取代苯胺的碘代反应新工艺

以几种取代苯胺为原料,经过碘代反应合成相应的碘代化合物.以2,4-二氯苯胺为反应底物,重点考察了优化合成方法、反应温度、反应时间.反应的最佳条件为:采用一氯化碘溶液进行碘化反应, 反应温度70 ℃,反应时间4 h,产品收率达65.2%.目标产物的结构经IR、MS和NMR表征后确认.     

2,7-二溴芴酮的合成研究

研究了以芴酮为原料，水作为溶剂在碘催化下直接溴代制备2，7-二溴芴酮的方法，考察了不同的溶剂、催化剂、反应时间、反应温度对产率的影响．该制备方法选择水为溶剂、碘作为催化剂，在100℃下反应4h产率为60．3％．并对所合成化合物的结构进行了红外、核磁波谱表征．     

碘催化合成1,2∶5,6-二-氧-异亚丙基-D-甘露醇

以甘露醇为原料,碘作催化剂合成二异亚丙基-D-甘露醇,考察了影响反应的因素,结果表明反应的最佳条件为:n(D-甘露醇)∶n(丙酮)∶n(碘)=1∶25∶0.002,反应温度为30℃～35℃,反应时间12h,产率可达79.4%。     

碘海醇的制备工艺优化

以5-硝基-N,N’-双（2,3-二羟丙基）-1,3．苯二甲酰胺为原料,通过还原、碘代、酰化、烷基化反应制备碘海醇．优化了合成工艺中碘代反应和烷基化反应步骤：在碘代反应中,用碘化钾为碘源、亚氯酸钠为氧化剂代替氯化碘作为碘化试剂;在N-烷基化反应中,用二乙二醇甲醚代替1,2．丙二醇．探讨了物料比、温度等因素对反应的影响,确定了最佳反应条件,总收率达49．4％,产品结构经光谱确证．     

碘催化合成1,2:5,6-二-氧-异亚丙基-D-甘露醇

以甘露醇为原料，碘作催化剂合成二异亚丙基-D-甘露醇，考察了影响反应的因素，结果表明反应的最佳条件为：n（D-甘露醇）：n（丙酮）：n（碘）=1：25：0．002，反应温度为30℃-35℃，反应时间12h，产率可达79．4％。     

二茂铁亚胺环钯二聚体催化合成联苯及其衍生物的研究

在氩气保护下,以二异丙基乙基胺为碱,N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,利用二茂铁亚胺环钯二聚体催化结构多样化的碘代芳烃自身偶联反应,高效地合成对称联苯及其衍生物.此方法具有操作简便,反应时间短,催化剂用量少和产率高等优点.     

直接碘化反应高效合成碘代芳烃

以3-叔丁基水杨醛为原料,通过3种不同的碘化方法分别合成了3-叔丁基-5-碘水杨醛,在温和条件下,以水-乙醇为溶剂、KI为碘化试剂、H_2O_2为氧化剂有效合成了3-叔丁基-5-碘水杨醛.结果表明:在水/乙醇体积比为3∶1,H_2SO_4的质量浓度为62.5 mg·m L~(-1),反应物/KI/氧化剂摩尔比为1∶1∶2,反应温度为70℃,反应时间为6 h时,碘取代反应条件最佳.此时,3-叔丁基-5碘水杨醛摩尔收率高达88.1%,2,6-二氟苯胺和2,6-二异丙基苯胺在该条件下成功进行了碘化反应,产物摩尔收率分别可达87.3%和85.6%.     

5-三氟甲基-2-氯-4-吡啶硼酸的合成研究

采用2-氯-4-碘-5-三氟代甲基吡啶为起始原料,与正丁基锂溶液反应制备5-三氟甲基-2-氯-4-吡啶硼酸。实验研究了合成反应过程几种反应条件对合成产率的影响情况,采用HPLC,FTIR,1 H NMR等方法对产品的纯度和结构进行了分析表征。实验结果表明:当反应温度为-70℃,反应时间为2h,反应物料配比n(2-氯-4-碘-5-三氟代甲基吡啶)∶n(硼酸三丁酯)∶n(正丁基锂)为1.00∶1.20∶1.20,溶液pH值为9.0时,5-三氟甲基-2-氯-4-吡啶硼酸的收率为83.10%,纯度可达98.65%以上。     

异丁基硼酸的超声辐射合成

在超声条件下,以卤代烃、金属镁粉、硼酸酯为原料合成了异丁基硼酸.反应的最佳条件为:以碘及二溴乙烷做催化剂,超声波功率为175 W,反应时间为15 min,反应温度为40℃.     

聚丙烯无纺布接枝NVP的碘络合反应及杀菌性能研究

以接枝N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(NVP)的透明双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)膜为模型,用紫外可见分光光度计研究了表面接枝NVP与碘的络合反应,考察了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)-碘的配比、络合温度、络合时间对络合反应的影响。结果表明,增大络合配比、升高络合温度及延长反应时间,均有利于提高与碘的络合程度。在此基础上,利用聚丙烯接枝NVP无纺布与碘络合制成了“消毒布”,并对其杀菌性能进行了初步评价。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that