基于GMM超向量和Fisher-稀疏表示分类的说话人确认

针对说话人确认识别率低且易受到信道干扰的问题,提出一种基于GMM超向量和Fisher判别准则的稀疏分类算法。该算法首先采用GMM通用背景模型生成说话人的GMM超向量,在超向量集上利用类内协方差归一化方法抑制信道的干扰信息,通过计算GMM超向量与整体训练样本集的Fisher判别比来选择更具区分度的语音特征向量,构建高判别性的稀疏性过完备字典。最后,在过完备字典上对语音GMM超向量进行重构,选择重构误差最小的类别作为目标说话人。仿真实验结果表明:Fisher判别准则在稀疏性过完备字典的构建过程中具有较好的特征选择优势,可以提高稀疏分类的准确性。     

基于上下文和稀疏表示的异常行为识别

提出了一种基于上下文和稀疏编码框架的无监督异常行为识别方法。首先对图像进行稠密采样,获得稠密轨迹,并提取轨迹中心周围图像块的形状特征、R–HOG、HOF特征作为特征描述符,加强了对运动信息的描述。其次,将人体行为区域和上下文区域分割开来建立2个独立字典。再将它们组成联合字典最大化字典信息,避免了单独识别人体异常行为而忽略上下文信息所导致的漏报。最后,利用稀疏重构的方法进行异常检测,分别计算测试样本中上下文区域和行为区域的重构误差,相对重构误差为负表示为正常行为,否则判断为异常行为。在KTH行为数据集上进行对比实验,实验结果表明本文算法在不同背景下均能有效识别异常行为。     

基于HOG3D描述器与稀疏编码的异常行为检测方法

提出了一种基于稀疏编码理论的视频异常行为检测方法,并使用HOG3D空-时描述器表征视频序列的形态及运动信息。首先,从正常视频序列中提取空-时兴趣点,获得其特征向量作为训练样本。通过K-SVD字典训练算法构建过完备字典,使得正常样本在所构建字典上的表达具有很好的稀疏性。在稀疏编码过程中,按视频段读取测试视频序列,求解特征信息在字典上的关于其稀疏系数的凸优化问题,然后根据稀疏编码改进公式求得重构误差数值。最后的判断阶段,计算视频段的相对重构误差,相对重构误差为正表明为异常视频段,否则为正常视频段。在UMN数据库3个场景及Weizmann数据库上进行实验,验证了本文算法的有效性。将实验拓展到现实监控视频中,结果表明本文方法在实践中同样具有较好的应用价值。     

改进的鉴别稀疏保持投影人脸识别算法

为了解决判别稀疏邻域保持嵌入(DSNPE)算法中时间复杂度偏高的问题,构造了一种新类间离散度.用各类样本的平均向量组成过完备字典去重构表达每一类的平均向量,然后通过最大间距准则(MMC)构造新的目标函数,更好地展现人脸样本数据库类间的差异,增强了类间判别力和鲁棒性,简化了字典和字典表达,降低算法复杂度.实验结果表明:改进后的算法在保持识别率优势的前提下,极大地减少了识别时间.     

基于判别字典学习的线性子空间人脸识别算法

提出判别字典学习来获取线性子空间方法,以减弱光照等噪声对子空间人脸特征提取的影响,从而在保证稀疏系数的局部结构性同时保持字典的判别性.首先,训练与语意相关的结构字典,并在破坏非同类语意样本间局部结构稀疏性的同时,增强同类语意样本间局部结构的稀疏性;其次,利用最大间隔准则(MMC)在重构后稀疏易分的语意子空间对样本进行特征提取,不仅可以避免小样本问题还可以在重构后的语意空间中提取抗噪声干扰的特征.在Yale库、AR库和Yale B库数据集上的试验结果表明:与现有算法相比,该算法有更优的性能,能更高效地提取不受噪声干扰的易分类人脸语意特征.     

通过CWLS-DL优化St-OMP算法的盲信号重构

针对稀疏成分分析理论的"两步法"中的源信号重构算法改进,提出一种由相关性加权最小二乘字典学习法与分段正交匹配追踪算法组合的算法,能够解决带权重信号误差的F-范数最小化问题,并通过增加单次迭代的原子数改变算法复杂度。将此组合算法用于语音信号的盲源分离仿真实验,完成源信号重构。实验结果表明,用该组合算法重构的信号,能在保证提高重构精度的同时,与算法复杂度存在良好的折中。无噪声环境下该组合算法的性能为最佳,有噪声环境下可达到信号重构要求的最小信噪比约为17～18 dB。     

基于稀疏编码投影特征的布匹瑕疵检测

为了改善传统算法通用性不强、计算量较大的缺点,提出了基于稀疏编码投影特征的布匹瑕疵检测算法。采用稀疏编码来训练得到特征提取的过完全字典,使得不同种类布匹纹理的特征选取具有充分的灵活性。利用布匹图像在字典上的投影代替稀疏表达作为特征,提高了特征的鲁棒性,有效地减小了算法的计算量和时间复杂度。最后,根据待检测图像块特征和标准之间的距离,得出检测结果。对德国TILDA样本库的实验结果表明,该方法得到的特征更加的稳健,对不同种类布匹的适应能力更强,检测时间更短,对比其他算法的检测率也有明显优势。     

基于特征参数稀疏表示的SAR图像目标识别

通过对合成孔径雷达（synthetic aperture radar,SAR）图像的统计特性分析,提出一种基于特征参数稀疏表示的SAR图像目标识别算法,有效地解决了图像域稀疏表示识别算法存在的高维问题。由低维高精度的广义二维主分量特征构成过完备字典,基于Fisher线性判别准则对该字典进行学习优化,使得类内更紧凑,类间更分开,同时降低了稀疏求解的复杂度。求解测试样本在优化字典下的稀疏表示系数,根据系数矢量的能量特征完成分类识别。MSTAR（moving and stationany target acquisition and recognition）实测SAR图像数据实验的结果表明,该方法稀疏求解复杂度低,并且只需简单的SAR图像预处理即可有效地提高识别的准确率和速度     

基于3D-OMP算法的SAR动目标成像方法

针对稀疏场景下的SAR动目标成像问题展开研究，提出一种基于三维正交匹配追踪(3D-OMP)算法的稀疏成像方法。首先对成像区域进行网格划分，然后以运动目标的二维速度作为动态参数构建三维稀疏字典矩阵，即参数化稀疏表征。在算法迭代过程中，通过计算回波数据矩阵与三维稀疏字典矩阵各层之间的相关度筛选出信号的支撑集。最后利用最小二乘准则，计算出支撑集下目标场景的稀疏表征系数。该3D-OMP算法是经典OMP算法的改进与拓展，因此继承了OMP算法计算复杂度低、信号稀疏特征增强明显的优势，同时具备了重构SAR动目标图像的能力。仿真实验结果验证了该SAR动目标成像方法的有效性。     

基于双稀疏字典的轴承故障特征提取

为了改善传统稀疏表示方法故障特征提取精度低的问题，本文提出基于离散余弦（DCT）字典和Laplace小波字典组合方法用于提取轴承故障特征.首先应用离散余弦字典提取谐波信号，以减少谐波信号的干扰；接下来应用Laplace小波字典提取轴承故障冲击进一步减少噪声干扰；引用二次分解正交匹配追踪算法（SS-OMP）求解稀疏系数；重构故障信号并进行包络谱分析，最终提取故障特征.实验结果表明本文方法与单一Laplace小波字典方法和快速谱峭度方法（SK）相比，故障特征提取精度得到了提高，且重构信号的相关系数达到了0.923.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the