不同基质、不同容器对薄壳山核桃苗木根系生长影响的研究

在浙江省建德市邓家东坞村进行不同基质和不同容器对薄壳山核桃苗木生长及根系生长影响的研究.结果表明:不同育苗措施对苗木地上部分苗木地径及苗木高度均有一定的影响,其中以普通育苗容器对苗木地径及高度影响最大,其值也最大,而基质类型和去胚尖措施对苗木地径也有一定的影响,但是对苗木高度均未表现出显著性差异.容器种类对地下部分各指标未表现出显著性影响,而基质类型及去胚尖措施对苗木地下部分各指标影响较大,其中以40%泥炭+40%珍珠岩+20%蛭石为基质及去1/2胚尖苗木根系长度、根系表面积及根系体积最大.在实际生产应用中,可选择普通育苗容器、40%泥炭+40%珍珠岩+20%蛭石为基质和去1/2胚尖的模式进行容器苗的培育,不仅可以获得基质较轻、苗木健壮的容器苗,同时其苗木根系发达,可大大提高造林成活率和保存率.     

不同泥炭替代基质对薄壳山核桃幼苗生长及叶绿素荧光特性的影响

【目的】探讨添加不同配比的泥炭替代基质如菌渣或醋糟等组成的混合基质处理对薄壳山核桃(Carya illinoinensis)容器苗生长以及叶绿素荧光特性的影响,筛选适宜苗木生长的低成本配方基质。【方法】以薄壳山核桃‘绍兴’子代1年生容器苗为材料,设置园土、泥炭、醋糟体积比为4:3:3(A1)、4:2:4(A2)、4:1:5(A3)和园土、泥炭、菌渣体积比为4:3:3(B1)、4:2:4(B2)、4:1:5(B3)配方,园土为对照(CK),共7个处理,分别测定苗高、地径和叶绿素荧光参数等指标,分析不同配比的基质处理下对薄壳山核桃容器苗生长与荧光特性的影响。【结果】不同配比的泥炭替代基质处理下苗木生长指标差异显著,添加菌渣、醋糟较园土均可降低基质容重,提高基质的通气孔隙度,增加有机质含量等,其中添加菌渣的基质配方有利于薄壳山核桃幼苗的生长,且以B3处理效果最佳。该处理苗木的苗高、地径以及叶片各项叶绿素荧光参数均显著高于对照,其中苗高、地径分别比对照增加了65%和73%。【结论】综合苗木的各项指标并考虑各项成本,减少泥炭用量,以园土、泥炭、菌渣体积比4:1:5低成本混配基质适于薄壳山核桃容器苗生长,提高苗木光能利用效率,且育苗成本较低,利于生产推广应用。     

切根和截顶对湿地松苗木质量的影响

研究了切根和截顶对湿地松苗木质量的影响,结果表明：（1）不同的切根处理对湿地松苗高和地径的生长有显著抑制作用,几种处理中,以9月份切根对苗高的抑制最小,以3次切根的处理对地径生长的抑制作用最小,但切根处理对湿地松苗木的高径比影响较小;（2）几种切根处理中,只有1次切根处理下地上部分的干重大于对照,2次切根处理根系干重最小,全苗干重以1次处理时最大,其次为对照;（3）不同的截顶处理下,湿地松苗高和地径生长都比对照低,单次截顶的苗高均比2次截顶的高,地径生长以9月中旬处理的较大;（4）几种截顶处理中,根干重和侧须根干重都比对照低,其中8月中旬截顶处理下苗木生长最慢,单次截顶处理的侧主根干重均大于对照,全苗干重都明显小于对照。     

紫椴当年生幼苗生长适宜密度

在苗圃中开展紫椴苗木不同保留密度试验,分析苗高、地径、生物量差异,筛选适宜紫椴苗木生长的密度条件,为紫椴合理育苗提供理论依据与技术支持.结果表明:紫椴幼苗最适密度为90株/m2,此时苗高为27.99 cm,地径为73.19 mm,生物量为6.25 g;综合考虑经济成本,确定紫椴最适保留密度为90～110株/m2.     

保水剂对白蜡树容器苗生长及生理特性的影响

利用容器育苗成型技术研究了保水剂配施肥料对白蜡生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明:保水剂配施肥料可提高白蜡生长中后期叶片的光合速率和叶绿素含量,仅加入保水剂可提高白蜡的根系活力,但对光合速率和叶绿素含量影响不大。白蜡生长的动态积累规律符合Logistic生长回归模型,保水剂配施肥料可延长白蜡快速积累的总时间,提高苗高和地径积累的最大速率。没有肥料加入的情况下,保水剂对白蜡生长的特征值影响不大。草炭复合基质适宜白蜡树幼苗的成活及生长,不同处理白蜡树的成活率均为100%。保水剂配施肥料可使白蜡的苗高、地径、地上部和地下部干物质量分别增加15.92%、13.14%、6.16%和15.71%,仅加入保水剂可使白蜡根系干物质量增加10.29%,但对苗高、地径及地上部分干物质量影响不大。因此,保水剂可有效改善白蜡树容器苗的生理特征,促进其生长及干物质的积累。     

北美枫香平衡根系轻基质无纺布容器育苗技术研究

平衡根系轻基质无纺布容器育苗技术是容器育苗的新兴技术,采用该项技术研究了不同浇水方法和施肥量两种因素同时处理下,对北美枫香平衡根系轻基质无纺布容器苗的生长表现.试验结果表明：不同浇水、施肥两种因素处理下对苗高、地径生长有一定影响.对苗木地径生长最好影响组合的是A2B1组合,即二天浇一次水、施肥量为0.2g.对苗木高生长最好影响组合的是A2B2组合,即两天浇一次水、施肥量为0.4g.对苗木生长最好的影响组合是A2B1组合,即两天浇一次水、施肥量为0.2g.     

不同育苗措施对蒙古扁桃苗木生长的影响

探讨了干旱荒漠区育苗措施对蒙古扁桃苗木生长的影响,结果表明:(1)覆盖地膜的蒙古扁桃苗木平均冠幅、平均高度和平均地径比未覆盖地膜的分别高30.61个百分点、15.05个百分点和23.12个百分点,可在育苗生产中推广应用。(2)蒙古扁桃播种育苗中灌溉8次的苗木比灌溉6次的苗木稍高,但对冠幅和地径影响不大,在生产中以灌溉6次即可,即5、6月份每月灌溉1次,7、8月份每月灌溉2次。(3)施肥量50 g/m2与40 g/m2对苗木高度和冠幅的影响不大,施肥量50 g/m2的苗木地径稍粗,在生产中可施肥40~50 g/m2。     

不同基质配比对油松容器移植苗生长的影响

采用完全随机区组设计,研究辽西地区不同基质配比对油松容器移植苗生长的影响,从而确定最佳基质土配比.采用Excel进行方差分析,选用LSD法进行多重比较.结果表明:油松苗期苗高差异极显著,地径差异显著;不同基质对地径、苗高、根幅、冠幅、主根长、地上干重、枝叶干重、侧根干重、地下干重的差异显著或极显著,而对高径比、侧根长、主干干重、主根干重、根冠比没有显著影响;混合土2的各项指标生长量(除了主干干重外)最大,混合土1次之,心土最小,最佳基质土配比为混合土2.     

黄连木容器苗生长对缓释肥的响应

【目的】 揭示黄连木(Pistacia chinensis Bunge)容器苗生长、根系发育和养分状况对缓释肥的响应规律,筛选最佳施肥量。【方法】 设置3个包膜缓释肥(美国奥绿肥5号)施肥量(0.4、0.8、1.6 g/株)和1个空白对照(未施肥),生长季末测定4个处理下苗木形态指标、养分状况和根系发育情况。用方差分析、多重比较等方法,探明苗木生长对不同施肥量的响应差异,同时将地径、苗高、根生物量、茎生物量、全株生物量分别与施肥量建立数学模型,预测最佳施肥量。【结果】 苗木地径、苗高、全株生物量、根总长、根表面积、根体积和氮、磷、钾含量随着缓释肥施肥量的提高而显著增大,其中施肥量为1.6 g/株时达到最大,苗高、地径和全株生物量分别为24.0 cm、4.9 mm和3.9 g/株。根茎比则随施肥量的提高而减少,对照最大为2.8。地径、苗高、根生物量、茎生物量和全株生物量与施肥量构建的数学模型R²均大于0.95。【结论】 低施肥量下养分主要用于根系的生长,随着施肥量增加,大部分养分开始往地上部分转移,促进茎和叶的生长。地下部分的第1径级(03.0 mm)根随着施肥量增加显著增加。综合5个数学模型预测结果,认为黄连木容器苗缓释肥最佳施肥量在1.28～1.95 g/株之间。     

不同栽培基质和植物生长调节剂对珊瑚树生长及光合特性的影响

为探索珊瑚树人工育苗技术及筛选其适宜的育苗栽培基质和植物生长调节剂,分别用传统基质S1(黄心土、塘泥按60%、40%比例混合),改良基质S2(黄心土、菇渣和塘泥以30%、30%、40%混匀),并配以适量的吲哚丁酸(IBA)和萘乙酸(NAA),以H1(不做处理)、H2(IBA 100 mg/L)和H3(IBA 100 mg/L+NAA 50 mg/L)在苗木移植上袋之前洒透于根部为激素处理方式,组成S1-H1、S1-H2、S1-H3、S2-H1、S2-H2、S2-H3共6种处理组合,对珊瑚树幼苗生长及光合特性的指标进行试验研究。结果表明,不同的处理组合对珊瑚树地径、苗高、叶宽等指标均有显著差异,而对其他指标,作用效果不明显。其中,S1-H2培育的苗木表现最好,平均地径、平均苗高、叶宽比最差处理组合分别高8.99%、16.21%和10.23%。说明以传统基质S1配以适量的吲哚丁酸H2处理是提高珊瑚树生物量积累的有效方式。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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