厦门养殖石斑鱼两种贝尼登单殖吸虫记述

报道厦门海域网箱养殖的石斑鱼广泛流行感染的2种贝尼登单殖吸虫病原,它们是：康吉新贝尼登虫Neobenedeniella congeri(Yamaguti,1958)Yamaguti,1963和片卷涡异贝尼登虫Allobenedenia convoluta(Yamaguti,1937)Yamaguti,1963,均寄生于青石斑鱼（Epinephelus awoara)。这两种贝尼登虫均隶属于单殖吸虫目分室科（Capsalidae) 的贝尼登亚科（Benedeniinae)。对这2种贝尼登虫病原进行了形态记述和感染报道,并对这两种贝尼登虫病原在厦门海水养殖石斑鱼中的流行感染情况进行了简单介绍。     

Screening microsatellite markers from EST sequences of bay scallop Argopecten irradians

Seventy-five simple sequence repeats （SSRs） were identified by the bioinformatic analysis from 5008 expressed sequence tags （ESTs） of Argopecten irradians. Among the SSRs, the number of repeat nucleotide varied from 2 to 6. Dinucleotide and trinueleotide repeat motifs were dominant in EST-SSRs of bay scallop, with a proportion of 80% over the total screened SSRs. Twenty-nine pairs of primer were designed based on the flank sequences of the selected ESTs using the software of Primet 5, and verified under the given PCR reaction condition. Eighteen of the 29 primer pairs resulted in the expected products, while the remaining either failed to produce any fragments or yielded products over expected size. Thirteen of the 18 SSRs, accounting for 72%, were detected to show polymorphism in the examined scallop samples. A preliminary test in this study indicated that the majority of the identified SSRs were informative in the cultured bay scallops, making them suitable for the population and other genetic analysis. EST-SSR markers have more advantages than the traditional genomic-derived SSRs and there is a wide range of application in comparative mapping, functional gene cloning and marker assisted selection. This research provides a reference to the identification of EST-SSRs with relative bioinformatic analysis from aquaculture species, as well as to those with a large number of ESTs.     

赤点石斑鱼精子发生和形成的超微结构研究

用透射电镜研究了赤点石斑鱼Epinephelus妇精子发生和精子形成过程。结果表明，赤点石斑鱼精子发生经历了初级精原细胞、次级精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞阶段。精子细胞再经过精子形成过程成为精子。在初级精原细胞、次级精原细胞阶段，细胞核释放出拟染色体。拟染色体分布于精原细胞和前期Ⅰ的初级精母细胞的细胞质中。初级精母细胞减数分裂早期同源染色体配对明显可见，并形成联会复合体。精子细胞之间存在细胞联系（桥粒）。赤点石斑鱼成熟精子的特点是细胞核圆形，核内染色质致密，没有核泡（核空隙）。精子尾部细长，横切面为典型的“9＋2”轴丝结构。     

贵州马铁菊头蝠群体遗传结构的微卫星分析

利用6对微卫星引物对贵州马铁菊头蝠的等位基因频率、基因杂合度和多态性信息含量进行了遗传检测。结果表明,6对微卫星引物共扩增出18个等位基因。基因频率分布在0.021 0～0.833 0之间。6个微卫星位点的平均杂合度为0.342 7,平均多态性信息含量为0.381 3。分析认为贵州马铁菊头蝠遗传多样性相对较低。     

斜带石斑鱼消化器官的蛋白酶和淀粉酶活力变化

在广东阳江闸坡网箱养殖区,采集不同生长阶段的斜带石斑鱼样品,体重20～500 g。采用酶学分析方法研究了斜带石斑鱼胃,幽门盲囊、肠、肝胰脏蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活力。结果表明,30℃养殖水温下,各部分蛋白酶活力为幽门盲囊>胃>肠>肝胰脏,淀粉酶活力为肝胰脏>幽门盲囊>肠>胃。在斜带石斑鱼发育进程中,300 g前蛋白酶活力呈上升趋势,350 g前淀粉酶活力呈上升趋势。胃、幽门盲囊、肠、肝胰脏蛋白酶活力的最适温度和pH依次为40℃和3.0,40℃和8.0,50℃和8.0,50℃和7.0,胃、幽门盲囊、肠、肝胰脏淀粉酶活力的最适温度和pH依次为40℃和5.0,40℃和8.0,50℃和8.0,50℃和7.0。     

Assessment of genetic diversity in the forest musk deer （Moschus berezovskii） using microsatellite and AFLP markers

Microsatellite genotyping and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) techniques are often utilized in studies of conservation genetics of endangered animals. To select a more effective marker system for conserving the endangered forest musk deer, we used microsatellite and AFLP markers to estimate levels of genetic diversity of two populations, the pure mother Jinfengshan (JFS) group and the offspring Baisha (BS) group with introduction of new blood. It was expected that JFS would pos- sess significa...     

自然产卵的赤点石斑鱼胚胎及仔鱼形态发育研究

介绍赤点石斑鱼（Epinephelus akaara)人工种苗繁殖生产中,以自然产出的受精卵为材料,进行孵化、培育,连续观察该种鱼的胚胎发育过程及仔鱼的形态,并对其作的详细描述。     

赤点石斑鱼4种同工酶的组织分布及基因位点分析

运用聚丙烯酰胺垂直梯度凝胶电泳法对赤点石斑鱼7组织(肌肉、肝脏、肾脏、心肌、脑、脾脏、性腺)的4种同工酶(EST、LDH、MDH、ME)进行了初步研究,并对4种酶的同工酶位点及酶谱表型进行了分析.结果表明:赤点石斑鱼的4种同工酶系统具有明显的组织特异性;EST由4个基因位点编码;LDH酶带多于典型的5条酶带;MDH具有线粒体型(m-MDH)和上清液型(s-MDH)两种类型;7种组织只检测到一种类型的ME.     

The Karyotypes,C-banding Patterns and AgNORs of Epinephelus malabaricus

0　IntroductionThestudyonfishchromosomeswasstartedabroadinthethirtiesofthetwentiethcentury .Butduetoimperfectfixedmethodsandtechniques ,determinationwasstronglysubjective ,inadditionfishchromosomesbeingmuchsmallerthanthoseofhumanspeciesandothermammals ,plantsandinsects ,thereliabilityofearlyresearchresultswasratherdeviated .Afterthefifties ,thepreparation ,observationmethodsandtechniquesofhumanchromo someswereconstantlyimproved ,andin 1 970s ,variouschromosomebandingtechniqueswereestablished .…     

福尔马林处理对石斑拟合片盘虫和斜带石斑鱼的影响

20 0 0年 4月研究了斜带石斑 Epinepheluscoioides寄生拟合片盘虫Pseudorhabdosynochusepinepheli的防治方法。海水福尔马林对拟合盘虫的作用表现为 :2 5min处理的半致死浓度为 2 5 0× 10 - 6 ,5 0min处理的半致死浓度为 5 0× 10 - 6 。淡水福尔马林的效果为 :3min的半致死浓度为 83× 10 - 6 ,纯淡水处理的半致死时间为 2 1min。海水福尔马林对斜带石斑的毒性表现为 :30min和 4 5min的半致死浓度分别为 94 0× 10 - 6 和 6 4 5× 10 - 6 。淡水福尔马林对斜带石斑的毒性表现为 :5min和 10min的半致死浓度分别为 130 0× 10 - 6 和 5 0 0× 10 - 6 。福尔马林处理海水中的斜带石斑半致死浓度介于 6 0 0× 10 - 6 ～ 10 0 0× 10 - 6 ,淡水处理对斜带石斑半致死浓度介于 95× 10 - 6 ～ 115×10 - 6 。淡水中斜带石斑的半麻醉和半致死时间分别为 95min和 115min。以上结果表明 :海水和淡水福尔马林对石斑拟合片盘虫的致死浓度 ,处于斜带石斑的安全范围之内。     

斜带石斑鱼受精卵及仔稚鱼生理生态学的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外在斜带石斑鱼受精卵及仔稚鱼的发育、仔稚鱼对理化环境的耐受性及摄饵机制等方面的研究进展,并对今后斜带石斑鱼的发展前景提出了几点建议．     

温度和盐度对斜带石斑鱼幼鱼生长与存活的影响

研究了水温及盐度渐变和突变条件下斜带石斑鱼幼鱼的生长和存活情况.结果表明:1)斜带石斑鱼幼鱼在温度15～32 ℃的海水中均能存活和生长,最适温度范围为22～28 ℃.在突变条件下,斜带石斑鱼幼鱼在温度为14～32 ℃范围内48 h的存活率均在92.5 %以上,其中17～29 ℃的存活率为100 %;在渐变条件下,温度为12～32 ℃范围内幼鱼存活率可达80 %～95 %.2)斜带石斑鱼幼鱼的盐度适宜范围是9～39.在突变条件下,斜带石斑鱼幼鱼在盐度为4～39范围内48 h的存活率均在95 %以上,盐度为0时不能存活;在渐变条件下,盐度为4～39范围内幼鱼存活率可达91 %～100 %,其中盐度为14～39范围内幼鱼的存活率均在98 %以上.     

甲状腺素和生长激素与斜带石斑鱼早期个体发育的关系

采用放射免疫法测定了斜带石斑鱼卵、胚胎及仔鱼组织的三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)水平。斜带石斑鱼未受精卵中含有较高的T3水平，达每克体质量2，75ng，于开口期升至每克体质量6.28ng，之后保持在较低水平。用T3浸泡处理4～5周仔鱼，当T3浓度达到10^-8mol／L以上时，外源T3才能引起组织T3水平增加；10^-8mol/L的作用比10^-7mol/L的作用弱，浸泡24h所引起的T3增加幅度明显高于72h；对4周仔鱼的影响明显强于5周仔鱼。这些结果证实了斜带石斑鱼卵中存在母源T3，其自身内分泌腺的分化可能始于孵化期或开口期，处于变态后期的仔鱼已具有一定的调节组织甲状腺素水平的能力。外源T3能影响4--5周仔鱼组织L水平的最低浓度为10^-8mol／L,浸泡2，4h对发育早期的仔鱼作用较强。用RT-PCR检测了斜带石斑鱼卵、胚胎及仔鱼生长激素(growth hormone，GH)mRNA的表达情况，表明未受精卵中有较高水平的GH mRNA表达，受精卵至囊胚期胚胎的GH mRNA表达水平较低，原肠期以后，胚胎GH mRNA的表达量明显增加，进一步证明硬骨鱼从受精卵开始就存在GH mRNA的表达，并在自身内分泌腺分化之前参与鱼类早期发育的调节。总之，斜带石斑鱼的早期发育受甲状腺素和生长激素的共同调节。     

石斑鱼卵巢cDNA文库构建及脂肪酸结合蛋白克隆

应用SMARPTM技术构建了斜带石斑鱼Epinephelus coioides卵巢cDNA文库。所构建的cDNA文库滴度为4.5×106 pfu/mL,重组率为99％,扩增后文库的滴度为1.2×1010pfu/mL。把phagemid转化为质粒后,随机挑选60个阳性克隆进行酶切鉴定和测序。酶切结果表明:插入片段长度均在500~3 000 bp之间。测序结果经过生物信息学分析,发现其中一个克隆为脂肪酸结合蛋白(FABP)基因全长,并与人肝型(L)脂肪酸结合蛋白同源性最高,为70％。     

点带石斑鱼仔、稚、幼鱼的形态观察

根据点带石斑鱼胚后发育过程中卵黄囊的消失、鳍的形成、鳞片的出现等形态特征变化 ,参照国内外对硬骨鱼类胚后发育时期划分的一般方法 ,将点带石斑鱼的胚后发育划分为仔鱼期 (含卵黄囊期仔鱼和后期仔鱼 )、稚鱼期、幼鱼期 ,并对各个发育时期的形态特征进行了较为详细的描述 ,记录了各个发育时期的体长、体重的增长情况     

高色价栀子黄色素提取工艺及其性质研究

对栀子黄色素提取工艺及条件进行了改进，从栀子果实中提取高色价的黄色素，并对该色素进行了理化性质实验，结果表明，在改进工艺条件后，所得产品吸光度等于220，为GB7912-87要求吸光度E1cm^1D0nm≥24的9倍。且该色素在酸，碱条件下对热，光均具有较好的稳定性。     

Evaluation of genetic diversity and relationships within and between two breeds of duck based on microsatellite markers

The genetic diversity of two natural populations (M, N) of Beijing duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and 11 artificially selected lines of Beijing duck (A, B, E-L, O) from China Gold Star Duck Production Ltd., along with two Cherry Valley duck lines (C and D) from the British Cherry Valley Livestock Division, was evaluated using 18 microsatellite markers covering 16 linkage groups. A phylogenetic tree of the 15 populations of duck, formed of four main branches, was constructed from Nei’s D_A genetic distance. The mean genetic differentiation index (F_ST) in all loci, Nei’s standard genetic distance (Ds), and the genetic distance D_A between the Beijing duck and the Cherry Valley duck were 0.075, 0.143 and 0.142, respectively. These results demonstrated a high degree of genetic similarity between the two breeds and supported the hypothesis that the Cherry Valley duck was derived from the Beijing duck. The F_ST matrix of seven clusters of Beijing duck suggested that the efficiency of selection was not significant to some extent and should be supplemented by marker-assisted selection.     

水稻早熟基因显性抑制基因的遗传分析和分子标记定位

将明恢63,9311,IR68,献国和BG1639等5个迟热水稻品种与早籼核不育系6442S—7杂交,对F1,F2代以及三交F1群体进行抽穗期遗传分析．结果表明,9311,IR68,献国和BG1639等4个迟熟品种含有1对等位的显性抑制基因,可部分地抑制6442S—7显性早熟基因的表达．以6442S—7∥明恢63／9311三交F1群体为定位群体,利用微卫星标记将该抑制基因定位于水稻第8染色体短臂上．该抑制基因命名为Su—Ef-cd(t),并认为该基因对于利用6442S—7早熟基因来培育不同熟期的早熟和中早熟品种具有重要意义．