黑苦荞黄酮类化合物的提纯及抑菌活性研究

【目的】研究黑苦荞(Fagopyrum tataricum)乙醇提取物中黄酮类化合物的提纯和抑菌活性。【方法】在体积分数为80%的乙醇溶液作为萃取剂、料液比为1 g∶5 mL的条件下得到粗提物;以三氯化铝比色法测定粗提物中黄酮类化合物含量;用AB-8大孔吸附树脂对粗提物进行纯化;采用打孔法分别测定粗提物和纯化物样品液形成的抑菌圈直径和最小抑菌浓度。【结果】粗提物干膏平均得率为6.26%,黄酮类化合物的平均提取率为2.52%;通过AB-8型大孔吸附树脂纯化,黄酮类化合物的平均吸附率、平均回收率分别为79.37%,42.23%;粗提物对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)均有抑菌活性,对上述细菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为2.5,1.25和2.5 mg·m,对黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)无抑菌活性;纯化物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为250,500和250 μg·m,对黑曲霉无抑菌活性。【结论】黑苦荞黄酮类化合物的对枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌均有抑菌活性,对黑曲霉无抑菌活性。相比粗提物,纯化物对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性明显提高。     

海芦笋黄酮化合物抑菌效果研究

研究海芦笋黄酮化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、沙门氏菌、副溶血弧菌的体外抑制效果。结果表明,海芦笋黄酮化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、沙门氏菌、副溶血弧菌的抑制效果良好,而抑菌效果为:大肠杆菌<沙门氏菌<枯草芽孢杆菌<副溶血弧菌<金黄色葡萄球菌。     

金钗石斛根际土壤放线菌的分离及抑菌活性筛选

采用6种培养基对金钗石斛(Dendrobium nobile Lindl.)根际土壤放线菌进行了分离,通过16S r DNA序列分析对分离菌株进行初步鉴定。以大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、白色念珠菌(Candida albicans)、马铃薯晚疫病菌(Phytophthora infestans)和灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)为指示菌,测定分离菌株的抑菌活性。结果显示:从金钗石斛根际土壤中分离获得164株放线菌,并划分为10个不同操作单元(Operational taxonomic units) OTUs,分别隶属于纤维菌属(Cellulosimicrobium)和链霉菌属(Streptomyces),其中,链霉菌属为优势属,占分离菌株的93. 90%;获得的164株放线菌中有19株链霉菌属菌株具抑菌活性,占分离菌株的11. 58%,其中菌株g62和G29对枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等细菌均表现出显著的抑菌活性,H2对枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌和灰葡萄孢均具有抑菌活性,可见,g62、G29和H2具有广谱抑菌活性。     

壳聚糖的抑菌效果研究

比较了苯甲酸和不同浓度壳聚糖对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、黑曲霉菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌等的抑菌效果.研究结果表明,壳聚糖对以上五种菌均具有一定的抑菌效果,且抑菌效果好于苯甲酸.壳聚糖对金黄色葡萄球菌和苏云金杆菌的最低抑菌浓度为0.125％,对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度为0.25％,对枯草芽孢杆菌的最低抑菌浓度为0.5％,对黑曲霉的最低抑菌浓度为1.0％.说明,金黄色葡萄球菌和苏云金杆菌对壳聚糖较敏感,黑曲霉对壳聚糖不太敏感.     

田基黄提取物抑菌作用的研究

该实验以金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、青黄链霉菌、酿酒酵母菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌和变形杆菌为供试菌种,采用采用滤纸片扩散法对田基黄水提取液进行抑菌实验研究,并测定其最低抑菌浓度（MIC）,其结果表明：田基黄水提取物对供试菌种普遍有抑制作用,黑曲霉除外;MIC也因菌种不同而不同,金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌和青黄链霉菌为0.25g/mL,酿酒酵母菌为0.5g/mL,苏云金芽孢杆菌和变形杆菌均为0.125g/mL.实验还采用不同有机溶剂的提取物对选取的五种供试菌种进行抑菌作用研究,其结果表明：田基黄有机溶剂提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、青黄链霉菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌均有抑制作用,且抑菌效果均比水提取物的抑菌效果明显.     

茜草根不同部位提取物的抑菌效果

为了明确茜草抑菌内含物的最佳提取方法和不同部位的乙醇萃取物的抑菌活性,用体积分数分别为0%、50%、60%、70%、80%的乙醇对茜草根的不同部位进行提取,选择大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌为测试菌。试验结果表明:60%乙醇提取液效果最好,基部根、粗根、细根以基部根抑菌效果最好。基部根和粗根的提取液对金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌最小抑菌浓度均为0.125 g/mL,对大肠杆菌最小抑菌浓度为0.250 g/mL;细根对3种菌的最小抑菌浓度高于其他两者。     

云南琵琶甲化学成分的抑菌活性

采用平板稀释法测定了从昆虫云南琵琶甲中分离到的１０种化学成分对大肠 杆菌、绿脓杆菌,巨大芽孢杆菌、白色葡萄球菌、滕黄八叠球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌作用。结果表明,化合物Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅶ对大肠杆菌、对大大肠杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、白色葡萄球菌、腾黄八叠球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌有很强的抑菌活性,所有化合物对绿脓杆菌无抑菌活性。     

橙皮素芳酰腙化合物的微波合成与抑菌活性研究

利用微波辐射技术,以橙皮素和芳酰肼为原料设计合成3种橙皮素芳酰腙类化合物,应用红外光谱、核磁共振谱、质谱和元素分析等分析手段对化合物进行了结构表征.抑菌活性实验表明,合成的3种橙皮素芳酰腙类化合物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性与橙皮素相比均有较大增强.     

东紫苏根中抑菌活性成分的研究

采用生物活性跟踪法从东紫苏根中分离出3个具有广谱抑菌活性的物质,通过波谱分析并与文献值比较,分别鉴定为卢氏冬凌草素5(Ⅰ)、槲皮素(Ⅱ)和木犀草素(Ⅲ),其中化合物Ⅰ为首次从该属植物中分离得到.抑菌试验表明:3个化合物对枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌等有不同程度的抑菌和杀菌作用.     

药用植物虎杖内生放线菌的分离及抑菌活性的研究

采用平板涂布法从药用植物虎杖(Polygonurn cuspidatum)中分离出内生放线菌41株,以大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)、沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhl)、白色念珠菌(Monilia albican)为靶标菌,采用滤纸片扩散法研究了虎杖内生放线菌发酵液的抑菌活性。结果显示,共有13株内生放线菌对5种靶标菌表现了不同程度的抑菌活性,占分离总数的31.7%。有5株内生放线菌表现出较明显的抑菌活性,特别是PEA004和PEA013菌株对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌圈分别达17 mm,15 mm,并且对其它几种靶标菌也表现出不同程度的抑菌活性。     

Layered La-Ba-Cu mixed oxides with perovskite structure as catalyst for NO reduction by CO

The mixed oxides, including LaBa₂Cu₃O₇, LaBaCu₂O₅, La₄BaCu₅O₁₂ with perovskite structure, were prepared. The catalysts were characterized by means of chemical analysis, XRD, H₂-TPR. It was found that their structures were layered ABO₃ perovskite structure and they were the active catalysts for the NO reduction by CO. The existance of Cu³⁺ is an important factor to give the catalysts a high activity for the NO reduction by CO.     

POM@Fe-MOF衍生物的结构及其电化学性能

采用溶剂热法将Keggin型H_3PW_(12)O_(40)作为次级结构单元引入Fe-MOF结构中,合成出具有花状结构的POM@Fe-MOF材料,以其为模板在不同工艺条件下制备出衍生物WO_2@FePO_4和WO_3@WC@C。借助SEM、XRD等分析了衍生物的表面形貌及物相结构,并将WO_2@FePO_4和WO_3@WC@C分别作为超级电容器的正、负极材料,利用三电极体系在浓度为6mol/L的KOH电解质溶液中对其电化学性能进行表征,在0.5A/g的充电电流密度下分别得到了68.6F/g和70F/g的最高比电容。     

Preparation of Al<Subscript>72</Subscript>Ni<Subscript>8</Subscript>Ti<Subscript>8</Subscript>Zr<Subscript>6</Subscript>Nb<Subscript>3</Subscript>Y<Subscript>3</Subscript> amorphous powders and bulk materials

Amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were successfully fabricated by mechanical alloying. The microstructure, glass-forming ability, and crystallization behavior of amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The isothermal crystallization kinetics was analyzed by the Johnson–Mehl–Avrami equation. In the results, the supercooled liquid region of the amorphous alloy is as high as 81 K, as determined by non-isothermal DSC curves. The activation energy for crystallization is as high as 312.6 kJ·mol?1 obtained by Kissinger and Ozawa analyses. The values of Avrami exponent (n) imply that the crystallization is dominated by interface-controlled three-dimensional growth in the early stage and the end stage and by diffusion-controlled two- or three-dimensional growth in the middle stage. In addition, the amorphous Al₇₂Ni₈Ti₈Zr₆Nb₃Y₃ powders were sintered under 2 GPa at temperatures of 673 K and 723 K. The results show that the Vickers hardness of the compacted powders is as high as Hv 1215.     

Physical chemistry mechanisms of CDR system in sulphide mineral flotation

The flotation tests, zeta potential measurements, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis on galena, sphalerite, and pyrite were studied in a collecting-depressing-reactivating (CDR) system. In this system, sulphide minerals were first collected and activated by the collector, and then depressed strongly by Ca(OH)₂ in a strong alkaline solution. Finally, they were reactivated by H₂SO₄. The flotation tests of pure minerals showed that in the Ca(OH)₂ depressing process sulphide minerals had similar flotation characteristics because they had already been influenced by the collector. Hence, the flotability differences between them were reduced. However, in the H₂SO₄ reactivating process considerable differences in the flotability between galena and sphalerite/pyrite were produced. That is to say, galena was relatively easy to be reactivated by H₂SO₄, but sphalerite and pyrite were not reactivated at pH > 11. The zeta potentials of sulfide minerals measured by the Zeta Plus presented irreversible characteristics on the change of pH values. The results of the FTIR spectra analysis indicated that the collectors already adsorbed on the mineral surface were removed partially by Ca(OH)₂.     

铅离子胁迫下盆栽玉米叶片光谱微分的红边响应研究

基于重金属铅(Pb)污染的盆栽实验玉米,采用光谱仪和叶绿素仪测量了不同浓度Pb~(2+)胁迫下玉米老、中、新叶片的反射光谱及其叶绿素含量;也运用质谱仪测定了不同胁迫浓度叶片中Pb~(2+)含量。对玉米老、中、新叶片中的叶绿素含量与各类叶片及土壤中的Pb~(2+)浓度进行了相关性分析;并为了区分玉米叶片铅离子污染程度和预测Pb~(2+)含量,提出了红边一阶微分曲线面积比值(FARR)和红边一阶微分峰前面积(FABR)参数;同时与常规红边一阶微分包围面积(FAR)、红边一阶微分曲线陡峭度(FCDR)、红边位置(REP)以及红边最大值(MR)作运用比较,实验结果表明,玉米叶片中的叶绿素含量从新叶、中叶到老叶逐渐增加,并随着土壤中Pb~(2+)浓度的升高而降低;受到Pb~(2+)胁迫时,新叶片到老叶片的REP"蓝移"更为明显;FARR和FABR在Pb~(2+)的胁迫程度区分和污染监测方面比FAR、FCDR、REP、MR具有更好的预测效果。     

(La0.9Dy0.1)2/3Ba1/3Mn1-xAlxO3(x=0,0.05)氧化物的结构与磁性

【目的】为改善(La_(0.9)Dy_(0.1))_(2/3)Ba_(1/3)Mn_(1-x)Al_xO_3的磁热性能,研究掺杂Al对其晶体结构、居里温度、相变类型以及磁热性能的影响。【方法】采用固相反应法制备锰氧化物(La_(0.9)Dy_(0.1))_(2/3)Ba_(1/3)Mn_(1-x)Al_xO_3(x=0,0.05)样品,利用X射线衍射法分析样品的结构,用振动样品磁强计测量样品的磁性。【结果】所制备样品均为单相钙钛矿结构,属于菱方晶系,空间群为R-3c(No.167)。掺杂Al使样品居里温度由无掺杂的274K降低到248K,在外加磁场变化为20kOe时最大磁熵变由2.16J/(kg·K)降低到1.85J/(kg·K)。样品的铁磁-顺磁相变属于二级相变。采用双交换作用机制解释了居里温度和磁化强度的变化。【结论】非磁性元素Al替代Mn不改变其晶体结构,稍微降低了锰氧化物的磁热性能。     

Mg2+-induced LHC II aggregation in thylakoid membrane

Mg²⁺-induced changes in 77K fluorescence spectra of wheat thylakoid membranes were analyzed by a Gaussian deconvolution program. All spectra were fitted well with 7 Gaussian sub-bands. The sub-band areas for the LHC H macroaggregate (F₆₉₉) and PS II (F₆₈₅ and F₆₉₅) were increased and those for the LHC II trimer (F₆₈₁) and PS I (F₇₂₉ and F₇₄₀) were decreased by Mg²⁺. Moreover, it was found that the sub-band area ratio for F₆₉₉ over F₆₈₁ was dramatically enhanced by Mg²⁺ by 1.72 times. It was concluded that the LHC II trimer in thylakoid membranes could be aggregated and transformed into its macroaggregate by Mg²⁺ on a large scale. The possible implication of the Mg²⁺-induced LHC II aggregation was also discussed.     

Improved electrochemica l properties by lithium insertion into Co3O4 in aqueous LiOH solution

Co₃O₄ microspheres were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal treatment.The first-cycle charge-discharge tests were carried out between-0.6 and 0.6 V vs.SCE.The pristine,discharged and recharged specimens were characterized by X-ray power diffraction and scanning electron microscopy.Cyclic voltammetry（CV） curves of Co₃O₄ at various concentrations in LiOH solution were investigated.The appearance of the two pairs of redox peaks indicated that two sets of faradaic reactions were involved in the redox reactions of Co₃O₄ to LiCoO₂ and LiHCoO₂.     

Synthesis of new bis-diphenyl-22-and diphenyl-11-membered ring N-pivot lariat crown ethers

Bis-diphenyl 22 and 11-Membered Ring N-pivot lariat Crown Ethers^[1,2] were prepared by one step reaction of 2,2′-dihydroxy-diphenyl with N-tosyl-diethanolamine ditoskylate in DMF at refluxing temperature under N₂, Using anhydrous potassium carbonate as condensing agent, respectirely. The tosyl group of (1,2) were removed by treatment with 40% HBr in AcoH in the presence gf a large amount of phenol to give correspondence crown ether compounds (3,4). New N-pirot lariat crown thers (5,6) were prepared by one step reaction of (3) with RBr (R=?CH₂CH=CH₂, ?CH₂(CH₂)₁₄CH₃) in CH₃CN at, refluxing temperature under N₂, Using anhydrous K₂CO₃ as condensing, agent. New N-pivot lariat croon ether(7) were prepared by one step reaction (4) withn-bromohexadecane in CH₃CN at refluxing temperature under N₂, Using anhydrous potassium carbonate as condensing agent. New compounds (1,3,5,6,7) were characterized by IR,¹H NMR, Ms and elemental analysis.     

Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium for 1-Butanol-Water-KF and 1-Butanol-Water-K2CO3 Systems

KF or K2CO3 was added into the 1-butanol-water system and two phases were formed： water-rich phase （water phase） and 1-butanol-rich phase （1-butanol phase）. The liquid liquid equilibrium （LLE） data for 1-butanol-water-KF and 1-butanol-water-K2CO3 systems were measured at 25℃ and showed that 1-butanol phase contained negligible salt and water phase contained negligible 1-butanol when the concentrations of KF and K2CO3 in the water phase were equal to or higher than 27.11% and 31.68% , respectively. Thus water could be separated efficiently from 1-butanol-water by adding KF or K2CO3 into the system. A theoretical calculation of LLE data was calculated by using the Pitzer theory to get water activity in the water phase, and by the models, such as the Wilson, NRTL or the UNIQUAC for the 1-butanol phase. For 1-hutanol-water-KF system, the experimental data were found in good agreement with the calculated results by using Pitzer theory and Wilson equa tion, while for 1-butanol-water-K2CO3 system, the experimental data were found in good agreement with the calculated results by using Pitzer theory and UNIQUAC eauation.