Structure and multiferroic properties of Y-doped BiFeO3 ceramics

Bismuth ferrite, BiFeO₃, is an important multiferroic material, which simultaneously exhibits ferroelectric ordering and antifer-romagnetic ordering in bulk form. Samples of Bi_1-xY_xFeO₃ (x=0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20) were prepared by conventional solid state reaction. By X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering spectra, the crystal structures of the samples were identified as rhombo-hedral with R3c space group, in addition to a second phase at x≥0.05. Multiferroic properties of the samples were also measured. With the increasing of Y content, the relative dielectric constants of the samples increased gradually, while the loss tangents firstly decreased and then began to increase. Meanwhile, the saturation magnetization values were significantly enhanced, namely 0.1440, 0.7468, 1.9217, 3.3309 and 6.2774 emu/g at 300 K for x=0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20, respectively.     

Multi-index analysis of the melting process of laterite metallized pellet

Herein, a multi-index analysis of the nickel content of an alloy, output rate of the alloy, nickel recovery rate, and iron recovery rate during the melting of laterite metallized pellets was performed. The thermodynamic reduction behavior of oxides such as NiO, FeO, Fe₃O₄, and Cr₂O₃ was studied using the FactSage software, which revealed that SiO₂ is not conducive to the reduction of iron oxides, whereas the addition of basic oxides such as CaO and MgO is beneficial for the reduction of iron oxides. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis to achieve greater nickel recovery and lower iron recovery rates, the optimum experimental parameters in the orthogonal experiment were A3B1C3 (t=30 min, C/O=0.4, R=1.2); the indicators w_Ni, φ_alloy, η_Ni, and η_Fe had values of 15.0wt%, 12.1%, 44.9%, and 96.4%, respectively. In single-factor experiments, increasing basicity (R) substantially improved the separation effect in the low-basicity range 0.5 ≤ R ≤ 0.8 but not in the high-basicity range 0.8 ≤ R ≤ 1.2. Similar results were obtained for the effect of the C/O ratio. Moreover, the recovery rate of nickel increased with increasing recovery rate of iron.     

Preparation and characterization of Ni-P hollow material based on the shape of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nocadia</Emphasis>

A new type Ni-P hollow material with rod-shape is prepared by electroless deposition method and heat treatment based on the shape of Nocadia, a kind of bacteria. The material is characterized and its magnetic, electromagnetic and mechanical properties are measured. It is found that the Ni-P coating transforms from a disordered structure before hollowing to an ordered arrangement of face centered cubic （FCC） Ni after hollowing at 673 K and body centered tetragonal Ni3P occurs. After hollowing no change of the surface morphology has been found. But the cytoplasm disappears and the Ni-P layer becomes more compact. A new type hollow material with shell thickness of 150-200 nm is obtained. The saturation magnetization （Ms）, remanent magnetization （Mr） and coercivity （Hc） are enhanced to 20 emu/g, 2.7 emu/g and 117.5Oe, respectively. The dielectric and magnetic loss are improved to 14 and 0.4, respectively. The hardness and the elastic modulus are raised to 1.80 GPa and 23.79 GPa, respectively. All show great improvement compared with those before hollowing.     

La-Zn取代对钡铁氧体微结构和磁性能的影响

用溶胶-凝胶法(sol-gel)化学合成了钡铁氧体(Ba1-xLaxFe11.6-xZnxO19,0≤x≤0.8),并进一步研究了La-Zn取代量对样品微结构和磁性能的影响.当0≤x≤0.6时,样品主要由六角铁氧体相构成,晶格常数a和c随取代量的增加而单调减小.磁化强度σ在x=0.6时达到最大,x进一步增加σ反而下降;而样品矫顽力Hc,各向异性场HA,居里温度Tc随着x增加单调减小;为了使磁化强度达到最大,取代量大的样品需要更高的烧结温度.对实验结果进行了合理的定性解释.     

纳米晶CoFe2-xCexO4的结构与磁性能研究

采用化学共沉法制备了纳米尺度的CoFe2-xCexO4（x=0～0．3）粉料,分别在不同温度下进行了热处理,利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、振动样品磁强计（VSM）对样品的结构和磁性进行了测量和分析．实验结果表明：在铈掺杂量x≤0．2时样品形成了单一的具有尖晶石结构的钴铁氧体相,而x〉0．2时钴铁氧体相和CeO2相并存;铈掺杂量对样品的磁性能有较强的影响,在铈含量较低（x≤0．2）时,比饱和磁化强度σs变化不大,矫顽力Hc大幅度增大,而在x〉0．2之后二者都急剧下降,在x=0．1附近样品能同时获得较大的Hc和σs值．     

Ti替代La对AB3型储氢合金的结构与电化学性能的影响

研究(La1-xTix)2MgNi8.25Co0.75(x=0、0.1、0.2)合金的微观结构与电化学性能。相测试结果显示:所有合金都是由(La,Mg)Ni3和LaNi52个主相所构成的,晶胞参数随着Ti的替代而逐渐减小,这是因为Ti的共价键半径(0.132 nm)小于La(0.169 nm)所引起的。电化学测试结果表明:所有的合金电极经过4次活化后都能够达到最大放电容量,且放电容量随着Ti含量的增加而减少,从x=0时的384.6 mAh/g降低到x=0.2时的321.9 mAh/g,合金电极的循环寿命则从x=0时的53.1%提高到x=0.2时的67.8%,合金在1 200 mA/g时的高倍率放电性能先从x=0时的59.3%升高到x=0.1时的66.5%,然后又降低到x=0.2时的63.1%。此外,电化学动力学也显示出先增大后减小的特点。造成以上电化学性能变化的原因是Ti的加入一方面起到了脱氢催化的作用,另一方面使合金表面形成了致密氧化层,虽然阻止了合金进一步的腐蚀,但也降低了合金电极的动力学性能。     

Co掺杂对共沉淀法制备Co-Ni铁氧体纳米颗粒结构及磁性能影响研究

利用共沉淀法成功地合成了(x=0、0.2、0.2、0.4和0.8)纳米颗粒并进行了退火处理.对样品进行了XRD、FT-IR、TG-DSC和VSM等表征.结果显示,样品前驱体中存在少量的杂质如吸收水和硝酸盐,退火处理是获得单相和高度结晶Co-Ni尖晶石铁氧体的必备条件.所有退火样品均是单相立方尖晶石结构纳米晶粒,其平均尺寸在40~60 nm的范围.晶格常数随着Co掺杂含量增加而增加.比表面积测试显示Co掺杂量的增加在一定程度上减少了样品的表面体积比,有利于CoNi铁氧体的晶粒生长.样品饱和磁化(Ms)和矫顽力(Hc)与钴掺杂量密切相关.Ms值从37.5 emu/g(x=0)增加到62.0 emu/g(x=0.8),这是由于较高的掺杂Co~(2+)阳离子磁矩的增强导致A和B亚晶格之间的超交换相互作用增强.矫顽力Hc的大小从73.0 Oe(x=0)到558.3 Oe(x=0.8),这主要是由于掺杂Co~(2+)阳离子具有比Ni~(2+)阳离子更大的磁晶各向异性常数.     

三价铁离子掺杂对钛酸锂结构和化学性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法制备Li4-x/3FexTi5-2x/3O12(x=0,0.03,0.06,0.09)粉体活性材料,并优化了最佳掺杂量为x=0.03。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、恒流充放电测试对材料进行结构、形貌及电化学性能表征。结果表明:掺杂适量的铁离子不会改变钛酸锂的尖晶石结构和形貌。1C时,Li3.99Fe0.03Ti4.98O12首次放电比容量为145.40 m A·h/g;纯相的首次放电比容量仅为116.95 m A·h/g。     

钴铁氧体纳米晶粒的结构及磁特性研究

采用化学共沉法制备了纳米尺度的钴铁氧体粉料,并在1260~1340℃温度下进行了退火处理,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)对样品的结构和磁性进行了测量和分析.实验结果表明,在钴高含量(x≥0.7)时样品形成了单一的具有尖晶石结构的钴铁氧体,而钴含量x<0.7时样品生成了尖晶石结构的钴铁氧体相和α-Fe2O3相;CoxFe3-xO4的比饱和磁化强度σS随x的增加呈现出了先增后减的趋势,在x=0.8时出现峰值;在x=0.5~0.8范围内,矫顽力Hc随钴含量的增加有所下降,随后迅速增加,在x=1.0附近能同时得到较大的σS和Hc值.     

Ho掺杂对BiFeO_3介电、铁磁性及磁电耦合效应的影响

采用固相反应法制备出Bi1-xHoxFeO3(x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2)陶瓷样品,利用X射线衍射仪、精密阻抗分析仪和物性测量系统分别测试了样品的晶体结构、介电特性、磁滞回线并计算出了磁介电系数.结果表明:Ho掺杂量x≤0.1时,Bi1-xHoxFeO3样品呈现扭曲的三方钙钛矿结构,当x≥0.15时,Bi1-xHoxFeO3样品从三方晶系逐渐向正交晶系转变;当频率f=100Hz时,BFO-10%的介电常数是BiFeO3的3倍,且介电损耗相对减小.在f=10kHz,外加磁场为25 00Oe时,BiFeO3,BFO-10%的磁介电系数(MD)分别是-10.17%,-14.65%.在30kOe的磁场作用下,样品的磁滞回线随着掺杂量的增大而逐渐趋向饱和,其剩余磁化强度(Mr)从0.002 4emu/g(BFO)增加到0.116 7emu/g(BFO-20%),说明Ho掺杂显著增强了BFO的铁磁性.     

纳米锰锌铁氧体的制备与结构特性

采用化学沉淀的高纯氧化铁有效地制备出了MnZn铁氧体——ZnxMn1-xFe2O4(x=0.2～0.4),利用XRD、SEM等手段分析和表征了MnZn铁氧体样品的结构.研究结果表明,纳米晶MnZn铁氧体的制备过程分两个阶段,即先生成Zn-Mn2O4,最后在烧结过程中生成Zn0.2Mn0.8Fe2O4锰锌铁氧体.探讨了在此工艺条件下MnZn铁氧体晶体的生长机理.     

Induced modi fi cations in the properties of Sr doped BiFeO3 multiferr oics

Multiferroics exhibit unique combination of ferroic properties,simultaneously.For instance,in BiFeO3,magnetic and electric properties co-exist.In this work,BiFeO3 and Sr-doped BiFeO3 samples with general formula,Bi1-x Srx FeO3(x=0.00,0.05,0.10,0.20,and 0.30) were synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion technique,in order to investigate these ferroic properties.The samples were confrmed to have perovskite type rhombohedral structure,characteristic of BiFeO3.A dilute phase of Bi2Fe4O9was also found in all the Sr-doped samples.The micrographs of the palletized samples revealed that minutely doped Sr might not have any effect on the morphology of the samples.Frequency dependent dielectric measurements were carried out at room temperature for all the samples from 100 Hz to 1 MHz.The dielectric constant of un-doped sample at low frequency was 52 which decreased with increasing Sr doping.An enhancement of magnetic properties was observed with increasing the Sr contents.Pure BiFeO3 material was observed to have the least value of remanent magnetization.As the Sr2+ tions were doped in BiFeO3,its magnetization and remanence were increased to 0.867 emu/g and 0.175 emu/g,respectively,at x=0.30.     

NiCo-Ag纳米颗粒膜输运性质的研究

采用离子束溅射技术制备了一系列不同含量x的(Ni0.8Co0．2)x-Ag1-x。颗粒膜样品，并对样品的各向异性磁电阻和巨磁电阻效应进行了研究，在x=0．4的样品中，GMR值达最大值，为-3％，而AMR值在x=0．75时为0．8％。随着NiCo质量分数x的增加，电子输运行为有着一个从GMRAMR的转变。考察其输运性质，试图来更深入地理解各向异性磁电阻和巨磁电阻效应的物理本质。     

Electrochemical properties of LiNi<Subscript>0.5</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>1.3</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>0.2</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>/Li<Subscript>4</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>5</Subscript>O<Subscript>12</Subscript> cells

Spinel compounds LiNi_0.5Mn_1.3Ti_0.2O₄ (LNMTO) and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) were synthesized by different methods. The particle sizes of LNMTO and LTO are 0.5–2 and 0.5–0.8 μm, respectively. The LNMTO/LTO cell exhibits better electrochemical properties at both a low current rate of 0.2C and a high current rate of 1C. When the specific capacity was determined based on the mass of the LNMTO cathode, the LNMTO/LTO cell delivered 137 mA·h·g⁻¹ at 0.2C and 118.2 mA·h·g⁻¹ at 1C, and the corresponding capacity retentions after 30 cycles are 88.5% and 92.4%, respectively.     

固体电解质Li1＋2x＋2yAlxMgyTi2-x-ySixP3-xO12系统的合成及导电性能的研究

以LiTi2（PO4）3为基,煤矸石为原料经高温固相反应（900℃）制得系列锂离子固体电解质Li1＋2x＋2yAlxMgyTi2-x-ySixP3-xO12（以下简称Ti-Mg-Lisicon）.应用交流阻抗技术测定的电导率数据结果表明x=0.1,y=0.1的合成物室温电导率比较理想为1.30×10-4S/cm,而673 K时x=0.1,y=0.3的合成物的电导率最大,为2.60×10-2 S/cm。X射线衍射分析结果表明在x=0.1,y≤0.7x;=0.2y,≤0.6的组成范围内均得到空间群为R3c的合成物.     

低温-低压水热合成纳米Ba1-xZnxTi1-yCeyO3介电材料及其结构、性能研究

采用低温-低压水热技术,在150℃,0.5 MPa以下合成了一系列Ba1-xZnxTi1-yCeyO3固溶体纳米粉末(0≤x≤0.3,0≤v≤0.3),XRD物相分析和d-间距-组成图证明,产品为立方晶系的完全互溶取代固溶体,结果符合Vegard定律.TEM形貌观察,粒子为均匀球形,平均粒径70 nm.通过制陶实验,分别测定了该系列固溶体的室温介电常数、介电损失以及介电常数随温度的变化,结果发现,通过低温-低压液相反应在BaTiO3中掺入适量锌和铈,由于掺杂离子均匀进入母体晶格,引起t,降低,室温介电常数达18 000以上.纳米粉体的烧结温度为1 200℃,比传统微米级粉体的烧结温度降低150～200℃     

La0.7Zr0.1Mg0.2Ni3.4-xCoxFe0.1合金的制备与电化学性能研究

在氩气保护下采用电磁感应熔炼制备La0.7Zr0.1Mg0.2Ni3.4-xCoxFe0.1（x=0.15,0.25,0.35,0.45）合金,研究合金的相结构,以及Co元素部分取代Ni元素对合金的气态储氢性能和电化学性能的影响。结果表明,合金主要由LaNi5、LaNi2以及La2MgNi9相组成。合金电极的最大放电容量分别为346.7mAh/g（x=0.15）、320.3mAh/g（x=0.25）、363.0mAh/g（x=0.35）和313.3mAh/g（x=0.45）,经过65个充放电循环后,合金电极的容量保持率从63.0%（x=0.15）增加到80.2%（x=0.35）,然后再下降到75.0%（x=0.45）。La0.7Zr0.1Mg0.2Ni3.15Co0.25Fe0.1合金具有较高的高倍率放电性能（HRD1200%=67.3）和较大的极限电流密度（IL=386.8 mA/g）,显示出其良好的电化学动力学性能。     

掺杂铈对锰锌铁氧体微波吸收特性的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了粒状锰锌铁氧体，对其掺杂稀土铈后．得到含铈的锰锌铁氧体Mn0.2Zn0.8Fe2-xCexO4(x=0，0．01,0．03，0．07),并研究了它们的吸波性能,结果表明,锰锌铁氧体在微波段具有很好的吸波性能，掺杂3mol％(x=0．03)铈能提高其吸波效率。     

纳米BaTi_(1-x)Ce_xO_3的合成、烧结与介电性能

采用常压液相法 ,在 10 0℃以下制备了一系列BaTi1-xCexO3 固溶体纳米粉末 (0≤x≤ 0 .3) ,经XRD物相分析和d -间距 -组成图证明 ,产品为立方晶系的完全互溶取代固溶体 ,结果符合Vegard定律 .TEM形貌观察 ,粒子为均匀球形 ,平均粒径 70nm .通过制陶实验 ,分别测定了该系列固溶体的室温介电常数以及介电常数随温度的变化 ,结果发现 ,用软化学方法在BaTiO3中掺入适量铈 ,由于掺杂离子均匀进入母体晶格 ,引起tc 降低 ,室温介电常数达 160 0 0 ,比BaTiO3纯相提高近 10倍 .制陶实验证明纳米粉体的烧结温度为 12 0 0℃ ,比传统微米级粉体的烧结温度降低 15 0～ 2 0 0℃ .     

几个多项式微分系统极限环的个数

研究了可积系统(称为未扰系统).{xx=-y(1+x4).y=x(1+x4).在几类多项式扰动之下极限环的个数.即当未扰系统加上低次扰动后,考虑扰动系统:.xx=-y(1+x4.)x=-y(1+x4),.y=x(1+x4)+εPn(x,y),+εQn(x,y),1≤n≤4,其中Pn,Qn是任意的n次多项式,讨论了它们从未扰系统的周期环处分支出极限环的个数.通过计算扰动系统的一阶M eln i-kov函数以及估计其根的个数得到从未扰系统的周期轨处分支出极限环的最大个数.证明了未扰系统加上1次或者2次扰动项时,扰动系统最多有1个极限环;加上3次或者4次扰动项时,扰动系统最多有4个极限环.