垂直井中旋转钻柱受拉段分岔研究

在以往对钻柱稳定性的研究中 ,人们对受压段钻柱的稳定性问题给予了足够的重视 ,而对受拉段钻柱稳定性的研究则明显不足。钻柱属于细长柔性杆件 ,大部分钻柱在工作时处于受拉状态。在旋转钻井作业中 ,当钻柱较长且转速与拉力存在某种关系时 ,钻柱受拉段也会发生屈曲变形。考虑到垂直井中钻柱受拉段在旋转时的转动效应 ,建立了顶部悬挂、受分布浮重作用的旋转细长钻柱的分岔微分方程。通过对方程的数值求解 ,得到了相应的分岔值曲线。利用该计算模型可以模拟石油钻井工程中旋转细长钻柱受拉段的工作状态 ,所得结果对钻井作业具有一定的指导意义。     

基于机械系统动力学自动分析水平井钻柱一井壁接触仿真分析水平井钻柱一井壁接触仿真分析

钻柱在高曲率、长水平段的水平井中与井壁接触状态十分复杂,接触状态又直接影响钻进过程中钻柱的摩阻扭矩,进而影响井的延伸极限。因而,较准确、全面描述全井钻柱系统与井壁的接触状态是保证钻柱摩阻扭矩分析结果可靠的前提。基于ADAMS软件,结合力平衡理论、Hertz接触理论和相似原理,建立了与真实测试试验装置具有一致钻井参数的水平井全井钻柱-井壁动态非线性接触模型,分析了全井钻柱接触力分布情况,研究了起钻速度、下钻速度、钻压和转速对接触的影响规律。结果表明：接触力峰值出现在弯曲段;起、下钻速度均对弯曲段钻柱接触状态影响明显,速度相同时起钻比下钻时接触力大;增加钻压可减小全井钻柱的平均接触力;钻柱旋转会在水平段中前部出现小幅密集接触。仿真结果为钻柱摩阻扭矩测试试验装置提供了合适的钻柱与井壁的接触力测量位置,便于利用该装置开展钻柱摩阻扭矩等相关研究。     

推靠式旋转导向系统底部钻具组合动态安全评价方法

推靠式旋转导向钻进时巴掌对井壁的间歇性推靠致使钻柱处于非线性阻尼激励的复杂工作状态,剧烈的振动易引发钻柱的疲劳失效。建立考虑巴掌与井壁的接触碰撞及动态激励的底部钻具组合动应力计算模型,分析钻柱转速对钻柱动应力和钻头侧向力的影响。结果表明:钻井过程中底部钻具组合动应力和钻头侧向力处于剧烈波动状态,尤其在临界转速下运动的钻柱将产生剧烈的振动及较高水平的动应力,导致钻柱出现疲劳破坏;通过调节钻柱转速至两阶相邻转速中间值,可显著降低钻柱的振动加速度。现场试验验证了通过调节钻柱转速提高底部钻具组合动态安全的可行性,为推靠式旋转导向及同类工具安全钻进参数的优化设计提供了依据。     

基于多参数轴流压缩系统的非线性流动性分析

为了探索轴流压缩系统的流动机理,定性分析了多参数轴流压缩系统的非线性流动行为.基于多参数轴流压缩系统Moore-Greitzer简化模型,应用非线性动力学理论,分析了轴对称流动时的平衡点稳定性和Hopf分岔行为,以及旋转失速流动时的平衡点稳定性和分岔行为.由此,在γ-β参数空间中划分了轴对称流动、旋转失速流动时轴流压缩系统稳定、不稳定流动区域分布图.结果表明:非线性动力学的稳定性分析方法可以简便地分析分岔参数作用下平衡点稳定性的变化情况;分岔分析方法可以准确地判断轴流压缩系统中过失速流动行为的起始时机;γ-β参数空间的压缩系统流动状态图可以定性地判断轴流压缩系统流动状态.     

电磁力作用下细长压杆的稳定性及其分岔

应用Lagrange描述法建立了两端铰支受电磁力和机械载荷共同作用的受压细长杆的非线性动力学模型,并通过对这种模型进行简化得到了线性动力学模型,利用谱截断法讨论了该细长压杆的稳定性和分岔条件.     

钻柱旋转对大斜度井岩屑运移的影响研究

大斜度井中岩屑能否有效地运移对安全钻井至关重要.在国内外学者对大斜度井岩屑运移问题研究的基础上,考虑了钻柱旋转对其影响.钻柱旋转产生螺旋流,在螺旋流场中建立空间三维坐标,对岩屑颗粒进行受力分析,建立了力学平衡方程,进而求出临界环空返速,在此基础上可以计算最小携岩排量.通过研究可知,钻柱旋转对岩屑运移起到了有效作用,工程实践中,计算最小携岩排量时应考虑钻柱旋转的影响.     

钻柱失稳的准螺旋模型研究

建立了钻柱失稳的准螺旋模型,并用能量法推导出水平段和弯曲段钻柱的准螺旋失稳临界屈曲载荷,给出了水平段钻柱失稳后的摩阻力计算公式。计算结果表明,钻柱的准螺旋失稳临界载荷小于其完全螺旋失稳临界载荷。弯曲段井壁的约束增大了该段钻柱的刚度,因此,弯曲段钻柱的临界失稳载荷大于水平段的相应载荷值。室内模拟实验研究表明,准螺旋模型计算值与实验值较为接近,计算结果可供实际钻井作业参考。     

造斜段弯曲钻柱非线性动力学分析与仿真

为确定定向井弯曲钻柱的钻进状态,以造斜井段中初弯曲钻柱为研究对象建立系统非线性力学模型,构造动态接触模型,探究接触状态,并对动力学模型进行迭代求解,得到仿真过程动态响应,考察钻柱不同位置处静动态特性差异,并与直井钻柱对比分析.结果表明:弯曲钻柱两侧工作于高应力状态,随曲率半径增大钻柱应力幅值、挠曲变形单调增加;下部交变作用较明显,其接触状态由碰撞变为摩擦,动态特性与直井相似,中上部钻进状态平稳,弯曲状态对其屈曲变形有抑制作用;随载荷的增加钻柱呈螺旋钻进状态,屈曲失稳将由下部产生并向上扩展.     

钻柱失稳的准螺旋模型研究

建立了钻柱失稳的准螺旋模型,并用能量法推导出水平段和弯曲钻柱的准螺旋体失稳临界曲载荷,给出了水平段钻柱失稳的摩阻力计算公式,计算结果表明,钻柱的准螺旋失稳临界载荷下小于共它完全螺旋失稳临界载荷,弯曲段井壁的约束增大了该段钻柱的刚度,因此,弯曲段钻柱的临界失稳载荷大于水平段的相应载荷值。室内模拟实验研究表明,准螺旋模型计算值与实验值较为接近,计算结果可供实际钻井作业参考。     

水轮的混沌现象分析及数值仿真

通过混沌理论分析和数值仿真方法,解释了水轮的混沌旋转现象。研究了旋转水轮对应的类洛伦兹系统的3个平衡点及其局部稳定性,讨论了该混沌系统的全局稳定性及系统耗散性和吸引子的存在性。运用Matlab数学软件对系统的动力学行为进行仿真分析,从分岔图、吸引子、庞加莱截面、返回映射、Lyapnov指数等指标分析该系统混沌的存在性。分析和数值仿真结果表明:当p大于0小于1时,系统存在一个稳定的平衡点;当p大于1小于1.058 45时,系统分岔出2个稳定结点;当p大于1.058 45小于15时,稳定结点变为稳定焦点;当p大于15时,系统进入混沌状态。从而分析和解释了水轮从静止到均匀旋转、周期型反转及混沌旋转等一系列现象。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-