乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)单克隆抗体的制备及初步应用

目的制备乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)单克隆抗体,应用于猪源性生物制品中JEV的检测。方法提纯病毒抗原,免疫BALB/c小鼠,取脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,经间接ELISA方法筛选和有限稀释法三次克隆获得4株杂交瘤细胞,并应用琼脂扩散、酶联免疫吸附试验和免疫荧光方法进行抗体鉴定和样品检测。结果获得4株稳定分泌JEV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株G10、F4、C10、A5,免疫荧光抗体实验证实是特异的抗JEV抗体,其免疫球蛋白亚类G10和F4为IgG1,A5为IgM,C10未鉴定出其亚类。G10和F4腹水效价为105以上,C10和A5腹水效价为102以上。结论成功制备了抗JEV单克隆抗体,建立了以单抗介导的间接ELISA和间接IFA检测方法,并应用于猪源性生物制品中JEV的检测。     

红螯螯虾的摄食行为及饵料选择性

对红螯螯虾的摄食行为进行了观察,并比较了红螯螯虾对几种饵料的选择性。结果表明,红螯螯虾的摄食过程可分为寻食、取食和清洗3个阶段。对单只红螯螯虾的摄食行为观察结果显示,投喂鱼肉、玉米、胡萝卜和配合饲料4种饵料时,红螯螯虾首次选择的饲料比率最高的为鱼肉,其次为玉米、胡萝卜,未选择配合饲料。对每次1 h的摄食过程的分析结果表明,红螯螯虾对玉米的摄食次数最多,且摄食时间最长,其次为鱼肉、胡萝卜,最后为配合饲料。小群体摄食观察结果表明,红螯螯虾会通过打斗获取优先摄食的机会,当每只红螯螯虾有机会同时摄取食物而不相遇时,未发现红螯螯虾因摄食而出现打斗行为。体重90 g左右的红螯螯虾对玉米颗粒粒径的偏好性强弱依次为2.5 mm、5 mm、1.5 mm和10 mm。投喂浸泡处理过的玉米,红螯螯虾的摄食速度提高。在鱼肉、玉米、胡萝卜和配合饲料4种饵料中,当同时投喂2种等量的饵料时,红螯螯虾对鱼肉的摄食速度最快,其次是玉米和配合饲料,对胡萝卜的摄食速度最慢。研究结果提示:在研制专用配合饲料时,必须考虑诱食性物质;在养殖过程中,可在饲料中添加诱食剂,以便红螯螯虾能尽快发现饲料,促进摄食;在喂养时,饵料宜分散投放。     

检测克氏原螯虾白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)的巢式PCR方法的建立与初步应用

根据GenBank中已发表的3株WSSV的VP28基因序列,设计了4条特异性引物．通过筛选最佳反应条件和试剂工作浓度,建立了检测克氏原螯虾WSSV的巢式PCR方法．该方法第一轮扩增的敏感性是36ng,第二轮扩增的敏感性是36Pg．在对9份克氏原螯虾临床病料的巢式PCR检测中,用引物W1和W2做第一轮扩增,未检测到阳性病例;用引物S1和S2做第二轮扩增,检测到一例WSSV阳性病例．以上结果表明：对于检测克氏原螯虾WSSV,巢式PCR较一步PCR具有更高的检测灵敏度和应用前景．     

红螯螯虾的病害及其防治技术

］红螯螯虾（Cherax quadricarinatus)自20世纪90年代引进中国,已在中国多个省份养殖成功,成为中国的新兴淡水养殖种类,近年发展迅速。随着养殖规模的扩大和养殖密度的不断提高,病害问题逐渐显现。红螯螯虾的疾病主要由病原引起,营养缺乏和水质不良也会引起疾病。已报道的红螯螯虾的病原生物包括病毒、细菌、真菌、立克次氏体、原生动物和后生动物等。红螯螯虾对许多病原敏感,但尚未发现广泛传播的流行性疾病。对红螯螯虾病害的种类、危害和防治方法进行了较系统的介绍,可为红螯螯虾的养殖提供参考。     

个体大小和性别及底质对红螯螯虾打斗行为的影响

红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)个体间打斗行为是影响养殖效益的重要因素。通过摄像记录,观察并分析了红螯螯虾不同个体大小、性别的打斗行为差异,以及不同环境底质和遮避物对其打斗行为的影响。结果显示:1)不同规格红螯螯虾的打斗行为特征存在差异,小规格螯虾(（0.11±0.01) g）比较保守温和,中等规格螯虾(（8.84±1.35) g）打斗行为最激烈,而大规格螯虾（(54.32±2.99) g）打斗强度大但发起打斗更为谨慎。2)对于大规格螯虾,雄性组的打斗次数和打斗时间极显著(P＜0.01)多于雌性组和异性组,而打斗强度、躲避次数和威胁次数在三个不同性别组之间均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。对于中小规格螯虾,打斗强度、打斗次数、打斗持续时间、躲避次数和威胁次数等打斗参数在三个不同性别组之间均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。3）在三种规格螯虾的异性组中,雄虾的打斗发起次数和打斗获胜次数均显著高于雌虾(P＜0.05),显示雄性较雌性好斗,且易获胜。4)在环境中添加PVC管、鹅卵石、沙、束状筛网等底质或遮避物后,红螯螯虾的打斗次数显著减少(P＜0.05)。结果表明,红螯螯虾个体长大后,雄性个体之间相遇更易引发争斗,且雄性表现出比雌性更好斗、更易取胜。建议在红螯螯虾不同养殖阶段,在养殖池中添加PVC管等各种遮避物或铺设不同底质来提高环境复杂度,以减少螯虾的打斗行为,增加养殖效益。     

改进双抗夹心ELISA用于筛选单抗杂交瘤细胞株

本文利用改进双抗夹心ELISA筛选一种可测定血清样品中与血浆蛋白结合的蛋白质药物的单抗。用兔抗K102多抗经亲和层析纯化并包被后,加入用10%猴血浆PBS还原后的抗原K102,再加入杂交瘤细胞株上清液和HRP-羊抗鼠IgG、底物反应液筛选阳性单抗杂交瘤细胞株。结果用改进后的双抗夹心ELISA筛成功地选出6株能稳定分泌针对K102的单抗杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为1C9、2D7、3E2、5F4、5F6、6B9;细胞株产生的单抗用ELISA法能检测出血清样品中的K102的浓度。提示改进的双抗夹心ELISA可用于针对与血浆蛋白结合的蛋白质药物的单抗杂交瘤细胞株的筛选。     

环氧合酶-2单克隆抗体的制备和初步应用

以合成肽COX-2-KLH为完全抗原免疫BALB/c 小鼠,通过脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0融合的杂交瘤技术,筛选获得4株(1E10、3D6、5B11、6G4)稳定分泌抗COX-2单克隆抗体(McAb)的杂交瘤细胞株.采用ELISA的方法鉴定McAb效价、亚型及特异性.各株McAb均属IgG1 亚型,其中1E10腹水纯化后MCAb效价在1∶107以上,SDS-PAGE电泳为单一条带,与同源异构体蛋白不发生交叉反应.获得的McAb被成功应用于COX-2生物学研究中的免疫组织化学(IHC)和Western Blot试验中.本研究获得的单抗具有特异、高效的特点,为COX-2生物学相关研究提供理论依据.     

小麦GLB1蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

以小麦主要过敏原Glb-1蛋白为免疫原免疫BALB/c小鼠,取免疫小鼠脾细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤NS-1细胞融合。采用细胞融合和有限稀释法相结合的方法快速筛选获得稳定分泌的特异性杂交瘤细胞株,用杂交瘤细胞株诱生小鼠腹水并用蛋白A亲和层析法纯化抗体后检测。采用间接ELISA法鉴定该单克隆抗体的IgG亚型;通过间接ELISA鉴定该单克隆抗体的特性和交叉性。利用双单抗夹心ELISA法检测单抗的抗原表位特异性。结果表明:共获得4株可稳定分泌小鼠抗小麦主要过敏原Glb-1蛋白的单克隆抗体,分别命名为1C4、4H5、1A9、4F5,经检测其Ig亚型均为IgG1,且4株单抗效价均在10-9以上。ELISA结果分析表明该4株单抗均能特异性识别小麦主要过敏原Glb-1蛋白且和其他常见食物无交叉反应性。将4株单抗两两配对进行ELISA实验,结果发现1C4与4H5可能有不同的抗原表位,以此建立的双抗夹心ELISA系统可以检测小麦Glb1-G3蛋白。实验成功制备了鼠抗小麦主要过敏原Glb-1蛋白抗原的单克隆抗体,并且建立了双单抗夹心ELISA检测系统,为小麦主要过敏原蛋白的检测奠定了基础。     

基因工程人表皮生长因子（rhEGF）单克隆抗体的制备与初步鉴定

以基因工程人表皮生长因子(rhEGF)为抗原,免疫BALB/c小鼠,将免疫的小鼠脾细胞与小鼠Sp2/0-Ag14骨髓瘤细胞进行融合,经多次筛选和再克隆化,获得3株能稳定分泌抗rhEGF单克隆抗体(McAbs)的杂交瘤细胞株.对该3株杂交瘤细胞小鼠腹水进行了抗体效价测定,结果显示在1×10-6～2×10-7之间.对上述3种杂交瘤单抗(分别命名为:AE-2A4,AE-2G5和AE-3E11)进行了特异性、抗原决定簇及相对亲和力测定.结果表明,它们都具有抗rhEGF高特异性;并分别抗两个不同抗原决定簇;相对亲和力大小次序为:AE-3E11>AE-2A4>AE-2G5.Ig亚类鉴定结果显示:AE-2A4,AE-3E11同为IgG1亚类,而AE-2G5为IgG2b亚类.确定AE-2A4单克隆抗体可用于制备高纯rhEGF.     

红螯光壳螯虾Hsp70基因的特征及其在热应激下的表达

从NCBI数据库中获得红螯光壳螯虾CqHsp70的cDNA全长2231 bp,可编码643个氨基酸,其中4—598aa为HSP70结构域。实时定量PCR结果表明,CqHsp70基因在红螯光壳螯虾的鳃、肝胰腺、血液中均有表达。在高温（34 ℃）应激过程中,红螯光壳螯虾CqHsp70基因在三个组织中的表达量呈先升高后降低的模式,在12 h时表达量最高,与对照组存在显著性差异。这一结果说明高温应激后的12 h是红螯光壳螯虾调控热应激的关键点,在夏天高温季节的养殖过程中应特别加以注意。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to