Effect of Mg substitution for La on microstructure, hydrogen storage and electrochemical properties of La1−xMgxNi3.5 (x=0.20, 0.23, 0.25 at%) alloys

The effect of Mg substitution for La on microstructure, hydrogen storage and electrochemical properties of the annealed La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5(x=0.20, 0.23, 0.25 at%) alloys have been studied. All the samples were mainly composed of(LaMg)_2Ni_7,(LaMg)Ni_3, and LaNi_5 phases. Mg substitution for La changed the phase abundance, but did not change the constitution of all phases, which is con fi rmed by the results of backscattered SEM images and EDS analysis. The P–C isotherms indicated that the La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloys reversibly absorbed and desorbed hydrogen smoothly at 298 K. The hydrogen absorption cyclic stabilities of La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloy after 5 hydrogen absorption/desorption cycles reached the maximum values of91.9% and 96.0% at 298 K and 323 K, respectively. The hydrogen desorption capacity and plateau pressure for the La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloy reached the maximum values of 1.055 H/M and 0.074 MPa, respectively. The desorption capacities of La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5reached 0.193 H/M and 0.565 H/M in the fi rst minute at 298 K and 323 K, respectively. Electrochemical property measurement indicated that La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5(x=0.20,0.23, 0.25 at%) alloys possessed excellent activation capability and were completely activated within3 cycles. Discharge capacities of La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloys reached 378.2 m A h/g(x = 0.20 at%), 342.7 m A h/g(x = 0.23 at%), and 369.6 m A h/g(x = 0.25 at%), respectively. Moreover, energy density of La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloy was much larger than that of La_0.80Mg_0.20Ni_3.5 alloy and nearly approaches the maximum value of La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5. Thus, the La_(1-x) Mg_x Ni_3.5alloy exhibits optimum comprehensive properties of hydrogen storage and electrochemistry.     

La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5-xMx(M=Si,Zn;x=0～0.5)储氢合金的相结构与电化学性能

研究Si和Zn元素分别部分替代Ni后合金La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5-xMx(M=Si,Zn;x=0～0.5)的微观组织及电化学性能.X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明, La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5-xSix合金由CaCu5型相、Ce2Ni7型相和LaMgNi4型相组成,随着Si含量增加,CaCu5型相明显增加.La0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5-xZnx合金由CaCu5型相、Ce2Ni7型相和LaNi3型相组成.随着Zn的增加,合金中Ce2Ni7型相逐渐减少,CaCu5型相和LaNi3型相则相应增加.电化学实验表明,2种元素的加入均使得合金的高倍率放电性能下降;Si的加入降低了合金最大放电容量和交换电流密度,但活化次数也随之减少,电化学循环稳定性提高.Zn元素的加入,对合金最大放电容量影响较小.     

Crystallization kinetics of （Ni0.75 Fe0.25）78-xNbxSi10B12 （ x = 0, 5 ） amorphous alloys

Amorphous ribbons of （Ni0.75 Fe0.25 ） 78- x Nbx Silo B12 （x = 0, 5 ） were prepared by a single roller melt-spinning technique in air atmosphere. The crystallization kinetics of the alloys were investigated by means of continuous heating, and the activation energies of the alloys were calculated using Kissinger plot method and Ozawa plot method on the basis of differential thermal analysis data.     

Synthesis and Properties of BaSn_(0.75)B_(0.25)O_(3-d)(B=La,Gd,Y,In…) Proton Conductors

1 Results We study the synthesis,the structural and transport properties of acceptor-doped barium stannate BaSn0.75B0.25O3-d (B=La,Y…) compounds.Some of these materials were presented few years ago as good proton conductors with some interest for the fuel cell community[1-2].Nevertheless,these studies were only limited to two kinds of dopants and the elaboration was far from being optimised leading to poor properties.So the main objective of the present study is to extend the study of acceptor-doped bar...     

La0.7Mg0.3-xCaxNi2.5Co0.5(x=0～0.15)储氢合金的放电容量衰退机理研究

采用感应熔炼结合粉末烧结两步法制备了La_(0.7)Mg_(0.3-x)Ca_xNi_(2.5)Co_(0.5)(x=0～0.15)储氢合金,并对合金的放电容量衰退机理进行了研究.研究结果显示随着Ca含量的增加,合金的相结构没有发生明显变化,只是晶胞参数逐渐增大,即Ca主要替代了超晶格结构AB2结构单元中的Mg,但在AB5结构单元中少量的Ca恰恰对合金的放电容量产生了重要的影响.Ca在AB2和AB5两种结构单元中的存在会降低储氢过程中晶胞内部的膨胀应力,Ca的溶解能够抑制Mg的腐蚀,生成微溶于水的腐蚀产物,并提高了合金表面具有催化活性的Ni含量,改善了合金的循环寿命.较高的Ca含量会严重破坏合金的相结构,生成过量的腐蚀产物因不能完全溶于水而在合金表面形成包覆层,阻碍了电极反应,造成合金循环过程中放电容量的急剧下降.     

Mg2Ni+x0.5 wt% V2O5+y0.5 wt Ni(x,y=0,1)复合体系的贮氢和电化学性能研究

用球磨方法制备Mg2Ni x0.5 wt%V2O5 y0.5 wt Ni(x,y=0,1)复合贮氢合金,并进行气态吸放氢变温动力学与电化学充放电实验.结果表明,x,y=1时体系的气态吸放氢和放电容量效果最好,多元复合的放电容量超过单一化合物的放电容量的总和.     

Microstructure, crystalline phase and electrical properties of Li0.06(Na0.5K0.5)0.94Nb(1−2x/5)Mg x O3 lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

MgO-modified Li_0.06(Na_0.5K_0.5)_0.94NbO₃ (L₆NKN) lead-free piezoelectric ceramics were synthesized by normal sintering at a relatively low temperature of 1000°C. The crystalline phase, microstructure, and electrical properties of the ceramics were investigated with a special emphasis on the influence of MgO content. The addition of MgO effectively improves the sinterability of the L₆NKN ceramics. X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) separating orthorhombic and tetragonal phases for the ceramics lies in the range of Mg doping content (x) from 0.3at% to 0.7at%. High electrical properties of the piezoelectric constant (d ₃₃=238 pC/N), planar electromechanical coupling coefficient (k _p=41.5%), relative dielectric constant (? _r=905), and remanent polarization (P _r=38.3 μC/cm²) are obtained from the specimen with x=0.5at%, which suggests that the Li_0.06(Na_0.5K_0.5)_0.94Nb_(1?2x/5)Mg _x O₃ (x=0.5at%) ceramic is a promising lead-free piezoelectric material.     

Microstructures and mechanical properties of as-extruded Mg–5Sn–1Zn–xAl(x=1, 3 and 5) alloys

As-extruded Mg–5Sn–1Zn–xAl alloys(x=1, 3, and 5) were fabricated by hot extrusion. The experimental results revealed that the yield strength of alloys initially decreased and then increased with the increase of Al content. These changes were mainly attributed to the difference in crystallographic texture and volume fractions of second phases. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of the alloys were greater than 310 MPa, 227 MPa, and 11%, respectively. The strain hardening ability of the alloys was also discussed.     

(La1-xNdx)2Mg(Ni0.8Co0.15Mn0.05)9(x=0～0.3)合金的储氢与电化学性能研究

采用高频悬浮感应熔炼方法制备(La1-xNdx)2Mg(Ni0.8Co0.15Mn0.05)9(x=0～0.3)系列合金,分析Nd部分取代La对合金的相结构、吸放氢性能和电化学性能的影响.结果表明,铸态合金的主相为具有六方CaCu5结构的LaNi5相,并存在具有立方MgCu2结构的LaNi2相以及LaMg3相.合金主相...     

金属催化剂对储氢材料(90-x)Mg5C5NCxM(M=Al,Mo或Ni,x=0～10)性能的影响

添加金属催化剂是改善镁基储氢材料储氢性能的有效方式。为研究金属Al,Mo,Ni对镁碳材料的储氢性能的催化作用,用氢气反应球磨法制备了镁碳储氢材料(90-x)Mg5C5NCxM(C=无烟煤基微晶碳,NC=针状焦,M=Al,Mo或Ni,x=0～10),并用排水法放氢测试装置和差示扫描量热分析仪对材料的放氢性能进行了测试。结果表明,添加适量的金属催化剂均能够提高材料的储氢密度,其中添加0.5%的Al可使储氢密度提高11.9%,达4.7%,但Al添加量≥2%时,物料在球磨时容易发生焊接,导致储氢密度降低;Ni具有催化储氢材料放氢的作用,材料89Mg5C5NC1Ni的初始放氢温度仅206.4℃,比不添加Ni时降低了119.2℃。     

Ml0.75Mg0.25Ni3.5-x Alx合金储氢性能及电化学性能研究

在Ar气保护下,采用悬浮熔炼方法制备Ml0.75 Mg0.25 Ni3.5 -xAlx(x=0.05 ～0.25)合金,系统研究Al部分取代Ni对合金的相结构、吸放氢性能和电化学性能的影响.结果表明,合金的相结构主要由具有六方CaCu5结构的(La,Pr) Ni5相、(La,Pr) Mg2Ni9相和(La,Nd)2 N...     

La0.7Mg0.3-xTixNi2.8Co0.3(x=0.03,0.06,0.09,0.12)合金的储氢与电化学性能研究

用高频感应熔炼方法制备了La0.7Mg0.3-xTixNi2.8Co0.3(x=0.03,0.06,0.09,0.12)系列合金,并对其储氢和电化学性能进行测试.结果表明x=0.06时,合金储氢性能最好,气态储氢容量达1.2wt%,放电容量和比容量分别为336 mA.h.g-1,70.0%.     

Mg-50wt.%Ti_(1-x)C(x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4)合金的贮氢性能研究

采用机械合金化方法制备Mg-50wt.%Ti1-xCx(x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4)贮氢合金.x-射线衍射(XRD)分析结果表明,合金主要由Mg、Ti、c以及二元合金相Ti2C0.06和Mg2C3组成,随着球磨时间增加,合金的非晶化程度提高.压强-成分-温度(Pcr)测试结果显示,Mg-50wt.%Ti1-xC(x=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4)合金的贮氢量分别为2.96、2.95、2.76、2.6wt.%;随着碳含量的增加,样品吸氢量逐渐减少,放氢温度和平台压也随之下降;适当增加球磨时间可降低吸放氢温度.     

高能球磨制备MgxTi100-x合金的微观组织及储氢性能

应用振动高能球磨机械合金化方法制备MgxTi100-x(x=35,50,65,80)系列合金,采用XRD、SEM、TEM以及吸放氢测试等手段分析研究Mg含量与球磨时间对MgxTi100-x球磨产物微观组织演化规律、相结构和吸氢行为的影响.结果表明:在相同球磨时间(20 h)下,球磨合金MgxTi100-x微观组织的相组...     

稀土元素R对储氢合金(LaRMg)(NiCoAlZn)3.5相结构和电化学性能的影响

以(LaRMg)(NiCoAlZn)3.5(R=La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Gd、Y和Sc)合金为研究对象,研究稀土元素R部分替代La后对合金相结构和相组成及电化学性能的影响.XRD和EPMA方法分析结果表明,合金(LaRMg)(NiCoAlZn)3.5退火组织主要由Ce2Ni7型相(或Gd2Co7型)、PuNi3型相和CaCu5型相组成;Ce、Pr和Nd元素的替代对合金相组成没有明显影响,而Gd元素替代使合金中CaCu5型相明显减少,Ce2Ni7型(或Gd2Co7型)相显著增加,其相丰度达到79.03%;Y和Sc元素替代时合金中Gd2Co7型相基本消失.电化学测试和分析表明, 稀土元素R替代La后对合金电极活化性能影响不大,其中Nd、Gd、Y和Sc部分替代La在一定程度上提高合金的最大放电容量,而Gd元素替代时合金电极容量最高达到343.1 mAh/g;Gd和Nd元素部分替代La使合金电极的循环稳定性得到明显提高,S100分别达到95.3%和93.0%.此外,Sc部分替代La能有效改善合金电极的高倍率放电性能.     

LaNi_（5－x）Al_x贮氢合金的研究

用Ａｌ置换ＬａＮｉ５贮氢合金中部分Ｎｉ，得到一系列ＬａＮｉ（５－ｘ）Ａｌｘ（ｘ＝０．１，０．３，０．５）贮氢合金．通过对合金的热力学性能的测试可知：随着Ａｌ的加入及其含量的增加，贮氢合金的平台氢压降低，吸氢量有所减少，而吸氢速度有所增加．通过对合金及吸氢后氢化物品体结构的Ｘ射线衍射分析，发现Ａｌ的加入并未使晶体结构类型发生变化，只是晶格常数略有增加；同时还证明了ＬａＮｉ（５－ｘ）Ａｌｘ合金吸氢后其晶体结构也未发生变化，但晶格常数增加较大．     

La3-xYxMgNi14(x=0～2)贮氢合金的相结构与电化学性能研究

系统研究了La3-xYxMgNi14(x=0,1.0,1.5,2.0)贮氢合金的相结构和电化学性能.结构分析表明,合金均由Gd2Co7和Ce2Ni7型结构相组成.随Y含量值x的增加,Gd2Co7型相的丰度增加,Ce2Ni7型相的丰度减少.合金各相的晶胞参数(a,c)和晶胞体积(V)均随x的增加而线性减小.电化学研究表明,随着Y含量的增加,合金电极最大放电容量减小,活化性能显著降低.合金随x的增加,HRD值减小与合金电极电催化活性及氢在合金相中的扩散速率的减小有关.