黄鳝性别决定与SRY基因不相关

以人和鼠的SRY片断为探针与黄鳝基因组DNA进行杂交,发现雌雄黄鳝中均有相同的杂交带.用一对SRY基因保守区HMGbox的引物,在雌雄黄鳝的基因组DNA中均扩增出约200bp片段.将此片断克隆测序后发现雌雄个体中此片断仅相差1个bp,且与人的SRY基因HMG盒基因极相似.以该片段与雌雄个体的RNA进行Northern杂交未能检测到杂交带,RT-PCR反应扩增出一条微弱的200bp片段.以上结果表明:在雌雄黄鳝的基因组DNA中均存在SRY同源片断;黄鳝中的SRY同源片断可能与其性别无直接关系,而是具备其他功能,由此推测低等脊椎动物的性别决定可能由其他基因控制.     

扬子鳄Sox基因的PCR-SSCP分析

参照人SRY基因HMG－box保守区的序列,设计一对引物,扩增了扬子鳄的Sox基因,并进行了SSCP分析,结果显示扬子鳄Sox基因的扩增片段与人SRY基因扩增片断大小相同,为220bp左右;且雌雄个体间该基因片段的单链迁移率无差异,而与人的有较大差异,本研究为扬子鳄的性别决定机制的探讨及Sox基因的进化保守性分析提供分子资料。     

黑斑蛙Sox基因的PCR扩增

以特异扩增人SRY基因HMG -box保守区的一对引物 ,扩增了黑斑蛙的Sox基因 (SRY -boxgene) .结果表明 ,雌雄黑斑蛙个体均扩增出了两条带 ,大小分别为 4 50bp和 90 0bp ,显示了Sox基因在黑斑蛙雌雄个体间无性别特异性 ,且可能含有内含子 .本文为探讨黑斑蛙的性别决定机制及Sox基因的进化提供了分子资料 .     

虎纹蛙Sox基因的PCR扩增及SSCP分析

本文采用PCR技术,以特异扩增人SRY基因HMG－box保守区的一对引物,扩增了虎纹 蛙Sox基因（SRY－box gene）。并对扩增产物进行了SSCP分析。结果雌雄虎纹蛙个体均扩增 出一条带,大小为221 bp,表明虎纹蛙Sox基因在雌雄个性间无性别特异性。SSCP分析结果 显示虎纹蛙Sox基因雌雄个体片段的单链迁移率无差异,而与人的有较大差异。本文为探讨 虎纹蛙的性别决定机制及Sox基因的进行提供了分子资料。     

赤麂Sry基因的定位及Y染色体的鉴别

应用流式细胞仪分离赤麂的1,Y1,Y2染色体,通过简并寡核苷酸引物聚合酶链式反应(DOP-PCR)增加模板数量.用人的性别决定基因HMG框内设计1对引物进行PCR扩增.在雄性赤麂Y2染色体DOP-PCR产物中扩增出与人SRY基因同源的Sry基因片段,经克隆测序后,初步证明赤麂Y2染色体是真正的Y染色体,同时对赤麂Sry基因进行了初步定位.     

利用SRY基因鉴定绵羊成纤维细胞性别的研究

SRY是哺乳动物性别决定的重要基因，利用绵羊SRY基因序列设计PCR引物，对绵羊胚胎来源的成纤维细胞提取总DNA进行PCR扩增，鉴定6个不同胚胎来源的成纤维细胞的性别．结果表明，3个有扩增带为雄性，3个无扩增带为雌性，为核移植选取雄性或雌性转基因成纤维细胞提供一项可行的方法．同时提取牛、山羊、小鼠的总DNA，利用绵羊SRY基因引物进行扩增，对SRY基因在哺乳动物中的保守性进行研究．结果表明，绵羊SRY基因保守区外的一对引物对雄性山羊、绵羊、牛及小鼠均能扩增出特异的DNA片段，说明SRY基因序列有很强的保守性．     

一个在中华绒螯蟹性腺中特异表达的Sox基因HMG盒区的克隆与鉴定

根据人的睾丸决定因子（SRY）的高速泳动组蛋白区设计简并引物,以中华绒螯蟹雌雄个体的基因组DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,从雌雄体均扩出220bp左右的条带,说明中华绒螯蟹中存在SRY基因的同源体,且无性别差异．经克隆、测序后得到两条SRY盒区相关基因（Sox基因）片段,ES1和ES2,其序列与人相应Sox基因保守区的最高同源性分别为66％和93％．ES1和ES2在成体8种组织中的检测结果表明,ES1在精巢、肌肉、心脏、肝脏、鳃、胸神经团、不同时期的卵巢及排出的成熟卵等组织中均表达,而ES2只在精巢、成熟的卵巢以及排出的成熟卵中有表达,说明ES2基因可能参与性腺的发育和早期胚胎发育过程．     

中华鳖抗菌肽Hepcidin成熟肽基因的克隆及同源性的初步研究

采用同源克隆的方法,以用于扩增大菱鲆hepcidin成熟肽基因的引物,从中华鳖肝脏cDNA中扩增得到1条长78 bp的基因片段.初步判断其属于Hepcidin家族,与HAMP1具有较高的同源性,分析表明其为Hepcidin成熟肽.根据基因序列推断得到的成熟肽蛋白序列如下:QSHISLCRWCCNCCKANKGCGFCCKF.与其他物种的成熟肽进行比对,发现其与大菱鲆的成熟肽序列同源性达到100 %,并构建了基于各物种Hepcidin前体肽的系统发育树,为研究物种进化提供了证据.     

禾本科同源染色体对趋同进化的比较基因组学

多个禾本科物种全基因组测序的相继完成为禾本科植物基因组物理和遗传结构进化历史的研究提供了前所未有的良好机遇。以五个禾本科物种为研究对象,利用基因同源共线性方法对其基因组进行了比对分析,获得了物种的同源信息,并根据同源信息结合基因组同源结构分析,确定了物种基因组内和基因组间的同源染色体片段。比较分析同源染色体对上重复DNA片段之间的分子距离,初步揭示了禾本科植物同源染色体对间趋同进化规律,研究结果有助于理解染色体结构受非正常遗传重组影响的进化机制。     

菊花‘千手观音’LEAFY基因转录区基因组克隆和结构分析

LEAFY(LFY)基因在植物花发育过程中具有重要作用,不仅控制着花序分生组织向花分生组织的转变,而且控制着开花时间.通过基因组PCR扩增,获得了菊花‘千手观音’LFY同源基因序列.序列分析表明该基因包括2个内含子和3个外显子.其内含子1的2个序列长短不同,差异明显.2个内含子与甘菊的LFY同源基因DFL相比都表现出了丰富的变异性.其外显子推测的氨基酸序列与甘菊DFL的氨基酸序列相似性达99%.系统进化分析表明‘千手观音’的LFY同源基因与所有的菊属植物的LFY基因在树的同一枝上,且距双子叶植物的距离近于单子叶或裸子植物.Southern杂交表明,‘千手观音’基因组中LFY同源基因以两个拷贝形式存在.     

Evolution of sex determination and the Y chromosome: SRY-related sequences in marsupials.

In mammals, testis determination is under the control of the testis-determining factor borne by the Y chromosome. SRY, a gene cloned from the sex-determining region of the human Y chromosome, has been equated with the testis-determining factor in man and mouse. We have used a human SRY probe to identify and clone related genes from the Y chromosome of two marsupial species. Comparisons of eutherian and metatherian Y-located SRY sequences suggest rapid evolution of these genes, especially outside the region encoding the DNA-binding HMG box. The SRY homologues, together with the mouse Ube1y homologues, are the first genes to be identified on the marsupial Y chromosome.     

Genetic evidence equating SRY and the testis-determining factor

The testis-determining factor gene (TDF) lies on the Y chromosome and is responsible for initiating male sex determination. SRY is a gene located in the sex-determining region of the human and mouse Y chromosomes and has many of the properties expected for TDF. Sex reversal in XY females results from the failure of the testis determination or differentiation pathways. Some XY females, with gonadal dysgenesis, have lost the sex-determining region from the Y chromosome by terminal exchange between the sex chromosomes or by other deletions. If SRY is TDF, it would be predicted that some sex-reversed XY females, without Y chromosome deletions, will have suffered mutations in SRY. We have tested human XY females and normal XY males for alterations in SRY using the single-strand conformation polymorphism assay and subsequent DNA sequencing. A de novo mutation was found in the SRY gene of one XY female: this mutation was not present in the patient's normal father and brother. A second variant was found in the SRY gene of another XY female, but in this case the normal father shared the same alteration. The variant in the second case may be fortuitously associated with, or predisposing towards sex reversal; the de novo mutation associated with sex reversal provides compelling evidence that SRY is required for male sex determination.     

A human XY female with a frame shift mutation in the candidate testis-determining gene SRY

The primary decision about male or female sexual development of the human embryo depends on the presence of the Y chromosome, more specifically on a gene on the Y chromosome encoding a testis-determining factor, TDF. The human sex-determining region has been delimited to a 35-kilobase interval near the Y pseudoautosomal boundary. In this region there is a candidate gene for TDF, termed SRY, which is conserved and specific to the Y chromosome in all mammals tested. The corresponding gene from the mouse Y chromosome is deleted in a line of XY female mutant mice, and is expressed at the expected stage during male gonadal development. We have now identified a mutation in SRY in one out of 12 sex-inversed XY females with gonadal dysgenesis who do not lack large segments of the short arm of the Y chromosome. The four-nucleotide deletion occurs in a sequence of SRY encoding a conserved DNA-binding motif and results in a frame shift presumably leading to a non-functional protein. The mutation occurred de novo, because the father of the sporadic XY female that bears it has the normal sequence at the corresponding position. These results provide strong evidence for SRY being TDF.     

人类及部分实验动物MHC-DRB3.2基因核苷酸序列同源性分析

目的研究人类及部分实验动物DRB3.2基因核苷酸序列的同源性。方法利用PCR技术扩增得到牛的DRB3.2基因片段,并测定其核苷酸序列;从GenBank中下载人类、猕猴、绵羊、山羊、猪的相应基因片段;利用DNAMAN软件进行碱基组成分析、同源性分析和构建分子进化树。结果所分析的物种该基因片段大小为267bp,没有发现碱基的缺失以及插入现象;A、T、G、C四种碱基以及G+C的含量在不同物种之间相差较小。就某种动物来说,G的含量最高,T的含量最低,G+C的含量要明显高于A+T含量;人类与猕猴、绵羊、山羊、牛、猪的同源性分别为91.8%、82.8%、82.4%、81.3%、81.6%。结论不同物种MHC-DRB3.2基因核苷酸序列的同源性都比较高;在研究人类有些疾病时,猕猴是其它实验动物不可替代的;DRB3.2基因是研究生物进化和系统发育分析的一个理想遗传标记。     

牦牛SRY和TRO基因部分序列克隆与测序分析

对牦牛SRY和TRO的部分基因克隆和序列分析,以期为牦牛X精子和Y精子鉴定、性染色体的基因定位以及分子标记辅助选择研究提供理论依据.从牦牛和西门塔尔牛冷冻精液中提取DNA,用特定引物对SRY、TRO基因部分序列进行扩增并进行TA克隆和测序.结果表明,这两个基因区域在牛种中有极高的保守性,牦牛与普通牛SRY和TRO基因这两个区域的核酸同源性分别高达99.08%和99.39%.     

王锦蛇(Elaphe carinata)Sox基因保守区的克隆及测序

参照人SRY基因HMG-box保守区序列设计一对兼并引物,PCR扩增了王锦蛇的Sox基因,采用SSCP技术筛选阳性克隆,并对其进行了测序.结果在雌雄个体中共筛选出4个Sox基因,其中一个为雌性独有,显示出性别差异性;4个Sox基因DNA序列及编码的氨基酸序列与人相应SOX基因的相似性分别为91%、91%、92%、91%和96%、98%、96%、96%,显示出高度的保守性.实验结果为王锦蛇的性别决定机制研究提供了分子资料.     

Genetic diversity in the male-specific <Emphasis Type="Italic">SRY</Emphasis> gene of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lepus yarkandensis</Emphasis>

Lepus yarkandensis, an endemic hare species in the Tarim Basin of China, has been suffering from habitat fragmentation due to desert expansion. To evaluate the effect of habitat fragmentation on its genetic diversity, the genetic diversity based on male-specific SRY gene marker is examined. A relatively low level of SRY genetic diversity is found compared to previous studies with mtDNA data, possibly due to the low SRY mutation rate and positive selection. Furthermore, one haplotype exists in eight populations along the Tarim River but not in many other relatively isolated populations, suggesting that habitat fragmentation may affect population divergence. Despite this, our pairwise Fst analysis shows no significant differentiation among populations, and this may be mainly caused by positive selection on the SRY gene in that 88 percent of individuals share the same haplotype. Finally, the phylogenetic analysis shows deep differentiation between L. yarkandensis and other two hare species (L. capensis and L. europaeus).