含氟聚合物辐射气相接枝反应研究：Ⅰ.ESR研究PTFE预辐照…

以聚四氟乙烯为对象，在γ射线作用下，进行预辐照接枝气相丙烯酸反应。通过红外光谱表征，确认发生了含氟聚合物０气相有机单体的接枝共聚。用电子自旋共振方法，研究了ＰＴＦＥ在γ射线真空辐照作用下产生自由基浓度及特征，并用Ｘ－射线衍射仪测试了预辐照膜的结晶度变化关系，初步探讨了含氟聚合物－有机单体的辐射气相接枝引发机制，其反应条件对接枝率的影响进行了解释。     

含氟聚合物辐射气相接枝研究：ⅡPTFE辐射气相接枝共聚物…

用扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）和偏光显微镜（ＰＯＭ）研究了聚四氟乙烯（ＰＴＦＥ）辐射接枝气相丙烯酸（ＡＡ）共聚物膜的表面和断面结构，并分析了膜厚与接枝率的关系，以确证ＰＴＦＥ辐照接枝气相ＡＡ的反应为扩散控制反应。还进一步测试了ＰＴＦＥ－ｇ－ＡＡ膜的亲水性和粘接性能，探寻改性ＰＴＦＥ膜的应用前景。     

含氟聚合物辐射气相接枝研究Ⅱ.PTFE辐射气相接枝共聚物结构表征和性能测试

用扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）和偏光显微镜（ＰＯＭ）研究了聚四氟乙烯（ＰＴＦＥ）辐射接枝气相丙烯酸（ＡＡ）共聚物膜的表面和断面结构，并分析了膜厚与接枝率的关系，以确证ＰＴＦＥ辐照接枝气相ＡＡ的反应为扩散控制反应．还进一步测试了ＰＴＦＥｇＡＡ膜的亲水性和粘接性能，探寻改性ＰＴＦＥ膜的应用前景     

电子束预辐照接枝反应研究（Ⅱ）──维尼纶纤维接枝丙烯酸

研究了电子束预辐照维尼纶纤维接枝丙烯酸，考察了预辐照剂量、反应时间、单体的质量分数、反应温度和摩尔盐对接枝反应的影响，以及接技后纤维力学性能的变化，并对电子束预辐照接枝反应机理进行了初步探讨。     

阻燃聚合物接枝率表征的新方法

目的 用一种表征聚合物表面接枝率的新方法研究聚合物阻燃性能与接枝率之间的关系。方法 以丙烯腈－丁二烯－苯乙烯共聚物（ＡＢＳ）作为研究对象,利用电子束预辐照方法在不同条件下进行接枝,以基材单位面积上接枝单体的量来表征接枝率,对质量法和面积法表征接枝率进行比较,对其极限氧指数进行测定,并研究它们之间的关系。     

γ辐照对聚合物电导性能的影响

研究了几种聚合物材料（ＰＰ，ＰＴＦＥ，ＰＥＴ，ＰＩ）经过γ辐照后，电流－电压特性的变化；从辐照对材料结构的影响，探讨了辐照后材料的电导机理及空间电荷对於辐照后材料电性的影响，并由电导变化分析了材料耐辐照的稳定性     

α辐照对聚合物电导性能的影响

研究了几种聚合物材料（ＰＰ，ＰＴＦＥ，ＰＥＴ，ＰＩ）经过γ辐照后，电流－电压特性的变化；从辐照对材料结构的影响，探讨了辐照后的电导机理及空间电荷对於辐照后材料电性的影响，并由电导变化分析了材料耐辐照的稳定性。     

超临界二氧化碳中预辐照聚丙烯接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的研究

甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GMA）具有双基团,在基质表面聚合成链后仍存在环氧基,可作为合成各种功能材料的媒介。本文利用^60Coγ射线对聚丙烯（PP）预辐照,在超临界二氧化碳（SC-CO2）中进行接枝聚合,制备了PP接枝GMA聚合物PP-g-GMA。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、扫描电镜（SEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）、粒度分析、接触角测试等分析方法对接枝产物进行了表征,测定了接枝聚合物表面的环氧基含量,考察了辐照自由基存放时间对接枝的影响。FT-IR、DSC、SEM、AFM、粒度分析表明接枝物为PP-g-GMA共聚物,接枝链覆盖在PP表面,接枝后PP聚合物熔融焓明显减少;接触角测试分析表明接枝产物亲水性得到改善;接枝聚合物表面富含环氧基,为4.01 mmol/g;实验结果表明：随着存放时间的延长,辐照产生的陷落自由基向烷基过氧化氢及烷基过氧化物转化,可有效控制均聚物的生成。     

HDPE固相接枝丙烯酸的研究

以过氧化苯甲酰（ＢＰＯ）为引发剂、二甲苯为界面剂，研究丙烯酸（ＡＡ）在粉料高密度聚乙烯（ＨＤＰＥ）上的固相接枝反应．红外光谱证实了该接枝反应。Ｘ光衍射发现接枝后的ＨＤＰＥ结晶度下降不多，表明接核反应发生在ＨＤＰＥ的无定区域和晶区表面或晶区缺陷上。实验还发现，随着引发剂用量、ＨＤＰＥ颗粒度的增加，反应温度的升高，单体／聚合物比增加，接枝率提高。本研究制得的ＨＤＰＥ—ｇ—ＡＡ，其接枝率可高达１５．９２％。     

C_o~（20）预辐照接校共聚制备PET离子交换纤维的研究

本研究采用Ｃｏ６０－γ射线预辐照方法，探讨ＰＥＴ纤维接枝共聚规律及其产物的离子交换性能、结果表明，辐照总剂量增加，接枝率亦增加。反应温度在３５３Ｋ以上接枝率显著提高。氧气对该反应有明显阻聚作用，ＰＥＴ织物经预处理有利于反应的进行。对产物的静态交换容量、交换速率、动态工作曲线、混合金属离子的竞争吸附及对工业含镍废水的处理进行研究，表明ＰＥＴ离子交换纤维材料的离子交换速率快，交换吸附的最低离子浓度为７．６７×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to