极大熵理论与分子散射平动－振动能量传递

采用由实验确定的关于Ｈｅ与Ｈ２散射过程中的相互作用势Ｖ（ｘ，ｙ，θ）及半经典近似方法，建立了Ｈｅ＋Ｈ２系统的哈密顿量算符．从而利用由Ａｌｈａｓｓｉｄ等所提出的极大熵理论构造了系统的动力学代数．按照这种代数导出了在θ≠０的一般情况下散射系统的跃迁概率的表达式，并探讨了跃迁过程中的各种选择定则     

DAS—1布里渊散射仪的二次开发

某实验室从美国Buleigh公司引进1台DAS—1型布里渊散射仪．这是一种测量散射光谱的智能化仪器，用于研究晶体结构及其特性．大量课题的实验研究都要在它上面进行．然而，该仪器在使用上还有明显不足之处．首先，人工抄录数据，很花时间，严重影响了实验效率；其次，不具备对实验数据的分析处理能力，因而需另外进行数据处理．这是一件相当繁杂的工作．为了充分发挥该精密贵重仪器的作用，提高使用效益，我们对它进行了二次开发，即利用PC系列微机实现对DAS—1仪实验数据的自动收集与处理．为实现该系统的功能，主要进行以下两方面的工作．     

水下距离选通成像系统后向散射光的计算

为了实现在室内测试距离选通成像系统的分辨力，建立了后向散射光模型．分析并给出了典型的脉冲激光照明的水下距离选通成像系统的光学几何结构和相关参数．采用辐射传输理论建立了水下距离选通成像系统的后向散射光模型．编制了相应的计算机程序，根据典型系统参数计算并绘制了系统的重叠系数和后向散射光随时间的变化曲线．结果表明，到达探测器的后向散射通量随时间快速上升，达到最大值后又快速下降，5ns激光脉冲的后向散射辐射通量集中分布在20ns时间间隔内。     

FZP扫描全息术用于高散射介质中吸收体成像

设计以菲涅耳波带板作为编码孔径的近红外扫描全息成像系统，并对该系统的点扩散函数进行了理论计算．结果表明：系统的点扩散函数接近理想的δ函数；实际测试了系统的点扩散函数，分析了实验结果与理论计算值存在差异的原因；用该系统对浓度为1％、深度为1．8cm的intralipid脂肪乳剂中嵌埋直径分别为1．5mm，1．0mm和0．4mm的金属丝做成的圆环进行了成像实验．实验结果表明：可较清晰地分辨直径1.5mm和1.0mm金属丝做成的圆环，对直径0．4mm的金属丝做成的圆环也可识别．该系统用于高散射介质中吸收体成像具有较高的横向分辨力。     

极大熵理论与分析子散射：平动—振动能量传递

采用由实验确定的关于Ｈｅ与Ｈ２散射过程中的相互作用势Ｖ（ｘ，ｙ，θ）及半经典近似方法，建立了Ｈｅ＋Ｈ２系统的哈密顿量算符。     

水下声散射信号处理可视化技术

水声散射实验需要大量的时间和经费，如果现场无法实现实验数据的处理，就难于及时获得最佳参数条件下的实验结果，当结果不理想时，需重新调整参数再做实验、为解决此类问题利用Matlab语言设计了一套水下声散射信号处理现场可视化软件．该设计提供了灵活、方便的实验参数修改功能，实现了被测目标散射特性的最佳显示效果，为水下声散射信号分析提供了依据．     

超声散射场自相关函数纵向特性

对粗糙界面反射超声散射场的纵向自相关函数进行了理论分析和实验研究．理论分析表明，由于超声散射场纵向自相关长度取决于界面散射声场的时间相干性，因而它最终取决于入射界面上的超声脉冲的时宽和声速．对此结论进行了实验验证，结果显示，理论分析和实验结果有很好的一致性．     

瞬态浓度场的光学测量系统

基于数字图像处理技术和光学粒子散射理论，研制了具有非接触式、全场测量、被测面积大和成本低等特征的瞬态浓度场定量光学测量系统，其可以测量瞬态浓度场的相对值，经过标定也可以测量绝对值．实验结果表明，该系统与传统的接触式单点浓度测量方法相比，具有显著的全场瞬态测量的优越性，应用前景广阔。     

α大角散射回眸

回顾了α大角散射实验，并从原子的有核模型的建立引出一些思考。     

发展中的高温高压布里渊散射系统

介绍布里渊散射原理和布里渊散射光谱仪及在高温高压等极端条件下的原位布里渊散射实验测量系统的发展, 建立了国内首家高温高压原位布里渊散射测量系统, 并在该系统上完成部分工作.      

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the