Discussion on marine source rocks thermal evolvement patterns in the Tarim Basin and Sichuan Basin,west China

Taking marine source rocks of lower Paleozoic in the Tarim Basin and Paleozoic ones in the Sichuan Basin as examples, their sedimentation process could be classified into four styles: continuous subsidence with deep sedimentation in early stage, continuous subsidence with deep sedimentation in later stage, that deeply buried-uplift-shallowly buried, and that shallowly buried-uplift-deeply buried. Unlike that in East China, the marine source rocks evolvement patterns did not accord with sedimentation styles one by one in superimposed basins in west China. Taking local geothermal field into account, four types of source rock evolvement patterns were built: that evolved fast in early stage, evolved fast in middle stage, evolved continuously and evolved in multistage. Among them, the 1st pattern contributed little to the present industrial oil pools directly, but paleo-oil reservoirs and gases cracked from crude oils were main exploration targets. Although some gases were found in the 2nd pattern, the scale was not big enough. For the 3rd and 4th patterns, the hydrocarbon potential depended on organic matters maturity in early stage. For relatively low mature rocks, it was possible to generate some oils in later stage; otherwise the main products were gases. Paleo-oil reservoirs remained fairly well in the Sichuan Basin, and most source rocks underwent kerogen-oil-gas processes, which was useful reference to gas exploration in the Tarim Basin.     

Discussion on marine source rocks thermal evolvement patterns in the Tarim Basin and Sichuan Basin, west China

Taking marine source rocks of lower Paleozoic in the Tarim Basin and Paleozoic ones in the Sichuan Basin as examples, their sedimentation process could be classified into four styles： continuous subsidence with deep sedimentation in early stage, continuous subsidence with deep sedimentation in later stage, that deeply buried-uplift-shallowly buried, and that shallowly buried-uplift-deeply buried. Unlike that in East China, the marine source rocks evolvement patterns did not accord with sedimentation styles one by one in superimposed basins in west China. Taking local geothermal field into account, four types of source rock evolvement patterns were built： that evolved fast in early stage, evolved fast in middle stage, evolved continuously and evolved in multistage. Among them, the 1st pattern contributed little to the present industrial oil pools directly, but paleo-oil reservoirs and gases cracked from crude oils were main exploration targets. Although some gases were found in the 2nd pattern, the scale was not big enough. For the 3rd and 4th patterns, the hydrocarbon potential depended on organic matters maturity in early stage. For relatively low mature rocks, it was possible to generate some oils in later stage; otherwise the main products were gases. Paleo-oil reservoirs remained fairly well in the Sichuan Basin, and most source rocks underwent kerogen-oil-gas processes, which was useful reference to gas exploration in the Tarim Basin.     

四川盆地西部海相碎屑岩-陆相碎屑岩的转换过程

四川盆地是一个叠合盆地,经历了海相碳酸盐岩到海相碎屑岩、海相碎屑岩到陆相碎屑岩的转换和变迁.这两个转换过程最终结束均发生在四川盆地西部.海相碎屑岩到陆相碎屑岩的转换发生在晚三叠世末,相对应的地层单位为上三叠统须家河组.通过对须家河组厚度和沉积相变化,以及龙门山前砾岩的分布特征研究,认为这一转换主要发生于须家河组沉积末期(T_3x~4-T_3x~6),时间上随地区不同而不同,空间上具有由北往南的先后顺序.这揭示龙门山造山带的造山隆升过程具有由北往南的特点.这一转换过程导致川西前陆盆地内南、北段油气地质条件存在差异.寻找河口沙坝、三角洲平原河道砂等形成的优质储层应是须家河组油气勘探的关键.     

Kinetic study of the hydrocarbon generation from marine carbonate source rocks characterization of products of gas and liquid hydrocarbon

The kinetic parameters of hydrocarbon generation from the marine carbonate source rocks were determined and calibrated through kinetic simulating experiment. The kinetic parameters of hydrocarbon generation then were extrapolated to geological condition by using the relative software. The result shows that gaseous hydrocarbons (C_1, C_2, C_3, C_(4-5)) were generated in condition of 150℃相似文献   

川中—川西南地区雷三段碳酸盐烃源岩生烃评价

评价川中—川西南地区中三叠统雷口坡组第三段暗色碳酸盐烃源岩的生烃能力,预测雷口坡组天然气新的勘探领域.在典型钻井岩心和岩屑样品的有机地球化学特征分析基础上,结合测井解释TOC技术,刻画出27口井的有效烃源岩厚度,并且应用有机质热模拟参数法对各井烃源岩的生气强度进行定量计算.研究表明:暗色碳酸盐烃源岩的残余有机碳质量分数...     

Identification of the Kukersite-type source rocks in the Ordovician Stratigraphy from the Tarim Basin, NW China

Due to the importance of the Gloeocapsomorpha Prisca （G. prisca）-enriched source rocks, which belong to Kukersite-type source rocks in the Lower Paleozoic Ordovician strata, it has received great attentions during the petroleum exploration as to whether there are the Kukersite-type source rocks developed in the major hydrocarbon source strata of the Upper and Middle Ordovician in the Tarim Basin. Using pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrography to analyse kerogens from source rocks in the lime- mud mound with moderate maturity, study reveals that there are the Kukersite-type source rocks in the Ordovician strata of the Tarim Basin. The pyrolysis products showed a low content of 〉n-C19 normal alkanes with a significant odd-even predominance between n-C13 and n-Cl7, long-chain alky substituted alkylbenzene and alkylthiophene isomers and distinctive distribution of 5-N- alkyl-1, 3-Benzenediol and its homologous. Based on the geographic environment characteristics of G. Prisca, the molecular dis- tributions of crude oil from the Lower Paleozoic petroleum systems in the Tarim Basin and characteristics of kerogen pyrolysis products from the Middle and Upper Ordovician source rocks, the results suggested that it is less possible to develop the G. Pris- ca-enriched Kukersite-type source rocks in the major hydrocarbon source rocks in the Middle and Upper Ordovician strata in the Tarim Basin. However, the benthic macroalga and planktonic algae-enriched source rocks are the main contributors.     

准噶尔盆地滴水泉凹陷石炭系烃源岩生烃能力分析

利用钻井岩心和露头样品化验资料,对石炭系烃源岩有机质丰度、类型及演化程度进行研究,结合凹陷周缘构造油气来源特征,分析滴水泉凹陷石炭系烃源岩生烃能力。研究表明,滴水泉凹陷石炭系烃源岩有机质丰度高,沉积厚度大,目前已到高-过成熟阶段,具有较强生烃能力;滴南凸起存在"凹槽",东道海子北凹陷来源油气不能运移到克拉美丽气田石炭系储层聚集成藏,克拉美丽气田亿吨级油气应来自滴水泉凹陷;石东油气田深浅层油气特征基本一致,与石西油田不同,与克拉美丽石炭系油气相似,都属于滴水泉凹陷石炭系来源产物;滴水泉凹陷、三南凹陷及东道海子北凹陷石炭纪沉积期水体连通,石炭系烃源岩都应具有较强的生烃能力,勘探潜力巨大。     

海相碳酸盐岩和泥岩生烃动力学特征对比分析

选取三塘湖灰岩和下马岭页岩分别代表海相泥岩和海相碳酸盐岩开展开放体系下的生烃动力学实验,动力学模拟结果表明三塘湖灰岩成油、成气活化能基本为单一活化能分布,下马岭页岩活化能呈现多活化能分布的特点。将两样品的动力学参数结合塔里木盆地满东1井区埋藏史-热史进行地质应用,结果表明海相碳酸盐岩的生油门限（2000m）较海相泥岩的生烃门限（3000m）浅,但在5000m以前,海相泥岩的生油速率较慢;而海相碳酸盐岩的生气门限比海相泥岩的生气门限大,在6000m左右二者都达到生气高峰,但碳酸盐岩的成气转化率增加速率比较大。     

准噶尔盆地南缘烃源岩生源特征及原油分类

以稳定碳同位素、饱和烃色谱、饱和烃色谱-质谱和热模拟生烃实验为主要手段,详细剖析了准噶尔盆地南缘地区侏罗系八道湾组、三工河组、西山窑组及古近系安集海河组烃源岩的生源特征,指出中下侏罗统煤系烃源岩生源以高等植物为主,沉积于偏氧化的淡水环境;古近系安集海河组湖相烃源岩生源以低等水生生物为主,沉积于较咸化的还原环境;侏罗系八道湾组湖相烃源岩热模拟产物的生物标志物特征说明其与煤系烃源岩存在很大差别,但真实特征尚难以确定.通过原油饱和烃的规则甾烷C29/C27以及伽马蜡烷/C30藿烷两相指标将盆地南缘20个原油或油苗分为三类;结合其生源和沉积环境特征,基本确定这三类原油分别来自中下侏罗统煤系烃源岩、古近系安集海河组湖相烃源岩以及二者的混源.     

西藏羌塘盆地土门地区上三叠统烃源岩特征*

以羌塘盆地土门地区上三叠统波里拉组为研究对象,对烃源岩有机地球化学测试数据进行了统计分析。烃源岩有机质总体上处于高成熟阶段,有机碳含量值随成熟度增高而减小,测试获得的TOC值为残余TOC,TOC与氯仿沥青"A"和生烃潜力所指示的有机质丰度明显不同。有机质类型是以腐泥组为主的Ⅱ1-Ⅱ2型,源自海相环境还原条件下原地生产的有机质。     

川西地区中古生界海相天然气基础地质条件分析

川西海相区域在中古生代位于上扬子地台西缘台-槽过渡带,经历了基底形成阶段、地台及其周缘盆地形成演化阶段、前陆盆地形成演化盆山耦合三大演化阶段。"槽盆"或"台盆"形成演化控制烃源坳陷形成及演化,孕育多套烃源岩。印支晚期构造运动是川西构造发展中一个重要的转折,改变了晚三叠世以前扬子西缘川西克拉通及其周缘盆地演化的构造格局,调整了印支晚期前的川西海相油气系统。燕山-喜马拉雅多期次构造运动龙门造山带的强烈抬升挤压,使该区海相油气系统遭到破坏,部分可能被调整改造,在新的成藏背景下调整成藏;龙门山推覆带下存在的中古生界"原地体",保存条件好,其中有可能形成大中型的天然气藏。川西海相中古生界天然气基础地质条件优越,是有利的天然气勘探远景地区。     

Developmental modes of the Neoproterozoic-Lower Paleozoic marine hydrocarbon source rocks in China

Based on the researches on rock type, the mode of occurrence, diagnostic minerals and creatures, the sedimentary geochemistry and organic facies of Chinese marine source rocks from wells and outcrops, and on the research findings of developmental modes of foreign marine source rock, the authors consider that it is impossible to objectively make clear the formation mechanism of hydrocarbon source rock with high organic matter abundance by either single mode of preservation or high organic matter productivity. According to the Chinese geological features, the formation mechanism of the Neoproterozoic-Lower Paleozoic marine source rock is generalized into four modes, namely, thermal water activity-upwelling flow-anoxic; carbonate gentle slope-upwelling flow; xerothermic climate-brine euxinic milieu; and humid climate-retained euxinic milieu; as the Lower Cambrian undercompensation basin organic facies （the Tarim Basin, South China and southwestern margin of North China）, carbonate gentle lime mud bound organic facies （the Upper Ordovician in Tazhong region of the Tarim Basin and the Lower Silurian in the Upper Yangtze Platform）, the Middle Cambrian evaporation laggon organic facies （the Tarim Basin and the Upper Yangtze Platform）, enclosed undercompensation terrigenous bay organic facies （the Middle-Upper Ordovician in the west of the Tarim Basin, the Lower Silurian Long- maxi Formation in the Upper Yangtze platform）. Chinese marine sedimentations with lower organic matter abundance are generalized into two modes of consumption-dilution mode of open epicontinental sea and depletion-dilution mode of supercompensation basin.     

西藏阿翁错盆地古近系牛堡组烃源岩地球化学特征

在西藏阿翁错盆地古近系牛堡组实测剖面的基础上,对烃源岩有机质丰度、有机质类型、有机质成熟度等方面进行研究,结果表明牛堡组烃源岩有机质丰度中等偏低,泥页岩和泥晶灰岩有机碳平均质量分数分别为0.26%和O.15%,泥页岩表现出较差烃源岩特征,泥晶灰岩则表现为中等烃源岩特征.泥页岩有机质类型以Ⅱ1型和Ⅱ2型为主,泥晶灰岩有机...     

拉张槽对四川盆地海相油气分布的控制作用

四川盆地现今为挤压性的沉积盆地,地表所见构造也均为压性构造;但四川盆地沉积盖层在形成、演化过程中发生了拉张运动（地裂运动）并形成了张性构造（拉张槽等）。现今盆地内已发现的主要拉张槽有开江－梁平海槽（拉张槽）和绵阳－长宁拉张槽。开江－梁平海槽（拉张槽）是四川盆地内深埋地下的二叠纪－三叠纪之间的一个北西－南东向展布的深水碳酸盐岩沉积区,是在峨眉地裂运动理论启示下因生物礁油气藏勘探而发现的。绵阳－长宁拉张槽是四川盆地内发育于早寒武世的一个南北向的下寒武统巨厚碎屑岩沉积（降）区,是在兴凯地裂运动理论指导下通过构造-沉积综合研究而发现的。2个拉张槽的发现和特征研究均经历了漫长过程。拉张槽的形成演化不仅控制了优质泥质烃源岩和优质碳酸盐岩储集岩的发育,而且为优质泥质烃源岩-优质碳酸盐岩储集岩组合的形成和油气成藏效应及规模的提高创造了条件,致使环拉张槽周缘地区是克拉通盆地内油气分布最丰富的地区。     

鄂尔多斯早白垩世自流水盆地沉积特征岩性分布与盆地演化

从盆地边界、盆内结构、沉积环境背景以及沉积物特征入手,探讨了盆地演化与含水岩组分布规律、含水岩组沉积相与含水性之间的关系.结果发现早白垩世时,盆地以南北向为轴、东西两翼非均衡沉降,东缓西陡,结构极不对称;盆内发育的洛河、环河华池和罗汉洞3个主要含水岩组,均受盆地构造演化和沉积相控制,其中洛河组分布最广,环河华池组以及罗汉洞组比较局限.沉积环境变化中沿盆缘以冲积扇、河流相和三角洲平原分流河道相砂砾岩和砂岩沉积为主,盆内由风成沙漠相、三角洲前缘相和湖泊相砂岩和泥岩组成.洛河组风成沙漠相含水砂岩,产状稳定、覆盖面广、岩性组分和结构成熟度高、孔渗性能好、有害可溶组分含量低,顶底板及边界隔挡岩性组合匹配合理,是自流水盆地最理想的含水层.     

辽东湾地区烃源岩特征及其主控因素

根据烃源岩地球化学、岩石学、沉积学、构造沉降及古气候等特征,对辽东湾地区古近系3套湖相烃源岩发育的主控因素进行综合分析.结果表明:3套烃源岩均形成于温暖湿润的还原环境,生产力高;沙三段烃源岩形成于快速沉降的深水窄盆环境,水体根据温度和弱盐度分层,且具最高生产力;沙一段烃源岩形成于沉降速率低的浅水广盆环境,水体根据高盐度分层,且有机质生源高等植物贡献小;东下段烃源岩形成于快速沉降的深水广盆环境,水体根据温度和弱盐度分层;同层内烃源岩的差异受沉积相控制;沙三段烃源岩生烃潜力最好,沙一段次之,再次为东下段.     

准噶尔盆地乌伦古坳陷中南部石炭系烃源岩生烃潜力分析

目前已在准噶尔盆地乌伦古坳陷石炭系、二叠系、三叠系和侏罗系等发现了工业油气流或油气显示,这些油气主要来源于石炭系烃源岩。但目前研究区石炭系有效烃源岩分布及生烃演化特征不清楚。笔者对比分析了研究区石炭系不同层段、不同岩性类型烃源岩的生烃潜力和热演化特征。结果表明：巴塔玛依内山组凝灰质泥岩、泥岩和姜巴斯套组炭质泥岩有机质丰度较高,有机质类型以Ⅱ2—Ⅲ型为主,处于成熟—过成熟演化阶段,具有倾气性特征。综合应用地球化学实验数据得出姜巴斯套组烃源岩都是有效气源岩,而目前钻井揭示巴塔玛依内山组烃源岩成熟度偏低,未能达到有效气源岩的标准。通过系统对比研究区与滴水泉凹陷石炭系烃源岩地球化学参数,认识到两地区具有高度相似性。可见准噶尔盆地乌伦古坳陷中南部石炭系姜巴斯套组是一套极具潜力的烃源岩,为下一步油气勘探指明方向。     

烃源岩滞留油气作用及其对泥页岩含油气率的影响

泥页岩滞留油气的形式主要包括游离态、吸附态、水溶态和油溶态,其中,石油主要以游离态和吸附态滞留为主,天然气则以多种方式滞留.依据物质平衡原理,提出了依据滞留烃指数变化计算泥页岩滞留油量的方法.研究结果表明:泥页岩滞留油气量主要受有机质的丰度、类型和演化程度以及矿物组成和温压条件等影响.一般地,有机质丰度越大、温度压力越高滞留油气量越大.泥页岩滞留油气的性质主要受有机质类型和演化程度影响,Ⅲ型有机质和高演化程度的泥页岩以滞留气为主,而Ⅰ型有机质和低演化程度的泥页岩以滞留油为主.东营凹陷沙四上亚段泥岩滞留油量为58.42×108t,表明泥岩具有较好的含油前景.     

川中地区侏罗系天然气成因类型及气源

针对川中地区侏罗系天然气成因类型及气源的认识存在不同的观点,作者综合天然气组分特征、碳同位素特征、轻烃特征对该问题进行了探讨。组分分析结果表明,侏罗系天然气主要为干酪根裂解气;碳同位素分析结果表明,侏罗系天然气主要为油型气,部分为煤型气;轻烃分析结果表明,侏罗系天然气以油型气为主。综合上述成因类型分析结果认为:川中地区侏罗系天然气以干酪根裂解成因油型气为主,同时存在少量的煤型气。川中地区侏罗系油型气来自侏罗系烃源岩,煤型气来自上三叠统烃源岩。