电磁场作用下钢基自生复合材料C、Mn元素偏析及凝固组织

研究了电磁场对团球γ (Fe，Mn)3C共晶体增强奥氏体钢基自生复合材料(EAMC)中C、Mn元素的偏析及凝固组织的作用．结果表明，电磁场促进C、Mn元素的偏析；电磁场作用后，EAMC组织中的团球共晶体体积分数增加，在奥氏体基体中呈弥散分布；另外，在基体内出现内生的奥氏体晶粒，这是由于电磁搅拌作用下，初生奥氏体晶粒在发展过程中分枝断裂所致．运用电磁场理论与非平衡凝固理论分析了电磁场对EAMC组织影响的机制：电磁场作用的热与搅拌效应可以减小溶质的有效分凝系数keff,为初生奥氏体(γ-Fe)枝晶的充分分枝提供了时空条件以及热力学与动力学条件，有利于团球共晶体的生成与体积分数的增加．     

团球γ+(Fe,Mn)3C/γ体钢基自生复合材料的组织与性能

采用 Ca- Si合金变质处理钢液 ,通过影响钢液中 C、Mn等合金元素的偏析和相的生成 ,控制钢液凝固组织 ,在铸态下获得团球状共晶体增强奥氏体钢基自生复合材料 (EAMC) .该材料利用硬质相团球状 γ (Fe,Mn) 3 C共晶体强化高韧性奥氏体基体 ,充分发挥基体、增强相的特性和两者的强韧性耦合 ,获得了优异的力学性能和耐磨性 .试验表明 ,在中、低载干磨损条件下 ,EAMC具有比奥氏体中锰钢优异的耐磨性能 .     

原子间相互作用对势计算合金奥氏体结合能

利用量子化学从头计算方法和半经验原子间相互作用对势,并参考“固体与分子经验电子理论”中的合金奥氏体的晶胞模型,计算出Fe-C-Mex奥氏体晶胞的结合能信息.由计算分析可知:(1)各种合金元素原子与C原子之间的结合能高于或低于Fe-C之间的结合能.由于这种差别,不同合金元素原子在固态相变中的特征行为也不同.(2)合金奥氏体中所有合金元素原子与C原子的结合能几乎都高于奥氏体中的Fe-Fe、C-C、Mex(Mey)-Mex(Mey)、Mex(Mey)-Mey(Mex)、Fe-Mex(Mey)原子之间的结合能.(3)相对γ-Fe基体而言,含有碳原子和合金元素原子的晶胞均具有较大的结合能,起固溶强化作用,而且结合能越大,对相变的阻力也越大.这种阻力和相变驱动力交互作用能改变相变产物的结构、形态和性能.     

kδmY及其应用

原子的价电子能级指数(kδ)被定义为:(kδ=(n1-1)·√m2+∑Eif),其中∑Eij为原子的价电子能级值之和.Ln3+离子的3δ与其理化性质(P)的相关性优于文献方法.由kδ建构价能连接性指数(mY),其中:0Y=∑(kδi)-0.5,1Y=∑(kδi.k′δj)-0.5.0Y、0Y2与33种AnXm过渡元素卤化物标准生成焓的相关指标依次为0.9463,0.9818.1Y与20种碱金属卤化物晶格能的r为0.984 1.kδ、mY的物理意义清晰、计算简单、应用方便.     

稀土元素对耐候钢元素偏析的影响

应用金属原位统计分布分析技术(OPA)研究了耐候钢铸锭中C、P、S、Cu、Si和Mn的宏观偏析规律,并分析了稀土元素对耐候钢中元素偏析的影响.结果表明,在30%～40%等轴晶率,20℃过热度下,元素C、S、P和Cu能产生严重的宏观偏析,C、S呈中心正偏析,P、Cu呈中心负偏析并伴随有反偏析,而Si和Mn的分布较为均匀.各个元素中心偏析位置完全相同.稀土元素在钢中的固溶度为10-5～10-4,固溶稀土元素可以细化枝晶,提高等轴晶率.钢中加入质量分数0.38%～0.55%的稀土元素可以有效改善C、S、P和Cu的宏观偏析.     

含合金元素γ-Fe晶胞价电子结构及其对相变过程的影响

利用固体与分子经验电子理论,对奥氏体中含合金元素γ-Fe晶胞的价电子结构进行了计算分析.结果表明,合金元素溶入γ-Fe晶胞后,其价电子结构发生了较大变化,Fe原子杂化态向较高杂阶迁移,其相结构因子均有不同程度的增加.同时晶胞内形成了由强键组成的八面体结构,阻碍了原子的移动,使得γ-Fe晶胞在相变过程中产生"类拖曳效应",提高过冷奥氏体的稳定性,亦会延缓马氏体相变的进程.     

团球γ+(Fe,Mn)3C/γ自生复合材料强韧与耐磨机制

在研究团球γ (Fe,Mn)3C共晶体增强奥氏体钢基自生复合材料(EAMC)的力学与耐磨性能的基础上,分析了EAMC的强韧化及耐磨机理.结果表明,高硬度的团球共晶体与韧性奥氏体使EAMC具有优异的强韧性匹配;在低载工况下,共晶体在奥氏体基体的保护下可以有效阻碍亚表层中裂纹的扩展,加工硬化层中的硬度具有负梯度分布特征,从而减小EAMC磨损量;高载工况下共晶体在循环外力的作用下剥落,加重"三体"磨损,故EAMC耐磨性能随着共晶体的体积分数的增加而降低.     

铝硅合金加Te变质机理

本文通过光学显微分析、扫描电镜形貌照像、线扫描分析以及热分析液淬等手段研究了Te、P、Na等元素对高纯及工业纯过共晶、共晶Al-Si合金中初晶Si及共晶Si形貌及其结晶过程的影响,提出了Te在合金中使共晶Si相变质的机理的看法,认为:Te使工业纯Al-Si合金共晶Si相变质主要原因有二:(1)减弱或消除了工业纯Al-Si合金中微量磷的影响,使其结晶过程及共晶形貌及尺寸更接近于高纯合金;(2)过剩的Te原子一方面促使α(Al)初生晶的形核,并抑制其枝晶胞生长,促使α(Al)枝晶尺寸和二次枝间隙减小。另一方面,吸附于Si晶体侧面,抑制其侧向分枝,这与P促进初晶Si形核细化初晶Si和Na促使共晶Si生长方式改变而成长为纤维状的机理是不一样的。     

FeNiMnCuC0．2Alx高熵合金结构及性能研究

通过高频感应加热在真空下制备FeNiMnCuC0.2Alx(x＝0、0.1、0.2、0.5 mol)高熵合金,对固溶处理后的试样进行结构及性能研究.结果表明, FeNiMnCuC0.2Alx高熵合金具有简单的面心立方结构;添加少量Al(x=0.1、0.2 mol)能细化FeNiMnCuC0.2Alx高熵合金晶粒,但x=0.5 mol时,晶粒又变得粗大;初生树枝状晶富含Fe、Ni元素,Mn、Cu在枝晶间相内有所聚集,C、Al大体上均匀分布于两相中;x=0时, FeNiMnCuC0.2Alx高熵合金具有高的抗压强度(5 218 MPa),x＝0.1 mol时,合金抗压强度(4037MPa)和压缩率(＞75%)均较佳,随Al添加量的继续增加,合金压缩性能有所下降, x＝0.5 mol时,合金表现为脆性断裂.合金晶粒,但x=0.5 mol时,晶粒又变得粗大;初生树枝状晶富含Fe、Ni元素,Mn、Cu在枝晶间相内有所聚集,C、Al大体上均匀分布于两相中;x=0时, FeNiMnCuC0.2Alx高熵合金具有高的抗压 度(5 218 MPa),x＝0     

激光铸造Ni75Al25-xSix多相金属间化合物

利用激光铸造技术成功制备以原子百分比配置的Ni75Al25-xSix(x=0,20)多相金属间化合物合金.使用X射线衍射(XRD)、光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对合金进行物相鉴定及显微组织分析.使用显微硬度计对其进行显微硬度测试.结果表明,未添加Si元素的合金主要由Ni3Al、γ-Ni和少量的NiAl相组成.显微组织呈细小、均匀的树枝晶,在枝晶间分布有层片状组织.添加原子分数20%的Si元素的合金,除了Ni3Al和-γNi外,还包括Al3Ni2和较多的NiAl相;显微组织呈均匀、致密的网状树枝晶生长;平均显微硬度742 HV,约为未添加Si元素合金的1.9倍.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that