裂叶秋海棠的离体快速繁殖

利用野生裂叶秋海棠叶片及叶柄培养，通过两种方式获得大量再生植株。(1)直接从外植体表面诱导出不定芽，最佳诱导培养基为MS 6-BA 3mg／L，不定芽在培养基MS NAA0．5mg／L 6-BA0．5mg／L增殖成丛生芽．(2)先诱导出愈伤组织，再由愈伤组织分化出大量不定芽．最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS NAA0．5mg／L 2，4-D0．5mg／L 6-BA0．5mg／L,愈伤组织不定芽分化培养基为MS 6-BA 1mg／L,试管苗在含1／5MS无机盐的培养基上生根，之后移栽成活率达85％。     

安祖花的组织培养及快速繁殖研究

以安祖花的叶、叶柄和茎段为外植体在不同培养基上进行诱导愈伤组织和不定芽的发生．筛选出了诱导愈伤组织培养基MS 6—BA1．0mg／L 2，4—D0．5mg／L，不定芽分化及增殖培养基MS 6-BA1．0mg／L IBA0.1mg／L，不断的继代培养，增殖及分化率都很高，将产生的不定芽切割下来转接到1／2MS NAA0．5mg／L的培养基中生根壮苗，生根良好的试管苗移栽后，经过精心的管理。2个月后统计结果。成活率高达96％。     

密蒙花(Buddlija officinalis)基因转化受体系统的建立

以密蒙花(Buddlija officinalis Maxim)芽、叶、茎段为外植体，在B5，MS，White培养基上获得愈伤组织。结果表明：芽、幼叶脱分化能力差异不大；不同时期的叶片差异较大，以幼叶诱导为佳；作者筛选出的愈伤组织最佳培养基为B5 6-BA0．5mg／L 2，4-D0．5mg／L。在继代培养阶段，B5比MS和White更适合细胞的快速生长和繁殖；并且以叶片的愈伤组织生长较快，芽、茎段次之，最佳继代培养基为B5 6-BA0．5mg／L NAA0．5mg／L，继代的愈伤组织可在B5 6．BAlmg／L NAA0．1mg／L GA0．1mg／L培养基中分化出幼苗，在生根培养基1／2MS NAA0．2mg／L或1／2MS NAA0．6mg／L中分化出根且获得再生植株，将长4～6cm的再生小苗练苗3d后移植，幼苗成活率达100％，并于当年开花。     

康乃馨的组织培养及快速繁殖研究

通过顶芽和侧芽培养实现了康乃馨的组织培养和快速繁殖．实验表明,以MS为基本培养基,附加BA1．0mg／L IAA0．05mg／L适于芽的诱导与增殖;附加BA0．5～2．0mg／L IAA0．2～1．0mg／L适于愈伤组织的诱导;附加MS BA1．0～2．0mg／L IAA0．05～0．1mg／L适于愈伤组织的分化．幼芽在1／2MS NAA0．075mg／L 0．1％活性炭的生根培养基中生根率达到100％．     

大叶饲料槐高频再生体系建立及试管苗工厂化生产

通过叶片外植体愈伤组织诱导和直接不定芽再生途径,建立了大叶饲料槐的高频再生系统,采用正交试验筛选出愈伤组织最适诱导培养基为;MS附加0．5mg／L 6-BA和1．0mg／L NAA;愈伤组织分化最适培养基为：MS附加2．0mg／L 6-BA和0．2mg／L NAA。叶片外植体直接分化最适培养基为：MS附加2．0mg／L 6-BA和0．1mg／L NAA;试管苗在1／2MS附加0．2mg／L IBA、0．1mg／L NAA和2g／L AC的培养基上生根率高达100％,移栽成活率达90％,从而实现了大叶饲料槐的工厂化生产．     

耐盐能源植物海滨锦葵(Kostelezkya virginica)再生体系的建立

对海滨锦葵组织培养再生体系进行了研究，结果表明：1．海滨锦葵茎段外植体较好的愈伤组织诱导培养基组合为MS＋KT1．5mg／L＋IAA2．0mg／L或MS＋6-BA4．0mg／L＋IBA0．2mg／L＋Inositol50mg／L．2．海滨锦葵愈伤诱导不定芽的较好培养基组合为MS＋NAA2．0mg／L＋2iP5．0mg／L和MS＋NAA0．5mg／L＋2iP5．0mg／L．3．海滨锦葵腋芽分化不定芽的较好培养基组合为改良MS（含2倍有机营养）＋KT0．4mg／L＋IAA1．0mg／L．MS基本培养基中适当提高有机营养的含量对腋芽的增殖有促进作用，实验中以有机营养的含量为基本培养基2倍时效果较好．4．不定芽在1／ZMS的培养基中附加IBA1．0mg／L牛根最好．     

风车草的组织培养与快繁体系的建立

本实验以风车草（Graptopetalum paraguayense）的叶片为材料,研究其快繁成功．结果表明：正面叶片接种于琼脂或者MS培养基上,其无菌苗培养出苗率最高;疏松愈伤组织和胚性愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基分别为：MS＋6-BA0．5mg／L＋2,4-D0mg／L;MS＋6-BA0．5＋2,4-D2．0;疏松愈伤芽诱导以及生根分别以：MS＋6-BAO．5m∥L＋NAAO．5m∥L;MS＋IBA0．5mg／L＋NAA0．5mg／L最适．各培养基pH5．8,附加0．7％的琼脂,3％蔗糖．炼苗和移栽的适当方案为：蛭石：珍珠岩=3：1灭菌培养基质中保湿培养;蛭石：珍珠岩=5：1未经灭菌的培养基质中炼苗培养．     

黄芩组织培养与快速繁殖

取黄芩的带节茎段为外植体，在诱导培养基MS＋BA0．5mg／L＋NAA0．2mg／L上培养20天左右，叶腋内开始萌动生长，并形成愈伤组织，呈现质地蔬松，晶亮带点绿色的状况。愈伤组织长到1个月左右，表面开始出现许多绿色的芽点，就是以后的丛生芽，丛生芽的增殖培养基以MS＋BA0．2mg／L＋NAA0．2mg／L为佳，芽长的大且粗壮。粗壮芽转入1／2MS＋NAA0．2mg／L生根培养基中，生根率达100％。     

菊花的组织培养研究

以菊花侧芽茎尖做外植体，通过二次表面灭菌，得到茎尖无菌培养物．根据长出丛生芽的芽数的多少，筛选出适合菊花茎尖离体培养的培养基．MS＋6-BA5．0mg／L＋NAA0．01mg/L的固体培养基适宜于诱导侧芽生长出丛生芽；丛生芽转入到MS＋6-BA3．0mg/L＋NAA0．01mg／L培养基上进行继代培养扩大增殖：取长2～3cm的芽苗在1／2MS＋NAA0．1mg/L培养基上生根并形成完整植株．     

蒜头果细胞悬浮培养的研究

采用蒜头果(Malania oleifera Chun et．K Lee)新鲜种子的胚乳在4种含不同激素浓度组合的培养基上诱导产生愈伤组织并建立起细胞悬浮培养体系。结果表明：愈伤组织诱导率为66．7％～86．6％，其中以MS 6-BA0.5mg／L 2，4-D 2．0mg／L 蔗糖3％的培养基最佳，其诱导出的愈伤组织具有较强的增殖能力和较好的脆散结构；最佳继代培养基为MS 6-BA0．2mg／L 2，4-D2．0mg／L 蔗糖3％；将继代后的愈伤组织转入6种含不同激素浓度组合的MS液体培养基中进行振荡培养，在综合分析各培养基的单细胞密度，细胞团块密度。细胞生物量增长率等指标后，初步筛选出MS 6-BA0．2mg／L 2，4-D 2．5mg／L 蔗糖3％培养基为较好的液体培养基。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with