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1.
    
Adults automatically retrieve multiplication facts in a number matching task, in which participants judge whether the target number is one of the two cue digits presented previously. They are slower in rejecting the number which is the sum or the product of cues than a neutral number. The present study explored, with Chinese adult participants, whether such automaticity in retrieving multiplication facts can be affected by experiential and experimental factors such as learning experience and task set. We classified cue digits into two categories: small number first (the ascending order) and large number first (the descending order), according to whether the smaller or larger digit was presented on the left of the other. Experiment 1 found that product numbers were more difficult to reject than non-product numbers. Moreover, the order of cues played a role in modulating the magnitude of the interference effect, with ascending order conditions having larger interference than descending order conditions. Experiment 2 added a task-irrelevant addition or subtraction sign between the two cues and replicated the pattern of effects in Experiment 1, although the interference effects were significantly reduced. Experiment 3 instructed participants to judge whether the target number was the sum of the two cue digits. No interference effect was found for the target that was the product of cues. These findings suggest that the retrieval of multiplication facts, albeit automatic, can be influenced by learning experience (cue order effects in Experiments 1 & 2), the compatibility of the cuing context with the stored template information (reduced interference effects across Experiments 1 & 2), and task set (elimination of interference effects in Experiment 3). Retrieving multiplication facts is therefore conditionally automatic.  相似文献   

2.
李苏  樊锁海 《科学技术与工程》2012,12(5):975-977,981
图的条件色数是经典色数的推广,确定图的条件色数问题是一个NPC问题。已知广义Petersen图的3-条件色数的上界是8。证明了广义Petersen图3-条件色数的下界是4,并刻画了达到此下界的广义Petersen图。  相似文献   

3.
给定图G=(V(G),E(G)).如果M  相似文献   

4.
RSA公钥体制中快速大整数乘法的实现   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
在密码算法中经常会遇到大整数的乘法,本文在Karatsuba-Ofman算法的基础上提出了一种快速乘法和平方算法,即Minima、Minmma算法,使得乘法和平方的运行速度大大提高。  相似文献   

5.
刘婷  孙磊 《山东科学》2012,25(4):6-9
对整数k>0,r>0,图G的条件(k,r) 染色是一个从顶点集V(G)到数集{1,2,…,k}的映射c,使得:(1)相邻点获得的颜色不同;(2)|c(N(v))|≥min{|N(v)|,r}。G的条件色数是使得G有一个正常的(k,r) 染色的最小k值,记为χr(G)。本文主要研究了r取3时,几类特殊图的条件色数。  相似文献   

6.
称图G的一个匹配M是导出的,如果M是由M所覆盖的顶点导出的子图的边集.分别给出二部图的一个匹配是导出匹配的条件及存在一个最大匹配是导出匹配的条件.  相似文献   

7.
    
《科学通报(英文版)》1990,35(24):2032-2032
  相似文献   

8.
提出与共着色相对应的边共着色的概念,并给出了具有4^ι条边的图的边共色数的一个上界.  相似文献   

9.
设α(G),β(G)和n(G)分别表示图G的独立数、匹配数和阶数.图的独立数和匹配数是图的两个较重要的参数.证明了对于不含三角形且最大度不超过5的图,独立数、匹配数和阶数之间存在两个最优的数量关系.  相似文献   

10.
对于一个正整数r,图G的一个条件(k,r)-染色是使得图G的每个度至少为r的顶点至少与具有r种不同颜色的顶点相邻的正常的顶点染色.使图有一个条件(k,r)-染色的最小的整数k是图的第r个条件色数Z,(G),本文给出了对于不同的正整数,路、扇、轮的条件色数。  相似文献   

11.
得到了图的条件色数的上界和达到上界的图类.主要结论是:x,(G)≤△2 1,等号成立的充分必要条件是图G为Moore图,即圈G5,Petersen图,Hoffman-Singleton图,以及可能存在的57度正则图.  相似文献   

12.
在模拟与数字混合组成的系统中存在级联问题,主要是指各级之间电气特性的相互匹配、信号耦合方式、时序配合,以及相互干扰和时序问题。只有正确解决这些问题,电路功能才能正常,稳定性和可靠性才得以提高。  相似文献   

13.
How to integrate heterogeneous semi-structured Web records into relational database is an important and challengeable research topic. An improved model of conditional random fields was presented to combine the learning of labeled samples and unlabeled database records in order to reduce the dependence on tediously hand-labeled training data. The pro- posed model was used to solve the problem of schema matching between data source schema and database schema. Experimental results using a large number of Web pages from diverse domains show the novel approach's effectiveness.  相似文献   

14.
图G的一条边称为割边是指删去该边后,使得余下的图的连通分支数增加。图G中的一个两两不相邻的边子集称为图G的一个匹配。图G的一个最大匹配的边数称为图G的匹配数。图G中的一个与G的每个团都有交的顶点子集称为G的一个团横贯集,图G中元素个数最少的团横贯集的顶点数称为G的团横贯数。本文针对n阶连通无三角形的3一正则图G-(V(G),E(G)),首先给出了其割边数的一个上界(n—l0)/4;其次对它的匹配数得到了一个下界(11n-2)/24;再次对它的线图的团横贯数呈现了一个上界(13|E(G)|+3)/36。同时刻画了达到这些界的极值图。  相似文献   

15.
运用方程组求解的方法来解决一类因果效应可识别的充要条件的问题.只要运用该方程组解的性质便可判断在一类条件独立假设之下因果效应是否可识别.通过3个例子分别验证了在各自假设之下因果效应的可识别性.  相似文献   

16.
设G是一个有完美匹配的图。若G的边集S满足G-S有唯一完美匹配,则称S为反强迫集。包含边数最少的反强迫集叫做极小反强迫集,其中边的数目叫做图G的反强迫数。本文主要解决硼氮富勒烯图(恰好有六个四边形面,其它面都是六边形,3-连通的平面二部图)的反强迫数。我们得到一类管状,环边连通度为3的硼氮富勒烯图的反强迫数,然后得到任何硼氮富勒烯图的反强迫数至少为3,进而构造出所有反强迫数为3的硼氮富勒烯图,共有两个。  相似文献   

17.
设V1,V2,…,Vk为k个有限集,i∈{1,2,…,k},ni△=|Vi|,n△=min{n1,n2,…,nk}.H为一个以V1,V2,…,Vk为顶点类的k-部k-一致超图,v(H)表示H的匹配数,|H|表示H的边数.设t为一个给定的整数.首先证明:如果v(H)≤t,则|H|≤tn1n2…nk/n.当v(H)=t,|H|=tn1n2…nk/n时,确定了H的结构.  相似文献   

18.
针对双圈图中的一类,研究了其如何变形才能使变形后的谱半径大于变形前的谱半径,并且保证变形前后的匹配数不变。  相似文献   

19.
设H为一个具有6个顶点且匹配数为1的极值3-一致超图,由生成函数法确定了根序列的数目,进一步确定了极图同构类的总数为13,并详尽描述了各类极图的结构.  相似文献   

20.
Scalar multiplication [n]P is the kernel and the most time-consuming operation in elliptic curve cryptosystems. In order to improve scalar multiplication, in this paper, we propose a tripling algorithm using Lopez and Dahab projective coordinates, in which there are 3 field multiplications and 3 field squarings less than that in the Jacobian projective tripling algorithm. Furthermore, we map P to(φε^-1(P), and compute [n](φε^-1(P) on elliptic curve Eε, which is faster than computing [n]P on E, where φε is an isomorphism. Finally we calculate (φε([n]φε^-1(P)) = [n]P. Combined with our efficient point tripling formula, this method leads scalar multiplication using double bases to achieve about 23% improvement, compared with Jacobian projective coordinates.  相似文献   

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