1,4-双(3,4-二羧基苯氧基)苯二酸酐的合成与表征

以4-硝基邻苯二甲酰亚胺为原料,经过五步反应,即氨解、脱水、取代、水解和脱水合成了一种双醚酐单体1,4-双(3,4-二羧基苯氧基)苯二酸酐.研究了反应条件对产率的影响.用IR,1H-NMR表征了1,4-双(3,4-二羧基苯氧基)苯二酸酐及其他中间体化合物的结构.     

DDQ促进的异色满苄基位C-O键的构建研究

研究了利用DDQ(二氯二氰基苯醌)促进下,异色满与NHPI(N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺)C-O键构建反应,详细考察了不同溶剂、温度以及底物取代基对反应收率的影响.结果表明,当以DCM(二氯甲烷)为溶剂时室温条件下,反应的收率最好,可以达到70％的产率.     

抗高血压药物硝苯吡啶的合成工艺研究

以乙酰乙酸甲酯、邻硝基苯甲醛、18％氨水或碳酸氢铵为原料，经Hantzsch反应合成2，6-二甲基-4-(2-硝基苯基)-3，5-二甲氧酰基-1，4-二氢吡啶(硝苯吡啶)。利用正交试验得到最佳反应条件，并对反应方法进行改进。     

1-(2-嘧啶基)-4-(3-氨丙基)哌嗪的合成

合成1—(2—嘧啶基)—4—(3—氨丙基)哌嗪，目前大多采用4—(2—嘧啶基)—1[3—(2—邻苯二甲酰亚胺基)丙基]哌嗪肼解的合成方法．腈的毒性大以及操作过程中使用球—球蒸馏装置不利于工业化的批量生产．鉴此，本工作通过研究4—(2—嘧啶基)—l—[3—(2—邻苯二甲酰亚氨基)丙基]哌嗪酸性水解(产率63．5％)和碱性水解(产率50．0％)的反应条件，不仅去掉了球—球蒸馏反应，使反应产率提高、使反应过程容易操作，而且得出了最佳水解条件：对于酸性水解，4—(2—嘧啶基)—1—[3—(2—邻苯二甲酰亚氨基)丙基]哌嗪与盐酸摩尔数之比为1：30，对于碱性水解，前与氢氧化钠摩尔数之比为1：22，反应时间均为6h一7h．     

4-氨基邻苯二甲酰亚胺的制备与表征

以4-硝基邻苯二甲酰亚胺(4-NP)为原料,采用铁粉还原法制备4-氨基邻苯二甲酰亚胺(4-AP).考察了还原反应温度、反应时间、铁粉的用量、氯化铵的用量等因素对4-AP收率的影响.结果表明:当还原反应温度为80℃、反应时间为3 h、n(铁粉):n(硝基化合物)为3.5:1.0、n(氯化铵):n(铁粉)为0.3:1.0时,产物的收率为91.08%、熔点为292.7～292.9℃.并通过红外光谱对产物进行了结构表征,与标准图谱一致.     

N1-（3-苯氧基丙基）-6-甲基尿嘧啶类化合物的合成研究

以取代的苯酚为起始原料,与1,3-二溴丙烷反应合成3-芳氧基-1-溴丙烷(2),通过加布里埃尔反应,使化合物(2)和邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾进行N-烷基化反应合成了2-(3-苯氧基-丙基)二氢异吲哚-1,3-二酮(3),再经肼解得到了3-苯氧基-1-丙胺(4)。将化合物(4)和过量的尿素反应生成单取代的脲(5),再加入活性中间体双乙烯酮,最终得到目标产物N1-(3-苯氧基丙基)-6-甲基尿嘧啶(6)。合成出了5个N1-取代-6-甲基尿嘧啶类化合物,并用1H NMR,IR和元素分析表征了目标产物的结构。该方法路线简捷、原料易得、反应条件较温和,选择性较高。     

DDQ促进的异色满苄基位C—O键的构建研究

研究了利用DDQ(二氯二氰基苯醌)促进下,异色满与NHPI(N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺)C—O键构建反应,详细考察了不同溶剂、温度以及底物取代基对反应收率的影响.结果表明,当以DCM(二氯甲烷)为溶剂时室温条件下,反应的收率最好,可以达到70%的产率.     

酰亚胺的相转移催化N-烷基化反应

A.Butenandt 等发现,邻苯二甲酰亚胺的钾盐与三甲基苄基的季铵盐反应时,季铵盐发生分解而得到 N-苄基邻苯二甲酰亚胺,同时生成挥发性的三甲铵.U.Landini 和 F.Ralla 利用季磷盐为催化剂,用邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾盐为被作用物,进行了固一液相转移提取烷基化反应.考虑到这些情况,我们选用对称性高并且不形成挥发性胺的四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)作为催化剂,在二氯甲烷和40～50%氢氧化钾溶液中,用卤代烃与酰亚胺在35℃进行 N-烷基化反应.用溴丁烷为烃基化试剂,对催化剂用量及反     

1,3-苯并噁嗪衍生物的合成及其杀虫活性

以邻氨基甲基苯酚与硝基取代苯甲醛为原料,在SnCl4的催化作用下合成了一系列取代-1,3-苯并噁嗪类化合物,产率为60%~95%.产物结构经IR、1 H NMR、13 C NMR、MS和元素分析进行了表征.测定了所合成化合物的杀虫活性,化合物对蚜虫具有较好的活性,其中2-(2-硝基苯基)-3-苯基-3,4-二氢-2 H-1,3[e]-苯并噁嗪(5o)的活性达80%(500mg/L).     

新型水溶性希夫碱化合物的合成

从绿色化学的角度出发,实现水相中过渡金属催化的偶联反应已经成为人们研究的热点。希夫碱作为配位催化反应的重要配体,对其水溶性结构的设计合成研究具有重要的意义。本文通过五步反应:首先利用邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾盐与长链二溴烷烃发生单取代反应,得到N-溴烷基取代邻苯二甲酰亚胺产品,然后与三乙胺的乙醇溶液作用生成N-烷基季铵盐取代邻苯二甲酰亚胺化合物,进一步水解得到季铵盐取代的长链氨基溴化氢产物,最后与水杨醛缩合脱水得到两种新型水溶性希夫碱化合物,总收率分别为40%和33%。通过核磁氢谱对产品进行表征,确定其结构。该合成方法具有反应条件温和,产率较高,操作简单等优点;该配体在过渡金属催化的C-C、C-N偶联反应具有潜在的应用价值。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that