掺杂二维Ising系统的相图研究

用Monte-Carlo模拟方法研究了非磁性掺杂下二维Ising系统的相图.在平面四角点阵上,以晶格Ising模型为框架,在周期性边界条件下详细观测了不同非磁性物质掺杂浓度下系统磁化强度和磁畴生长随温度变化的关系,并根据有限尺寸标度理论得到其相变温度.结果发现:当掺杂浓度较低时,存在铁磁与顺磁间的相变;而掺杂浓度较高时,在仅考虑近邻作用下系统无铁磁相.当考虑次近邻相互作用时,发现相变温度将升高.另外考察了不同掺杂浓度下的自旋密度关联.     

PbTiO3铁电薄膜的应力与尺寸效应

用推广的Landau Devonshire理论研究了应力与尺寸效应对PbTiO3(PTO)薄膜的铁电/介电性质的影响.研究表明:在外推长度δ>0时,张应力使膜的相变温度降低、自发极化减小,压应力使膜的相变温度升高、自发极化增加.在温度一定时PTO薄膜存在一个临界应力σc,当应力大于σc时,任意膜厚都保持顺电相.当应力小于σc时,存在尺寸驱动的相变,即当膜厚大于临界尺寸Lc时,膜进入铁电相;而当膜厚小于临界尺寸Lc时,膜处于顺电相.     

由弹性键连接的V形分子双轴向列相液晶的相变

对由弹性键相连的V形液晶分子系统的相变进行了研究.根据分子间简单相互作用能,利用平均场理论得到系统平衡态序参数随温度的变化,以及系统在分子结构和温度平面内的相图.结果表明液晶相变温度与弹性键强度系数k及棒长比r有关.当k>0和k<0且|k|时,系统由各向同性相经一级相变进入单轴相,再经二级相变进入双轴向列相,随着|k|的增大,一级相变消失,变为弱一级相变或连续相变.当k<0且|k|>r=1时,系统由各向同性相经一级相变进入双轴相,随着|k|的增大,一级相变消失,变为二级相变.     

强耦合界面极化子的相变

本文利用боголюбов不等式讨论了界面极化子的温度关系,发现在某个临界温度下发生由极化子相到自由电子相的相变。当温度小于临界温度时,极化子的各物理量均受温度影响。极化子只能存在于静态介电常数较小的介质中。     

铁电颗粒的尺寸效应

应用具有长程相互作用的横场伊辛模型模拟了铁电颗粒,考察了尺寸和长程相互作用对铁电颗粒的极化和相变的影响．我们得到的结论是：1．随着铁电颗粒尺寸的减小和长程相互作用的增强．铁电颗粒的相变温度降低,同时发现铁电颗粒存在一个临界尺寸,当铁电颗粒的尺寸小于临界尺寸时,铁电颗粒将不会有铁电相到顺电相的相变．且此临界尺寸随长程相互作用的增强而变大．2随着长程相互作用的增强,铁电颗粒的极化强度增大,在相同的条件下,晶格中心点的极化强度总是大于晶格边上的格点的极化强度．     

基于摄动法的相变材料熔点附近热导率测量方法

以Stefan半无限大理论为基础,建立柱坐标系下一维径向相变传热的数学模型;运用摄动法推导相变材料熔点处液相热导率与相界面移动规律之间的测量模型,基于此模型设计一套测量相变材料熔点附近热导率的测量系统。采用相变蓄热系统中常用的结晶水合盐——八水氢氧化钡作为实验对象,分别在热边界温度为356,361和366 K时进行实验,通过测量相界面的移动变化规律,计算得到相变材料的热导率。研究结果表明:在这3个热边界温度下,相变材料液相热导率测量平均值分别为0.673,0.658和0.651 W·m-1·K-1;采用该方法进行测量时,只需控制热源边界温度,无需测量热流密度,1次实验即可获得多组热导率,测量精度较高,具有较强实用性。     

暗能量背景下黑洞的全息相变

在暗能量背景下,研究了黑洞的热力学熵和纠缠熵的相结构.分别讨论了黑洞的电荷和暗能量态参数对黑洞相结构的影响.对于固定的暗能量态参数,当电荷的值增大时,黑洞热力学熵和纠缠熵的相结构与范德瓦尔斯相变的相结构完全类似,即黑洞先后经历一阶相变、二阶相变,最后达到稳定态.对于固定的电荷,当暗能量态参数增大时,黑洞热力学熵和纠缠熵的相结构并不完全类似.特别是,纠缠熵随暗能量态参数的变化与热力学熵的变化趋势完全相反.相同的是,当暗能量态参数增大时,在纠缠熵-温度平面和热力学熵-温度平面,黑洞都经历一阶相变和二阶相变.对于热力学熵和纠缠熵,发现在一阶相变的不稳定区域,麦克斯韦的等面积法则始终成立,在二阶相变临界点附近,热容的临界指数都是2/3.     

用于智能材料与结构的NiTi丝的电阻特性研究

研究了拉伸过程中,ＮｉＴｉ形状记忆合金丝的应变与电阻的关系．结果表明,对于初始组织为马氏体的ＮｉＴｉ丝,在拉伸过程中,电阻与应变之间成线性关系．对于初始组织为奥氏体或奥氏马氏体两者混合的ＮｉＴｉ丝,当发生应力诱发马氏体相变后,曲线的斜率降低,相变前后电阻－应变保持线性关系．对于初始组织含有Ｒ相组织的ＮｉＴｉ丝,在拉伸过程中,电阻的变化规律较为复杂,取决于初始组织中各相的比例和温度．在卸载阶段,当没有相变过程发生时,电阻－应变之间呈线性关系;当有相变过程发生时,电阻－应变曲线的斜率会发生改变．     

各向异性晶场中横向Ising模型的相图

用相关有效场理论研究在各向异性晶场中自旋s=3/2横向Ising模型的磁性质,给出该Ising模型的相变公式,具体计算了具有配位数为3的蜂窝点阵的系统相变温度·结果表明各向异性晶场和横向磁场对具有蜂窝点阵的系统的相变温度有很大影响,当横向磁场小于0457时,无论各向异性晶场取值多大,转变温度都不会降到零,而当横向磁场降为零时,转变温度将趋近于常数0525,另外所有在相变点发生的相变皆为二级相变·     

自旋S＝1／2具有无规横场的各向异性海森堡模型的相变特性

运用双自旋集团近似的方法研究了交换作用各向异性和无规场对自旋S=1/2海森堡系统的相变和磁化强度的影响.当外场为零时存在一个临界交换作用各向异性参数γc.当γ＞yc,横向交换作用进一步增强,相变温度消失,系统处于无序状态.交换作用各向异性不仅降低了相变温度,而且降低了三临界点的位置.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the