抗结核分枝杆菌感染的免疫机制

对宿主利用体内各种细胞与结核分支杆菌的相互作用进行了综述.机体抵抗结核分枝杆菌感染的机制包括特异性免疫和非特异性免疫,参与非特异性免疫的主要有巨噬细胞和γδT细胞,另外,树突状细胞在引发T细胞免疫方面起着关键的作用.由于结核分支杆菌是胞内寄生菌,特异性免疫以细胞免疫为主,主要包括CD4+T细胞免疫和CD8+T细胞免疫.     

结核分枝杆菌分泌蛋白调控巨噬细胞自噬诱导持续性感染

巨噬细胞的自噬作用能够保护宿主抵抗结核分枝杆菌的感染;而持续性感染的MTB(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)可以从自噬体中逃逸或抑制自噬的发生,从而在宿主体内长期存活。尽管相关机制不明确,但胞内存活的MTB分泌蛋白在持续性感染时发挥了重要作用。它可以通过抑制巨噬细胞自噬维持蛋白质稳定性和在胞内长期存活,导致LTBI(latent TB infection)的发生。综述了MTB的四种分泌蛋白(Eis、Pkn G、Sap M和Hsp16. 3)在持续性感染中调节巨噬细胞自噬的作用,可能为发现LTBI新的生物标志物和药物新靶点提供有效思路。     

C-di-GMP signaling and implications for pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

C-di-GMP is a ubiquitous bacterial second messenger that regulates a wide range of bacterial physiological processes including biofilm formation, virulence, motility and cell differentiation. Here, we have summarized our current knowledge on the upstream signaling factors and downstream effectors of c-di-GMP in addition to the interaction between c-di-GMP and eukaryotic organisms. New discoveries in these areas have enriched our understanding of the diversity of c-di-GMP signaling pathways and provide important clues for us to explore the roles of c-di-GMP signaling in human pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis.     

结核分枝杆菌膜蛋白Rv0849免疫学特性的初步检测

探讨了结核分枝杆菌膜蛋白Rv0849作为药泵蛋白的转运功能及其作为外源蛋白免疫诱导C57BL/6小鼠产生免疫应答的能力.从H37Rv基因组中扩增获得Rv0849基因,酶切后连接到分枝杆菌穿梭质粒pMV261上构建重组质粒pMV0849,并以耻垢分枝杆菌为载体构建获得重组菌株SM(0849).检测药物对重组菌株SM(0849)的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)变化,用重组菌株免疫C57BL/6小鼠检测其作为外源蛋白免疫诱导小鼠产生的免疫应答反应.结果表明,重组菌株SM(0849)对药物的耐受性没有明显提高,但能够较早、较好地诱导小鼠体液免疫应答水平,并能通过刺激小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞促使其分泌高水平的肿瘤坏死因子-α和干扰素-γ.Rv0849所编码的蛋白具有较弱的药泵功能,但有潜力成为一种新的免疫抗原.     

MicroRNA与转录因子调控网络综述

MicroRNA是一类长度约为18-24nt的非编码小RNA,它在转录后水平通过调控靶基因来行使多种生物学功能,例如：细胞周期、分化、细胞增殖和凋亡等。在转录水平,转录因子作为一种重要的调控因子参与调控多种基因的表达。近些年研究表明转录因子可以直接调控miRNA的表达,并且参与了包括肿瘤疾病发生等多种生物学进程。转录因子与miRNA形成的调控网络已被广泛地研究,文中就目前已有的研究成果进行综述,以期为今后转录因子与miRNA调控通路的研究提供一定的理论基础。     

结核分枝杆菌ESX-1分泌系统的研究进展

目的:综述结核分枝杆菌ESX-1分泌系统的组成及其组分的作用。方法:检索并查阅结核分枝杆菌ESX-1分泌系统相关的文献,并进行归纳总结。结果:ESX-1系统是以分泌ESAT-6及CFP-10为特征的分泌系统,包括编码基因及十余种分泌调节基因。结论:结核分枝杆菌毒力分子ESAT-6及CFP-10的分泌是多种相关编码基因共同作用的结果。     

结核分支杆菌H37Rv株抗原成份分析

通过免疫印迹技术（Western blotting），用结核杆菌的单克隆抗体及兔抗结核菌多克隆抗体对结核分支杆菌H37Rv的菌体蛋白和培养液蛋白成份进行了初步分析，发现固体培养菌与液体培养菌的菌体具有基本一致的多肽抗原成份，而培养液中的抗原成份与前两者差异稍大。通过筛选和鏊定结核分枝杆菌的特异性和保护性抗原，研究结核杆菌的免疫反应特点，为探索结核病的诊断和治疗的新途径奠定了一定的基础。     

The catalase-peroxidase gene and isoniazid resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis is responsible for one in four of all avoidable adult deaths in developing countries. Increased frequency and accelerated fatality of the disease among individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus has raised worldwide concern that control programmes may be inadequate, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has resulted in several recent fatal outbreaks in the United States. Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (isoniazid, INH) forms the core of antituberculosis regimens; however, clinical isolates that are resistant to INH show reduced catalase activity and a relative lack of virulence in guinea-pigs. Here we use mycobacterial genetics to study the molecular basis of INH resistance. A single M. tuberculosis gene, katG, encoding both catalase and peroxidase, restored sensitivity to INH in a resistant mutant of Mycobacterium smegmatis, and conferred INH susceptibility in some strains of Escherichia coli. Deletion of katG from the chromosome was associated with INH resistance in two patient isolates of M. tuberculosis.     

Complex lipid determines tissue-specific replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice

Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death in the world resulting from a single bacterial infection. Despite its enormous burden on world health, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bacterial multiplication and concomitant tissue damage within an infected host, including experimentally infected mice, occurs primarily in the lungs-the favoured niche of M. tuberculosis. Although it has been proposed that the distinctive cell wall of M. tuberculosis is important for virulence, rigorous genetic proof has been lacking. Here, using signature-tagged mutagenesis, we isolated three attenuated M. tuberculosis mutants that cannot synthesize or transport a complex, cell wall-associated lipid called phthiocerol dimycocerosate (PDIM) which is found only in pathogenic mycobacteria. Two mutants have transposon insertions affecting genes implicated in PDIM synthesis; the third has a disruption in a gene encoding a large transmembrane protein required for proper subcellular localization of PDIM. Synthesis and transport of this complex lipid is only required for growth in the lung; all three mutants are unaffected for growth in the liver and spleen. This clearly shows that a lipid is required for M. tuberculosis virulence.     

Heterologous Expression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Ag85B in Pichia pastoris

Tuberculosisisaworldwidehealthproblemandmaybethemostcommoncauseofdeathfromanysingleinfectiousagent.Theannualnumberofdeathscausedbythisdiseaseisanticipatedtoreach3.5×106by2005.Theserioussituationhascreatedanurgentneedfora newvaccinetopreventTB[1].TheMycob…