天文用阻挡杂质带红外探测器

低温目标红外辐射的灵敏探测和成像在航天和深空探测中具有重要的应用价值.300 K以下低温目标的辐射强度很弱,辐射特征波长位于中远红外区.阻挡杂质带红外探测器是中远红外探测器中重要的一员,具有覆盖波段宽、灵敏度高、暗电流低、抗辐射性能高等优点,能够胜任空间技术和天文探测在中远红外波段探测的苛刻要求.本文以红外天文探测对红外探测器的应用需求作为出发点,主要就国内外红外天文学、红外天文探测器发展概况,阻挡杂质带红外探测器发展历史及其材料、器件结构等方面做了简要综述,并简明扼要地介绍了阻挡杂质带探测器的器件物理模型.     

硅基阻挡杂质带红外探测材料与器件研究进展

红外探测在天文物理研究领域具有极其重要的应用前景,由于天文深空探测对象的特殊性,对红外探测器的性能要求十分苛刻.阻挡杂质带(BIB)红外探测器,因其具有响应波段宽、噪声低、灵敏度高以及抗辐射性能好等优点,在过去30年中发展成为国际上天文领域首选的红外探测器.BIB红外探测器的探测波长覆盖中红外到远红外波段,它的推广应用促进人类在天文深空探测领域取得了一系列重大的科学成果.我国在BIB红外探测器的研究起步较晚,近年来也取得了较大进展,但是与国际领先水平相比尚有较大差距.本文主要回顾、评述了过去5年多我国在BIB红外探测器领域的研究进展,对BIB红外探测材料及其相应BIB器件的制备工艺、物性表征和光电响应特性,以及表面等离激元对器件光电响应的调控等做了详尽介绍,为我国BIB红外探测器的发展提供参考和实验依据.     

空间大视场多波段激光告警技术研究

战场上激光武器的使用,使卫星受到攻击的概率增大,为此必须研究提供星载激光告警设备。传统激光告警系统功能单一。现采用四象限探测器作为概率告警系统,引导焦平面探测器进行精确方位探测,组成新型激光告警系统,它具有多波段、探测阈值高、视场大、测角精度高的特点。对于激光告警系统的设计进行了详尽阐述,通过对实验结果的分析,提出了改进方案．     

天基红外系统的干扰策略

天基红外系统（SBIRS）是一种监视、发现和跟踪敌方弹道导弹,进行早期报警的遥感类侦察卫星系统,其不仅具有导弹预警功能,还可从主动段、中段到再入段对导弹进行跟踪,并提供精确数据给反导弹打击系统实施打击。本文介绍了天基红外系统并简要的分析了其工作过程,对天基红外系统GPS应用设备干扰的可行性进行分析。     

基于三氧化钼和m-MTDATA超晶格的有机红外光敏场效应管

1 000 nm以上红外波段在光纤通信等方面具有重要的应用,而能够在此波段响应的有机红外光敏材料数量较少,限制了有机光探测器在近红外的应用.有机光敏场效应管(OPT)集光信号的探测与放大为一体具有高的灵敏度和低的噪声.利用三氧化钼(MoO_3)和有机小分子4,4′,4″-三(N-3-甲基苯基-N-苯基氨基)三苯胺(m-MTDATA)交替热蒸发沉积形成了一种在900～1 300 nm红外波段有显著增色效应的电荷转移复合物薄膜.采用该薄膜搭配高迁移率的并五苯沟道层制备的近红外OPT具有场效应光探测性能.对器件工作的物理机制进行了阐述.这种新型有机-无机超晶格红外光敏材料可以为有机红外探测器的研究开发提供新的选择.     

红外双波段探测技术的研究

对红外双色探测技术中的红外辐射，激光测距，大气能见度等几个重要问题进行好研究和分析，采用双叠层探测器设计的以双波段红外辐射探测系统，能在测量辐射量的同时，实时修正环境，大气影响。     

PC型HgCdTe探测器对波段内外激光辐照的影响和吸收机制

分别用连续波1.319μm激光和10.6μm激光辐照P C型HgCdTe红外探测器时,得到了探测器输出的一系列实验结果。给出了在波长为1.319μm的波段内激光辐照下P C型HgCdTe探测器的饱和阈值;用波长为10.6μm的波段外CO2激光辐照探测器时,发现了一些与波段内激光辐照探测器时大不相同的实验现象;对实验结果进行了分析。简要总结了P C型HgCdTe探测器对于波段内和波段外激光辐照的响应机制和吸收机制。     

浅谈大空间火灾探测技术

针对大空间火灾探测设计所面临的问题,分析了大空间火灾探测的特点,介绍了光截面火灾探测器和双波段图像型火灾探测器的工作原理和技术特点,并对其在大空间建筑中的选型、应用及布防进行了探讨。     

2011-22 科技新闻媒体关注指数排行榜

 目标探测是人类认识客观世界的重要手段,从宏观世界的宇宙天体到微观世界的分子原子,都需要借助观测设备进行分析研究,一定程度上,探测水平决定着研究水平。雷达作为最重要的探测器之一,无论是在战场监视、精确打击等军事领域,还是载人航天、探月工程、空中交通管制、对地观测等民用领域中都发挥着重要的作用。雷达起源于无线电探测与测距(Radio Detecting and Ranging,RADAR),自问世之初,主要担负远距离探测的任务,起着望远镜的作用;随着技术的进步及需求的提高,除能够远距离探测外,还需具备对目标的结构、尺寸、运动等细节的测量能力,即承担显微镜的作用。目前,雷达的发展趋势是作用距离越来越远、测量精度越来越高,如美国导弹防御系统最新部署的海基X波段雷达能够对3000km以外的目标实现cm量级的测距和测速,星载的合成孔径雷达对地面目标观测成像的分辨率可达到分米量级。     

新型低维结构锑化物红外探测器的研究与挑战

红外光电探测器已经历了半个多世纪的发展,先后出现了机械扫描式单元及线列探测器和凝视型红外焦平面探测器两代探测器技术,并形成了一个庞大的红外探测器器件家族.近年来人们逐渐提出了以高探测率、大面阵、低成本、多光谱为技术特点的第三代红外探测器概念.锑化物红外探测材料以其具备的优越光电性能:量子效率高,暗电流小,微带带隙可调,均匀性高、成本低等,成为第三代红外焦平面探测器的最优选材料.本文回顾了近年来国内外第三代红外探测器材料与器件的研究发展历程,重点阐明了锑化物II类超晶格红外探测材料在技术上的优势及其国内外发展现状.通过分析个多个重点研究机构的技术发展历程,阐明了锑化物材料与器件研究的发展趋势,面临的挑战以及今后数年内该领域的研究重点.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the