天线阵列的双正交模分析法

提出一种新型分析天线阵列的方法,该方法利用模式理论,结合阵列特点选取每个阵元的双正交模函数组为整个阵列矩量法的分域展开函数和加权函数,考虑耦合性较强那部分互耦矩阵,产生稀疏阻抗矩阵,进行运算得到所需特性。分析了天线阵列和散射体阵列特性,计算结果与传统矩量法相比一致性较好。方法既保持了传统矩量法的精确性,而且概念清晰,节约存储空间,提高了计算效率。     

一种无线定位非视距误差消除算法研究

在分布式多天线的基础上,提出一种新型非视距误差消除算法,并将其应用于传统的时间到达（time of arrival,TOA）定位。利用含多天线的天线组,测量出导致产生非视距传播的散射体的位置,将这些散射体看作虚拟基站,测量出移动台的坐标,完成无线定位。通过对算法的仿真结果分析表明,该算法能有效地消除非视距误差,比一些传统算法具有更高的定位精度。     

基于回波阵列特征结构分解的血流运动信息高分辨估计方法

在将混合模型引入时域分析并建立表征超声运动检测回波的一般模型的基础上,对特征结构法的运动估计性能进行了仿真．结果表明,该方法在处理由空间部分相关分布的运动散射子所产生的超声血流信号时同样具有高分辨性能．     

濮阳台电磁波异常与地震活动关系的研究

介绍了台站所处的地震地质环境条件及电磁波观测仪器基本情况。对濮阳市地震台电磁波观测资料进行了分析研究。结果表明 ,电磁波异常对 10 0km范围内的M 13.0级以上地震及 30 0km左右Ms5 .0级以上地震和 10 0 0km左右的Ms6 .0级以上地震有很好的对应关系。电磁波异常是一种地震前兆短临异常 ,异常一般在震前几天到五十几天出现 ;异常幅度大 ,异常易于识别 ;地震多发生在异常结束之后或异常高值回落的过程中。濮阳台曾依据电磁波异常变化 ,成功地进行了两次地震短临预报 ,地震三要素均在预报范围之内。     

基于张衡一号电磁卫星数据对印尼Ms 7.4地震的研究

以2018年9月28日印尼Ms 7.4地震为背景, 利用张衡一号电磁卫星观测的ULF磁场X, Y和Z三分量数据, 采用滑动四分位(IQR)算法、滑动主成分分析算法(PCA)和短时傅里叶变换算法(STFT), 对震中范围的时空电磁数据进行分析, 结果显示 3 种算法都能有效地提取到震前异常。1) X,Y和Z分量均值震前7天开始出现异常, 随着发震时间临近, Y和Z分量的异常程度逐渐增加, 震前2天达到峰值, Y分量最大异常达到0.7 nT, 震后异常慢慢消失; 2) 震前5天主成分出现异常, 第一主成分占比急剧下降, 下降幅度超过15%, 第二、第三主成分占比急剧上升, 异常持续3天; 3) 震前9天, 13和25 Hz功率谱密度占比同时出现大幅异常, 13 Hz占比上升35%, 25 Hz占比下降超过40%, 13 Hz占比出现正异常, 最大正异常达到0.1, 25 Hz占比出现负异常, 最大负异常达到?0.15, 震后异常消失。结合同时段的太阳地磁活动情况, 认为上述电磁异常可以作为印尼地震的前兆。     

激发极化法对深部隐伏矿体预测研究

激发极化法是我国金属矿电法勘探的主要手段。在此以激发极化法在某铜矿区为例,运用激电法中的中梯装置和三级装置,对深部隐伏矿体预测,通过实测数据的分析,解释异常成因。     

基于改进的抛物线方程方法求解棱边散射体

将抛物线算法应用于目标的电磁散射特性分析中;针对传统的抛物线算法在计算棱边散射体时误差较大这一问题,引入了棱边绕射对其进行修正;计算结果表明,与传统方法相比,该方法可以有效地提高棱边散射体的计算精度.     

Revisit the K-segment of the Southeast Indian Ridge for new evidence of hydrothermal plumes

During the first leg of a Chinese research cruise to the Southeast Indian Ridge (SEIR) in 2007, we revisited the K-segment of the SEIR and observed a water column turbidity anomaly at a CTD cast station. This station was located ~400 m from a dredge site on a plume anomaly detected in 1996 by US scientists. The characteristics of the turbidity anomaly detected in our survey are different from those observed 11 years previously, implying that either the detected anomalies have distinct and different plume sources or the robustness of the plume has changed in the intervening time. In addition, turbidity anomalies were observed at two localities on the K-segment in a deep tow-yo profile. If these two anomalies are not connected, the plume incidence calculated would be about 0.28, larger than the predicted value of 0.25 for a 65 mm/a spreading rate. This increase in plume incidence on the K-segment seems to be related to the influence of the St. Paul-Amsterdam hotspot, located about 300 km to the northwest.     

Migration of seismic scatterers associated with the 1993 Parkfield aseismic transient event

The time-varying deformation field within a fault zone, particularly at depths where earthquakes occur, is important for understanding fault behaviour and its relation to earthquake occurrence. But detection of this temporal variation has been extremely difficult, although laboratory studies have long suggested that certain structural changes, such as the properties of crustal fractures, should be seismically detectable. Here we present evidence that such structural changes are indeed observable. In particular, we find a systematic temporal variation in the seismograms of repeat microearthquakes that occurred on the Parkfield segment of the San Andreas fault over the decade 1987-97. Our analysis reveals a change of the order of 10 m in the location of scatterers which plausibly lie within the fault zone at a depth of approximately 3 km. The motion of the scatterers is coincident, in space and time, with the onset of a well documented aseismic transient (deformation event). We speculate that this structural change is the result of a stress-induced redistribution of fluids in fluid-filled fractures caused by the transient event.     

基于圆弓形散射元的光子晶体禁带研究

基于对光子晶体禁带影响因素的研究,设计了圆弓形和非对称圆弓形两种新型散射元。并利用平面波展开法,根据六边形排列结构,对两种新型散射元禁带宽度进行模拟计算,比较了TE模式和TM模式禁带关系和相对禁带宽度。结果表明,两种新型散射元不但可以获得更大的光子晶体禁带宽度,而且可以方便地调整禁带的位置。     

二维粗锐结构声子晶体带结构的计算

提出二维粗锐结构声子晶体模型,采用平面波展开法数值计算了不同体积填充率下二维正方粗锐和圆粗锐结构声子晶体的带结构.计算结果表明,利用粗锐结构的散射体同样可获得较宽的完全带隙,正方粗锐和圆粗锐结构的声子晶体最大带隙分别出现在体积填充率为f=0.3136和f=0.3216处.     

Thermochemical structures beneath Africa and the Pacific Ocean

Large low-velocity seismic anomalies have been detected in the Earth's lower mantle beneath Africa and the Pacific Ocean that are not easily explained by temperature variations alone. The African anomaly has been interpreted to be a northwest-southeast-trending structure with a sharp-edged linear, ridge-like morphology. The Pacific anomaly, on the other hand, appears to be more rounded in shape. Mantle models with heterogeneous composition have related these structures to dense thermochemical piles or superplumes. It has not been shown, however, that such models can lead to thermochemical structures that satisfy the geometrical constraints, as inferred from seismological observations. Here we present numerical models of thermochemical convection in a three-dimensional spherical geometry using plate velocities inferred for the past 119 million years. We show that Earth's subduction history can lead to thermochemical structures similar in shape to the observed large, lower-mantle velocity anomalies. We find that subduction history tends to focus dense material into a ridge-like pile beneath Africa and a relatively more-rounded pile under the Pacific Ocean, consistent with seismic observations.     

基于散射体信息的室内NLOS单基站定位算法

针对室内非视距(non-line-of-sight，NLOS)环境下的定位问题，提出一种基于散射体信息的室内NLOS单基站定位算法。根据室内场景的先验信息获得散射体的分布范围，选定一条反射路径的飞行时间(time of flight，TOF)作为参考，利用剩余路径的TOF与其做差分来构造差分TOF观测值，从而消除由于收发两端时钟不同步造成的相位误差影响; 根据每条路径的AOA及散射体的分布范围进一步确定散射体的位置范围; 利用差分TOF构造非线性定位目标方程，进一步将此方程转换为非线性最小二乘优化问题，利用遗传算法(genetic algorithm，GA)对目标进行初步定位，采用列文伯格-马夸尔特(Levenberg-Marquard，LM)算法对目标进行精确定位。仿真结果表明，该算法可以有效解决室内NLOS环境下的单站定位问题。     

基于逆Radon变换的多散射点微动检测与测量

为将微动特性用于雷达目标识别,提出一种多散射点微动检测与测量算法.推导了典型微动对雷达回波调制的微多普勒,在此基础上,给出基于逆Radon变换的目标微动检测与测量原理;结合逐次消去法,研究了大动态范围下多散射点的微动检测与测量算法并给出相应的处理流程.定量仿真实验结果证明了该算法的有效性.     

Low-velocity zone atop the 410-km seismic discontinuity in the northwestern United States

The seismic discontinuity at 410 km depth in the Earth's mantle is generally attributed to the phase transition of (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 (refs 1, 2) from the olivine to wadsleyite structure. Variation in the depth of this discontinuity is often taken as a proxy for mantle temperature owing to its response to thermal perturbations. For example, a cold anomaly would elevate the 410-km discontinuity, because of its positive Clapeyron slope, whereas a warm anomaly would depress the discontinuity. But trade-offs between seismic wave-speed heterogeneity and discontinuity topography often inhibit detailed analysis of these discontinuities, and structure often appears very complicated. Here we simultaneously model seismic refracted waves and scattered waves from the 410-km discontinuity in the western United States to constrain structure in the region. We find a low-velocity zone, with a shear-wave velocity drop of 5%, on top of the 410-km discontinuity beneath the northwestern United States, extending from southwestern Oregon to the northern Basin and Range province. This low-velocity zone has a thickness that varies from 20 to 90 km with rapid lateral variations. Its spatial extent coincides with both an anomalous composition of overlying volcanism and seismic 'receiver-function' observations observed above the region. We interpret the low-velocity zone as a compositional anomaly, possibly due to a dense partial-melt layer, which may be linked to prior subduction of the Farallon plate and back-arc extension. The existence of such a layer could be indicative of high water content in the Earth's transition zone.     

不同装置下点源球体的近似解与精确解对比

针对利用简单加倍的方法求解点源球体解析解的局限性,采用双球坐标系,通过镜像法求解点源下球体的精确解,将其与简单加倍求得的近似解进行对比,给出了简单加倍方法的适用条件,从而在实际中能够更准确地使用简单加倍的方法.研究结果表明:对于二极装置,当球心埋深h≤1.5r0时,利用简单加倍方法求得的近似解与精确解的误差已达到10％以上;对于中梯装置,当球心埋深h≤1.7r0时,二者的误差达到10％;二极装置的视电阻率曲线随着极距AM的增加会出现反向异常的现象,且极距越大,反向异常越明显.     

Gravity anomaly during the Mohe total solar eclipse

By using a high-precision LaCoste-Romberg (D-122#) gravimeter, continuous and precise measurements were carried out during the March 9, 1997 total solar eclipse in the Mohe region in Northeast China. The gravity variations were digitally recorded during the total solar eclipse so as to investigate the possible anomaly of the sun and the moon’s gravitational fields on the earth. After the careful processing and analysis of the observed data, no significant anomaly during the very solar eclipse has been found. However, there are two ‘gravity anomaly valleys’ with near symmetrical decrease of about 6–7 μGal at the first contact and the last contact. This is the anomaly phenomenon observed and reported for the first time in the literature. This note presents some analyses and discussions.     

Hidden orbital order in the heavy fermion metal URu(2)Si(2)

When matter is cooled from high temperatures, collective instabilities develop among its constituent particles that lead to new kinds of order. An anomaly in the specific heat is a classic signature of this phenomenon. Usually the associated order is easily identified, but sometimes its nature remains elusive. The heavy fermion metal URu(2)Si(2) is one such example, where the order responsible for the sharp specific heat anomaly at T(0) = 17 K has remained unidentified despite more than seventeen years of effort. In URu(2)Si(2), the coexistence of large electron electron repulsion and antiferromagnetic fluctuations leads to an almost incompressible heavy electron fluid, where anisotropically paired quasiparticle states are energetically favoured. Here we develop a proposal for the nature of the hidden order in URu(2)Si(2). We show that incommensurate orbital antiferromagnetism, associated with circulating currents between the uranium ions, can account for the local fields and entropy loss observed at the 17 K transition. We make detailed predictions for the outcome of neutron scattering measurements based on this proposal, so that it can be tested experimentally.     

Upper mantle SH velocity structure beneath Qiangtang Terrane by modeling triplicated phases

We constrain SH wave velocity structure for the upper mantle beneath western Qiangtang Terrane by comparing regional distance seismic triplicated waveforms with synthetic seismograms, based on an intermediate event （-220 km） recorded by the INDEPTH-Ⅲ seismic array. The ATIP model reveals a low-velocity anomaly with up to -4% variation at the depth of 190-270 km and a relatively small velocity gradient above the depth of 410 km in the upper mantle, which is in agreement with previous results. In combination with other geological studies, we suggest that the depth of top asthenosphere is 190 km and no large-scale lithosphere thinning occurs in western Qiangtang Terrane, besides, Qiangtang Terrane has the same kind of upper mantle structure as the stable Eurasia.     

椭球异常体中梯激电异常计算

中梯装置由于采集的数据量有限,通常视为面积性方法而不作定量解释。以中梯装置椭球异常体的激电异常理论为基础,采用坐标旋转、椭圆积分等技术手段推导了水平大地均匀场中任意形态椭球体电场、视极化率和视电阻率解析计算公式,编写了相应程序,为下一步中梯激电实测数据定量反演奠定了基础。