利用MODIS遥感大气气溶胶及气溶胶产品的应用

介绍了利用EOS卫星上MODIS传感器遥感大气气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)的技术,总结了作者利用MODIS资料进行的研究工作,包括利用太阳光度计的地面观测进行MODIS 10 km分辨率Level 2气溶胶产品的校验、利用该产品分析我国陆地上空气溶胶光学厚度分布特征、1 km高分辨率气溶胶光学厚度反演、气溶胶光学厚度产品应用于大气污染的分析等.证实MODIS遥感手段获取气溶胶分布,不仅为全球和区域气候变化研究提供了基础数据,而且也为区域环境大气污染的研究提供了新工具.     

兰州地区MODIS气溶胶光学厚度和空气污染指数相关性研究

利用2009年1 12月兰州地区的MODIS气溶胶光学厚度产品与全球自动观测网(AERONET)SACOL站(104.08 E,35.57 N)数据进行对比分析,相关系数达到0.82,线性拟合的斜率为1.13,截距为0.07,表明MODIS AOD能反映兰州地区气溶胶分布的信息.利用MODIS AOD产品与兰州市空气污染指数做相关分析,二者的相关程度较低.在进行湿度影响因子、气溶胶标高订正后,二者相关性有了较为显著的提高,说明MODIS AOD产品可应用于监测兰州地区大气污染情况.     

基于MODIS影像的成都地区气溶胶光学厚度反演

成都经济的高速发展导致空气污染,大气污染已经严重威胁人类健康,对其进行调查和监测是有效治理大气污染问题的基础。气溶胶反映了大气层中颗粒物含量的多少或空气污染程度,所以精确探测气溶胶光学厚度具有重要意义。利用遥感技术可以进行重复周期性监测气溶胶光学厚度,覆盖面大,节省人力物力。以MODIS影像为基础数据,利用6S大气传输模式建立查找表,在ENVI软件中完成成都市气溶胶光学厚度的反演,以此达到成都大气监测的目的。     

基于MODIS影像江西省气溶胶时空分布变化遥感分析

使用2000—2018年的MODIS MOD04_3K气溶胶标准产品对江西省气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)进行提取.通过合成年均值、月均值和季均值AOD数据,分析550 nm处气溶胶光学厚度的时空变化特征.结果表明:2006年与2014年为两个波峰,南昌市、宜春市等人为活动频繁的中北部地区AOD值偏高,省边缘及南部AOD值较...     

附加气溶胶信息以改进地表温度反演算法

FY-3A上搭载的中分辨率成像光谱仪(MERSI)和扫描辐射计(VIRR)都包含热红外通道,可用于地表温度的反演。结合热红外通道的光谱响应函数,用MODTRAN模拟清洁大气、城市气溶胶、乡村气溶胶和沙尘气溶胶条件下的亮温值,通过分裂窗算法求解不同气溶胶类型和光学厚度下的地表温度。结果表明:气溶胶类型和光学厚度之间的差异会造成热红外通道的亮温差发生变化,这一现象在VIRR的热红外通道表现得尤为显著。通过拟合系数和气溶胶光学厚度之间的关系建立新的反演算法,发现:在分裂窗算法基础上加入气溶胶光学厚度这一参量之后,地表温度反演的均方根误差有所降低,尤其是在气溶胶浓度高时改进效果更佳,其中对城市气溶胶这一类型改善效果明显(RMSE由0.814 K下降到0.442 K,BIAS从0.998K降到0.668 K)。     

MODIS资料遥感黄土高原半干旱地区气溶胶光学厚度

借助6S辐射传输模式,模拟了MODIS红、蓝、中红外通道的表观反射率在不同气溶胶类型下对地表反射率和气溶胶光学厚度的敏感性试验.利用Kaufman扩展的暗像元方法反演了黄土高原半干旱地区晴空天气条件下的2.5 km高分辨率气溶胶光学厚度,选取的10天反演结果有6天的相对误差较小,在16%以下,绝对误差小于0.05的有7天.反演的10天资料中,兰州大学半干旱气候与环境观测站与之对应的CE-318观测资料的光学厚度平均值为0.2226,反演的平均值为0.2170,反演结果较合理.将反演结果与CE-318观测资料和NASA发布的气溶胶产品进行了对比,显示反演结果与NASA发布结果的空间发布存在一致性.     

MODIS气溶胶光学厚度产品在地面PM_(10)监测方面的应用研究

利用MODIS(中分辨率成像光谱仪)两年的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)产品与北京地区API转化得到的PM10质量浓度、北京大学站点直接监测的PM10质量浓度以及香港元朗站点监测的PM10质量浓度做相关性分析,发现二者的直接相关程度较低。将AOD除以气溶胶季节标高,得到地面消光系数,与地面PM10质量浓度相关性提高。对地面消光系数进行相对湿度订正,得到计算的质量浓度,与地面实际观测的PM10质量浓度相关性进一步提高。经过两年时间资料的对比分析,证实气溶胶遥感光学厚度经过垂直和湿度影响订正后,可以应用于地面PM10监测。     

北京市MODIS气溶胶光学厚度和PM2.5浓度的时空差异及其相关性研究

利用NASA MODIS数据反演北京市气溶胶光学厚度,探讨与北京市12个环境污染监测站点PM2.5质量浓度的时空差异及其相关性。结果显示,AOT与PM2.5均有明显的时空分布特征;二者的日均值具有相反的季节性变化特征(AOT夏季日均值高于冬季,PM2.5浓度日均值相反);日均值空间分布围绕城区向远郊区递减;二者的相关性对季节变化敏感,夏季相关性较好,冬季相关性较差。且郊区相关性明显优于城区。因此,卫星气溶胶数据可以反映PM2.5的分布,弥补地面监测站点的不足。     

南京市MODIS气溶胶光学厚度与PM10质量浓度的相关性分析

利用NASA MODIS气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)产品与南京市区API转换得到的PM10质量浓度进行了相关性分析;发现二者的直接相关程度较低。对气溶胶光学厚度进行垂直和湿度影响订正后,二者的相关系数显著提高。结合风速和气压等气象因子分季节进行多元回归分析,相关系数进一步提高。分析结果表明卫星遥感气溶胶光学厚度可以作为监测PM10污染分布的有效手段。     

MODIS气溶胶光学厚度与青岛市市南区空气污染指数的回归分析

以青岛市市南区中国海洋大学鱼山校区为研究区域,利用MODIS二级产品的大气气溶胶光学厚度(aerosol optical thickness,AOT)数据、天空辐射计反演得到的AOT数据以及地面测量的空气污染指数(air pollution index,API)数据,利用统计回归分析方法,建立AOT与API之间的数学模型,考虑了湿度因子对API的影响及校正,并分季节进行了分析.在此基础上,探讨利用卫星遥感气溶胶光学厚度进行大气污染监测的可行性.     

Validation of MODIS aerosol products by CSHNET over China

The Chinese Sun Hazemeter Network (CSHNET) provides the necessary ground-based observation to validate and assess the applicability of MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD) products over different ecological and geographic regions in China for the first time. The validation results show that the comprehensive utilization ratio and applicability of MODIS products varied very much over different regions and seasons from August 2004 to July 2005. On the Tibetan Plateau, the comprehensive utili- zation ratio of MODIS data was low: MODIS products only accounted for 16% of the ground-based observation; on average, 31% to 45% of MODIS products fell within the retrieval errors issued by NASA. A similar result was found in northern desert areas with the ratio of MODIS to observation ranging from 15% to 55%, with 7% to 39% of MODIS products within errors. In the remote northeast corner of China, low ratios of MODIS to observation were also found ranging from 14% to 46%, with 49% to 69% of MODIS within errors. The forested sites exhibited moderate ratios of MODIS to observation ranging from 46% to 65%, with 30% to 59% of MODIS within errors. This was similar to numbers observed at sites along eastern seashore of China and inland urban sites with the ratio of MODIS to observation between 63% to 75%, with 25% to 67% of MODIS within errors for sites along eastern seashore of China and 43% to 78%, with 35% to 75% of MODIS within errors for inland urban sites. The ratio of MODIS to observation over agricultural areas ranged from 61% to 89%; 59%-88% of MODIS fell within the retrieval errors. At homogeneous and well vegetated areas, the comprehensive utilization ratio of MODIS products was over 80% and above 70% of MODIS products fell within the retrieval errors in growing season.     

Significant overestimation of global aerosol optical thickness by MODIS over land

Global aerosol optical thickness (AOT) data over land obtained from the Moderate Resolu-tion Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are evaluated through comparisons with AOT data retrieved by Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). In general, MODIS overestimates AOT except at a few AERONET sites in Africa and eastern Asia. MODIS/AOTs are, on average, larger than AERONET/AOTs by 0.041 and 0.090 at 470 nm and 660 nm, respectively. The AOT bias at 660 nm is significantly correlated to the surface reflectance at 2130 nm. Both facts suggest that the underestimation of the surface reflectance is the principal reason for this bias at 660 nm. To use the MODIS/AOT at 470 nm is strongly recommended because it is much more reliable than the AOT at 660 nm.     

基于MODIS数据的海洋叶绿素反演算法研究

海洋叶绿素的反演在海洋-大气系统的碳循环、赤潮灾害监测等方面具有重要意义。选择南海乐东县作为研究区,基于MODIS 250 m分辨率数据,将MODIS水色产品数据集和南海实测数据集作为实测值数据集分别建立二波段比值、植被指数NDVI以及逐步回归模型,反演研究区的叶绿素浓度。结果显示,基于南海实测数据集建立的反演模型精度普遍较高,R~2值都达到0.7以上,其中逐步回归模型精度最高,R~2值达到0.778 3。反演结果表明,在实测值支持下,MODIS高分辨率数据在叶绿素反演方面能够达到较好的反演效果,同时也提高了在MODIS数据使用方面的空间反演精度,证明MODIS高分辨率数据在海洋叶绿素反演方面能得到较好的应用。     

Characteristics of distribution and seasonal variation of aerosol optical depth in eastern China with MODIS products

The accuracy of MODIS aerosol products from the NASA Terra Satellite is validated in comparison with the results of sun-photometer observations in Beijing and Hong Kong. By analyzing the MODIS aerosol products within the period of August 2000 to April 2003, it is believed that human activities are the main source of aerosols in the eastern part of China. This is based on the facts that all areas with relatively high values are consistent with regions of dense population and fast economic development, such as the North China Plain, the Sichuan Basin and the Pearl River Delta. It is also supported by the distribution of 舗gstr鰉 exponents showing that most aerosols in the eastern part of China are closely related to human activities, excepting the strong sandstorm episodes occurring in spring, fall and winter. In contrast to developed countries, the 舗gstr鰉 exponent of urban area in China is lower than its surroundings, indicating that the contribution of local floating dust and soot attributed to human activities is significant. Results presented in this paper provide important data for further research on climatic change and environmental study.     

Analysis of variation trends and causes of aerosol optical depth in Shaanxi Province using MODIS data

The temporal and spatial variations and causes of aerosol optical depth （AOD） in Shaanxi Province were investigated based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） derived aerosol data for the period of March 2000-February 2012. The results showed that the distribution of aerosol was largely affected by topography and local economic activities. Heavy aero- sol loading and increasing tendency in AOD was observed in Guanzhong, Hanzhong and Ankang basin, while a reverse tendency was revealed in most other regions. The spatial distribution of aerosol Angstrom wavelength exponent was predominantly related to vegetation coverage in Shaanxi. Airborne dust from ground is an important source of coarse mode aerosols. Vegetation im- provement indicated by an increase in normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） and a reduction in dust weather led to a gradual decrease in coarse mode AOD to the north of Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi, while anthropogenic activities led to an in- crease in fine mode AOD in other areas except those covered by forests. The main aerosol type gradually shifted to the urban industrial type in Shaanxi.     

A Bayesian based quasi-analytical algorithm for retrieval of inherent optical properties from ocean color

The recently developed quasi-analytical algorithm （QAA） is a promising algorithm for deriving inherent optical properties from ocean color. Unlike the conventional semi-analytical algorithm, QAA does not need a priori knowledge of the spectral shape of chlorophyll absorption. However, several empirical relations, which may not be universally applicable and can result in low noise tolerance, are involved in QAA. In this study, the Bayesian inversion theory is introduced to improve the performance of QAA. In the estimation of total absorption coefficient at the reference wavelength, instead of empirical algorithms used in the QAA, the Bayesian approach is employed in combination with an optical model that uses separate parameters to account explicitly for the contribution of molecular and particle scatterings to remote sensing reflectance, a priori knowledge produced by the QAA, the Akaike＇s Bayesian information criterion （ABIC） for choosing the optimal regularization parameter, and genetic algorithms for global optimization. Coefficients at other wavelengths are then derived using an empirical estimate of particle backscattering spectral shape. When applied to a simulated dataset synthesized by IOCCG, the Bayesian algorithm outperforms QAA algorithm, especially in higher chlorophyll concentration waters. The root mean square errors （RMSEs） between the true and the derived α（440） and bb（440） are reduced from 0.918 and 0.039 m^-1 for QAA-555 to 0.367 and 0.023 m^-1 for Bayes-555, 0.205 and 0.007 m^-1 for QAA-640 to 0.092 and 0.005 m^-1 for Bayes-640, and 0.207 and 0.007 m^-1 for QAA-blending to 0.096 and 0.005 m^-1 for Bayes-blending. Results of noise sensitivity analysis show that the Bayesian algorithm is more robust than QAA.     

东中国海域上空modis与seawifs两颗卫星反演气溶胶的比较

通过与地基气溶胶观测数据的对比,确认了MODIS,Sea WiFS气溶胶光学厚度产品用于研究中国海域气溶胶分布和变化特征的有效性.在此基础上,交叉比较了MODIS和Sea WiFS的气溶胶三级产品,发现他们在空间变化趋势上是一致的,在中国海域的气溶胶光学厚度都是随着离岸越远,气溶胶的光学厚度越来越小,在北纬30°-35°有高值区,在靠近大陆的沿岸地带也是气溶胶的光学厚度的高值区.Sea WiFS反演的气溶胶光学厚度整体比MODIS反演的气溶胶光学厚度偏高,两者的年平均气溶胶光学厚度有明显的区别.     

利用风云2C静止卫星可见光资料反演气溶胶光学厚度

探讨利用中国风云2C静止卫星可见光资料反演气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)的数值方法。通过计算一个月中每日同一时刻平均地表反射率来降低地表反射率估计的随机性, 讨论了该方法中对清洁天AOD值的不同假设对结果的影响。将2008年5月由风云2C可见光资料反演得到的AOD产品分别与东亚6个AERONET站点的AOD产品和MODIS的AOD产品进行了比较, 分析了风云2C卫星的AOD产品算法的误差来源和降低误差影响以及改善产品质量的方案。结果对比表明, 在东亚地区利用风云2C可见光资料反演的AOD产 品可以展示气溶胶的分布样式, 但是目前的算法高估了中国西南部地区和低纬度一些地区的AOD值而低估了中国东部地区的AOD值。     

MODIS卫星监测中国东部地区地面颗粒物的样本时间代表性分析

选取2011年中国东部地区428个测站的PM10质量浓度资料, 用Terra和Aqua MODIS AOD产品的时间分布作为指示数据, 检验日、月、季、年时间尺度下, 卫星过境时刻地面PM数据(SATPM)对地面所有时刻数据平均值(ALLPM)的代表性。结果发现, 在东部大部分地区, SATPM与ALLPM的相对误差在±20%以 内, 且Aqua-MODIS代表性更好。此外, 结合两颗卫星的数据, 经拟合订正获得了新的日、年时间尺度上PM10质量浓度数据, 将其与ALLPM的相关系数从0.87和0.83提高到0.90。此检验结果对于检验卫星数据反演 的PM2.5的代表性也有一定指导意义。