours: Bowenoid papulosis, carcinoma in situ, and verrucous carcinoma. These data indicate that HPV can be detected in several types of premalignant and malignant tumours, supporting the contention that this group of viruses may be involved in the development of certain types of human epithelial-derived cancers.     

略论体育院校人文教育环境对学生人文素质的影响

针对目前体育院校学生人文素质教育相对滞后 ,学生人文精神普遍较弱的情形 ,对人文素质的内涵进行了阐述 ,指出体育院校学生人文素质发展的制约因素 ,试图从人文环境这种新的教育形式对学生进行潜移默化的影响和熏陶 ,为体育院校学生的人文素质教育开辟新的途径 .     

人力资本对FDI技术溢出效应影响的实证研究

已有研究认为,跨国公司技术转移力度的大小、FDI技术溢出渠道的通畅程度和东道国自身“吸收能力”是影响FDI技术溢出效应的三个重要影响因素,而东道国人力资本水平又对这三个因素有决定性的作用。通过构建理论模型,并以中国1983-2003年时间序列数据为样本,得出结论认为:人力资本水平的丰裕程度决定了FDI技术溢出的大小;FDI能够通过资本积累效应和技术溢出效应促进中国的经济增长,而且FDI与人力资本相结合的技术溢出效应要远远大于资本积累效应。     

Attribution of observed surface humidity changes to human influence

Water vapour is the most important contributor to the natural greenhouse effect, and the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere is expected to increase under conditions of greenhouse-gas-induced warming, leading to a significant feedback on anthropogenic climate change. Theoretical and modelling studies predict that relative humidity will remain approximately constant at the global scale as the climate warms, leading to an increase in specific humidity. Although significant increases in surface specific humidity have been identified in several regions, and on the global scale in non-homogenized data, it has not been shown whether these changes are due to natural or human influences on climate. Here we use a new quality-controlled and homogenized gridded observational data set of surface humidity, with output from a coupled climate model, to identify and explore the causes of changes in surface specific humidity over the late twentieth century. We identify a significant global-scale increase in surface specific humidity that is attributable mainly to human influence. Specific humidity is found to have increased in response to rising temperatures, with relative humidity remaining approximately constant. These changes may have important implications, because atmospheric humidity is a key variable in determining the geographical distribution and maximum intensity of precipitation, the potential maximum intensity of tropical cyclones, and human heat stress, and has important effects on the biosphere and surface hydrology.     

SCGE检测人单个核细胞细胞DNA损伤

用单细胞凝胶电泳法检测了人全血在4℃储存时单个核细胞DNA损伤的情况。结果发现，细胞随储存时间延长基础损伤逐渐增高，储存1，24，48，72h时细胞损伤率分别为8.84%，18.5%，45.2%和54.3%，而细胞对H2O2的敏感性却逐渐降低。以50цmol/L H2O2处理后，其细胞损伤率在0，24，48h分别为63%，61.8%和51.5%。     

Detection of acceptor sites on human lymphocytes for antigen-specific T cell factors.

Mouse antigen-specific T cell factors are absorbed by human peripheral blood lymphocytes at acceptor sites. The acceptors are products of HLA-linked genes, which may be human immune response genes.     

用PCR法检测人巨细胞病毒DNA

用聚合酶链式反应（ＰＣＲ）法检测患者尿液中人巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）ＤＮＡ．结果表明，自行设计合成的引物位于ＨＣＭＶ基因组早期蛋白基因区，经ＰＣＲ仪扩增一段长４３０ｂｐ的特异序列片段，对正常人基因组ＤＮＡ或其它疱疹病毒ＤＮＡ无交叉反应．此法可检测出少至１０－１６ｇ（０．１ｆｇ）的病毒ＤＮＡ．通过对３５份尿液标本的检测，比较ＰＣＲ法和组织培养法的检测结果完全一致