2种农药对麦瑞加拉鲮鱼幼鱼的急性毒性

以体长(5.56±0.31)cm、体质量(2.67±0.40)g的麦瑞加拉鲮鱼幼鱼为试验动物,采用静水试验法,在水温28.1±0.6℃条件下,开展了氟虫腈、乐果对麦瑞加拉鲮鱼幼鱼的急性毒性研究。结果表明:氟虫腈对麦瑞加拉鲮鱼幼鱼24h、48h、72h、96h的半致死浓度分别为0.020mg/L(95%置信限[0.009,0.066])、0.017mg/L(95%置信限[0.007,0.064])、0.010mg/L(95%置信限[0.004,0.041])、0.004mg/L(95%置信限[0.002,0.017]);乐果对麦瑞加拉鲮鱼幼鱼24h、48h、72h、96h的半致死浓度分别为315.500mg/L(95%置信限[150.453,372.135])、142.233mg/L(95%置信限[64.565,190.985])、62.517mg/L(95%置信限[25.136,102.825])、28.708mg/L(95%置信限[12.759,46.174])。麦瑞加拉鲮鱼幼鱼对氟虫腈、乐果的96h安全质量浓度分别为0.0004mg/L、2.8708mg/L,2种农药的毒性大小为氟虫腈、乐果。最后,还就氟虫腈、乐果对麦瑞加拉鲮鱼幼鱼的急性致毒效应特征以及麦瑞加拉鲮鱼幼鱼对氟虫腈、乐果的安全浓度进行了评价。     

3种有机磷农药对黑鲷幼鱼的急性毒性研究

以体长(5.09±0.71)cm、体重(2.09±0.66)g的黑鲷幼鱼为实验动物,采用静水停食实验法,在水温(28.8±1.6)℃条件下,开展了乙酰甲胺磷、辛硫磷、三唑磷对黑鲷幼鱼的急性毒性实验。结果表明,3种农药对黑鲷幼鱼均呈现以蓄积为主导的急性毒发效应,3种农药对黑鲷幼鱼的毒性大小依次为三唑磷、辛硫磷和乙酰甲胺磷,其中乙酰甲胺磷对黑鲷幼鱼24h,48h,72h,96h的半致死浓度分别为30.11mg/L,21.83mg/L,17.30mg/L,14.07mg/L;辛硫磷对黑鲷幼鱼24h,48h,72h,96h的半致死浓度分别为0.50mg/L,0.49mg/L,0.34mg/L,0.30mg/L;三唑磷对黑鲷幼鱼24h,48h,72h,96h的半致死浓度分别为0.068mg/L,0.060mg/L,0.054mg/L,0.051mg/L。最后,还就黑鲷幼鱼对乙酰甲胺磷、辛硫磷、三唑磷的急性致毒效应特征、药物间的致毒效果及其安全浓度进行了评价。     

3种常见农药对泥螺、彩虹明樱蛤的急性毒性

开展了狂杀宝、乙酰甲胺磷、三唑磷等3种常见农药对泥螺和彩虹明樱蛤的急性毒性试验。结果表明:3种常见农药对泥螺、彩虹明樱蛤的急性毒性强度由大到小均依次为三唑磷、狂杀宝和乙酰甲胺磷,其中狂杀宝对彩虹明樱蛤、泥螺24 h,48 h,72 h,96 h的半致死浓度分别为3.412 mg/L,2.670 mg/L,2.469mg/L,2.168 mg/L和3.159 mg/L,2.527 mg/L,1.341mg/L,1.028 mg/L;乙酰甲胺磷对彩虹明樱蛤、泥螺24 h,48 h,72 h,96 h的半致死浓度分别为219.409 mg/L,202.143 mg/L,107.273 mg/L,88.559 mg/L和39.054 mg/L,35.590 mg/L,33.64 mg/L,26.539 mg/L;三唑磷对彩虹明樱蛤、泥螺24 h,48 h,72 h,96 h的半致死浓度分别为2.018 mg/L,1.185 mg/L,1.127 mg/L,1.049 mg/L和0.935 mg/L,0.876 mg/L,0.568 mg/L,0.368 mg/L。狂杀宝、乙酰甲胺磷、三唑磷对泥螺和彩虹明樱蛤的安全质量浓度分别为0.102 8 mg/L,2.653 9 mg/L,0.036 8 mg/L和0.2168 mg/L,8.855 9 mg/L,0.104 9 mg/L。最后,就泥螺和彩虹明樱蛤对狂杀宝、乙酰甲胺磷、三唑磷的急性致毒效应特征、药物间的致毒效果比较及其安全浓度进行了评价。     

氨氮和亚硝态氮对大黄鱼幼鱼的急性毒性效应

在水温(23±1)℃,盐度20,pH值7.4~7.5,溶解氧大于5.0 mg/L的条件下研究了氨氮和亚硝态氮对体质量为(31.54±0.99)g的大黄鱼幼鱼的急性毒性效应.试验结果表明,氨氮对大黄鱼幼鱼的24、48、72和96 h的半致死浓度LC50及安全浓度SC分别为37.34、20.97、17.59、12.45及1.25 mg/L,对应的非离子氨的半致死浓度LC50及安全浓度SC分别为0.46、0.25、0.21、0.15及0.015 mg/L,亚硝态氮对大黄鱼幼鱼的24、48、72和96 h的半致死浓度LC50及安全浓度SC分别为137.45、94.02、72.81、50.06及5.01 mg/L.     

三唑磷和乙酰甲胺磷对海洋桡足类的急性毒性研究

研究了三唑磷和乙酰甲胺磷两种常用有机磷农药对婆罗异剑水蚤和日本虎斑猛水蚤的急性毒性,报道了相关的24hLC50和48hLC50数据.其中三唑磷对婆罗异剑水蚤和日本虎斑猛水蚤的48hLC50分别为6.844μg/L和16.26μg/L,而乙酰甲胺磷对婆罗异剑水蚤和日本虎斑猛水蚤的48hLC50分别为216.3 mg/L和76.54 mg/L.结果表明:对两种桡足类而言,三唑磷的毒性大于乙酰甲胺磷;桡足类对有机磷农药的耐受性具有种的特异性.据此提出使用农药的相关建议,指出应该严格控制三唑磷的使用,为近岸海区环境的质量评价和污染防治提供参考依据,并为监测有机磷农药污染环境提供了参考资料.     

3种水产药物对大泷六线鱼幼鱼的急性毒性试验

探讨3种水产药物对大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)幼鱼的急性毒性影响,确认各药物半致死浓度(LC50)和用药安全浓度(SC)。在水温14.5～16.5℃,盐度22‰～24‰,pH值7.8～8.1,溶解氧6mg/L条件下,采用静态试验法进行高锰酸钾、聚维酮碘、甲醛等3种药物对大泷六线鱼幼鱼的急性毒性试验。结果显示:高锰酸钾、聚维酮碘、甲醛对大泷六线鱼幼鱼半致死浓度(24h、48h、72h、96h)分别为(4.10mg/L、3.89mg/L、3.46mg/L、3.17 mg/L)、(19.43 mg/L、18.70 mg/L、17.59 mg/L、16.24 mg/L)和(180.71 mg/L、136.06mg/L、119.69mg/L、110.73mg/L),安全浓度分别为1.05mg/L、5.20mg/L和23.14mg/L。3种药物对大泷六线鱼幼鱼的毒性大小依次为高锰酸钾聚维酮碘甲醛。试验结果表明,甲醛、聚维酮碘在实际生产使用量下可放心使用,高锰酸钾需慎用。     

4种重金属离子对黑鲷幼鱼的急性毒性研究

以体长(5.09±0.71)cm、体质量(2.09±0.66)g的黑鲷幼鱼为实验动物,采用静水停食试验法,在水温(28.8±1.6)℃,pH 8.24条件下,开展了Zn2+、Cr6+、Cu2+、Hg2+4种重金属离子对黑鲷幼鱼的急性毒性试验。结果表明,Zn2+对黑鲷幼鱼的24h、48 h、72 h、96 h LC50分别为11.53 mg/L、10.15 mg/L、6.56 mg/L、6.09 mg/L;Cr6+对黑鲷幼鱼的24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h LC50分别为31.48 mg/L、24.31 mg/L、23.01 mg/L、23.01 mg/L;Cu2+对黑鲷幼鱼的24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h LC50分别为2.75 mg/L、1.55 mg/L、1.30 mg/L、1.06 mg/L;Hg2+对黑鲷幼鱼的24 h、48 h、72 h、96 h LC50分别为0.098 8 mg/L、0.098 1 mg/L、0.089 2 mg/L,0.0742 mg/L。4种重金属离子对黑鲷幼鱼的毒性强度由高到低依次为Hg2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Cr6+。最后还就重金属离子对黑鲷幼鱼的致毒特征、对黑鲷幼鱼早期发育的影响,以及水环境中重金属离子的毒性评价与控制进行了探讨。     

两种环境雌激素对发头裸腹溞的急性致毒研究

运用毒理学实验方法,研究双酚A(BPA)和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)对发头裸腹溞的急性致毒效应.结果显示:双酚A对发头裸腹溞24、48、72、96 h的半数致死浓度分别为14.129、11.094、9.116、6.815 mg/L;邻苯二甲酸二甲酯对发头裸腹溞24、48、72、96 h的半数致死浓度分别为63.460、15.065、4.272、0.865 mg/L.BPA和DMP对发头裸腹溞的安全浓度分别为0.682 mg/L和0.087 mg/L,其死亡率和上述两种雌激素质量浓度间存在着明显的正相关性,且随着染毒时间的延长半数致死浓度逐渐降低,发头裸腹溞对DMP的敏感性高于BPA.根据化学物质对溞类的毒性评价标准,双酚A和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯分别为中毒和高毒物质.     

氧化乐果胁迫对泥鳅的急性毒性作用研究

为了研究氧化乐果对水生动物的毒性作用,采用96 h静水试验法检测泥鳅在不同浓度(24.67、30.41、37.50、46.24、57.02 mg/L)氧化乐果中暴露24、48、72、96 h时的急性毒性作用,结果表明:氧化乐果对泥鳅的毒性作用是随暴露时间的延长和浓度的增大而增强,对泥鳅24、48、72、96 h半致死浓度(LC_(50))分别为76.91、51.17、46.03、35.89 mg/L,安全浓度(SC)为6.8 mg/L,属于高毒等级的水体污染物。     

两种有机磷农药对沼水蛙蝌蚪抗氧化系统及MDA浓度的影响

研究了两种有机磷农药三唑磷和乙酰甲胺磷对沼水蛙蝌蚪超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)浓度的影响.结果表明:在不同质量浓度(0.2,0.4,1.2,2.0,2.8 mg/L)的三唑磷染毒后,蝌蚪的SOD活性开始被激活,48 h或72 h后活性逐渐达到最高值;随着染毒时间的延长,其活性则被抑制而降低;CAT活性和MDA浓度都随着三唑磷质量浓度的增加和处理时间的延长出现极显著的提高,且MDA浓度与三唑磷质量浓度呈现显著的剂量效应关系.在不同质量浓度(15.0,22.5,30.0,37.5,45.0 mg/L)的乙酰甲胺磷染毒后,蝌蚪的SOD活性在较短的时间(24 h)内出现最高值,随后降低至与对照组相当的水平;随着染毒时间的延长,CAT活性逐渐被抑制而呈减低的趋势,而MDA浓度明显呈现出由低到高的变化过程.两种农药都会不同程度改变沼水蛙蝌蚪抗氧化防御系统,造成毒害作用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that