时变路网下多配送中心多车型联合配送研究

随着电子商务发展,越来越多的城市、企业采用多配送中心模式,优化补货车辆、配送站点车辆出行时刻及出行路线的优化变得越来越重要。目前考虑城市时变速度特征的多车型联合配送中,对配送车辆出行时刻和配送路径联合优化角度的研究成果较少。基于此,本文主要构建基于时变速度多配送中心多车型联合配送模型,并设计基于禁忌搜索求解算法,论文收集了北京市城市配送大数据,以北京市公铁联运城市配送为应用背景,对算法进行了验证,通过计算发现本算法可以有效优化多配送中心多车型联合配送运输成本和时间成本,算法能够应用于北京这种特大城市的公铁联运城市配送方案中。     

基于混合遗传算法的应急物资配送路径优化

为解决突发事件下应急物资的配送路径优化问题,以配送车辆的固定成本、运输成本、违反最大载重量以及右时间窗的惩罚成本之和最小为目标,构建了带时间窗约束的应急物资配送路径优化模型;通过将遗传算法与节约算法、大规模邻域搜索算法相结合,设计出了一种混合遗传算法对模型进行求解;最后用算例仿真验证了模型和算法的可行性。实验结果表明:设计的混合遗传算法在求解过程和求解结果上都比标准遗传算法更优,可见能够为解决应急物资的配送路径优化问题提供科学的决策依据。     

配送问题的数学模型与两阶段启发式算法研究

在一些模型假设的基础上，构造了客户订单合成配送问题的数学模型，提出了解决该问题的两阶段启发式算法．实验表明，此算法可以有效求得客户订单合成配送问题的近优解，为实现客户订单的优化合成配送提供了一个基本方法．     

基于遗传算法的配送优化算法设计与实现

为了在有限的资源下,以最小成本完成物资的配送,需要对配送路由进行优化。提出了一种配送优化算法,它在遗传算法基础上根据物资配送的特点选取种点和需求点,并利用配送点需求量进行区位分配结果的优化。仿真结果表明,算法能有效地解决种点的选取问题。极大地减少了运算时间,能在较短的时间内获得较优的解决方案。     

基于改进遗传算法多车辆同城配送问题

针对同城配送中宽松时间窗订单逐渐增多的现象,为了节省同城速运中多车辆配送订单成本和时间,提出一种双模式的同城速运方案;首先以配送成本最低为目标,按照订单的时间窗要求,分为普通件和急件订单,构建了一个基于同时取送货的带时间窗的同城配送模型(VRPSPDTW);其次在算法层面使用改进遗传算法求解出每辆车的最优配送路线;为了避免传统的遗传算法容易陷入局部最优缺陷,结合模拟退火算法机制,在构造适应度函数加入模拟退火算子,在翻转变异中加入2-OPT(2-Optimization),有效提高了算法的求解性能;最后通过设置5 km×5 km的配送区域算例进行验证,并且与经典的遗传算法求解结果进行对比分析。结果表明：模型求解出最优路径能够有效减少配送的总距离,并且优化同城配送的整体路径分配的均衡性。     

大规模车辆配送/收集问题的求解框架

大规模车辆配送/收集问题是供应链末端的日常商品配送和逆向物流前端的废品收集过程中的典型问题,存在着车辆载重、工作时间和车辆服务区域固定等约束,属于扩展的有载重约束的车辆路径问题。该文对该类车辆问题进行了描述和特点分析,提出了一个3阶段的求解框架:采用基于主干道的网格法对客户进行区域化整合;采用车流模型和C-W、3-opt相结合的算法完成客户区域对车辆的分配;采用旅行商问题求解方法对区域内车辆路径进行优化。案例研究的结果证明了该求解框架的实用性和有效性。     

复杂装配车间的物料推拉式配送策略

主要针对复杂装配车间的物料配送过程中出现的物料积压、配送模式单一、配送效率低等现象提出了一套推拉式结合的配送策略。这套配送策略包含推式配送管理策略和与之相对应的库存盘点策略，以及一种配送提前期算法；此外，在拉式配送策略方面还提出了最晚起配时间和处理周期两个关键理念，并对临时急需、返工等突发情况的处理提出了优化建议，较好的保证了生产和配送过程的稳定性。     

基于改进量子进化算法的末端配送任务动态分配模型

大多数物流快递企业的配送业务末端会按照固定的配送服务区进行配送任务分配,无法针对变化频繁、分布不均的动态配送需求进行合理的配送资源设置,造成了各个末端配送节点工作负荷不均衡的现象,并进一步导致了配送调度管理混乱等问题。针对末端配送任务分配问题建立了一种考虑配送成本,资源利用率以及工作量配比差异的配送任务分配模型,对量子进化算法进行改进。对此问题求解,提出采用量子群稳定度作为算法退出判定条件,来避免算法的早退与无效迭代问题,并引入量子变异与淘汰机制,加强了算法对可行解的搜索能力。实验结果表明,与按配送区进行分配的方案相比,算法给出的方案有效缓解了配送任务分配不均的现象,同时也有效降低了总体配送成本。相关模型和算法可以根据动态的配送需求合理地分配各个末端网点的配送任务,有助于配送业务的下一步配送路径优化和科学调度。     

共同配送选址-路径优化模型与算法

以北京市奶制品配送问题为场景,研究了共同配送选址-路径优化问题。建立了两层级带容量约束的共同配送选址-路径问题的混合整数规划模型,设计了求解模型的三阶段算法。第一阶段采用基于遗传算法的带容量限制的K-means聚类方法,将客户划分为若干客户集;第二阶段计算每个备选配送中心为每个客户集提供服务的最优配送路径及成本,在此基础上将共同配送中心选址与第二层级配送路径优化问题简化为配送中心选址和客户集分配问题,建立数学模型并利用Lingo软件求解;第三阶段确定从物流中心到共同配送中心的最优配送路径。通过对比两大品牌奶制品在北京地区各商超的单独配送与共同配送成本,验证了模型和算法的合理性和有效性。研究结果为解决不同类型产品共同配送网络优化等问题提供了决策依据。     

电子商务配送的跨区域VRP模型及其启发式算法

传统的基于分区策略的配送模式已不能满足电子商务物流配送业务的要求,采用将多个配送区域联合、沿途多次补货的配送策略可有效地解决上述矛盾,而车辆路径问题是该配送策略的一个重要组成部分。在说明了模型的假设条件后,建立了基于区域联合策略的VRP(veh icle rou ting prob lem)模型,开发了一种基于几何分析的启发式算法,采用二次搜索、分批插入的办法确定补货点,从而得到沿途多次补货的配送路径,最后用数值算例对模型和算法进行了数值演算。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of