中微子获得质量和电荷的物理根源

解释了中微子获得质量和电荷的物理根源,它是中微子内部亚夸克动力学所导致的结构性效应,中微子点模型不能对此作出解释。     

V~M和V~D中微子可区分性的讨论及其混合的建议

本文讨论了Mojorana型和Dirac型中微子的精确差异及其可区分性,指出近期由其它作者建议在标准模型中区分Dirac和Majorana中微子的方法,在不远的将来是不可能成立的。并提出了一个新的建议:β-衰变中中微子的辐射是占优势的无质量Majorana型中微子和17Kev的重Dirac型中微子。这个建议清楚地解释了β-衰变中由Simpson等人发现的重中微子辐射的证据,所存在的振荡现象也作了扼要的讨论。     

亚夸克模型,轻子型夸克和一种简单的夸克-轻子结构模型

基于最简洁的ｒｉｓｈｏｎ亚夸克模型,讨论了由此可以组成的各种玻色子和费米子。这可以导出轻子型夸克及一些新粒子,进而提出一种简单的夸克－轻子复合结构的动力学模,如此可以不引入色,并与已知的粒子质量关系,衰变道一致,最后,简单探讨了中微子有质量的某些总是春与相对论的关系。     

电子的反常特性

用Dirac大数D、Planck大数A计算了电子的反常质量Δme、反常电荷ΔQe、反常磁矩Δμe,据此算出电子的半径re≈10-16cm与实验很好相符.中微子也有反常,反常量是轻子亚夸克结构动态模型的必然结果.且反常Δme、ΔQe间存在相互关联,满足质-荷联合守恒律,据此亦可定出ΔQe的结果.若把电子视为可压缩性极小的量子液滴,其内的亚夸克在平衡位置附近作谐振动导致了电子等体积表面形变,产生的电、磁对称破缺是出现反常量的根源.电子可视为谐振子系统,可估计出(Δre)/(re)的相对量值非常微小.     

一种可能的轻子与夸克完全对应的[SU(2)_L×U(1)]_(ws)×U(1)_Ⅱ~2模型

文中引进右旋中微子单态,以使轻子与夸克完全对应,而与实验不相矛盾。同时,引入可能的轻子与夸克的第四“代”,以构成四“代”模型。从具有对称性的L出发,讨论了轻子与夸克的质量关系,并予言了上夸克的可能的质量。得出规范玻色子的质量公式及其与费米子的相互作用形式,理论结果包含了Weinberg-Salam模型的结果,保持了中微子无质量等特性。     

中微子混合、振荡参数计算及物理机制分析

粒子物理的标准模型认定中微子静质量mv=0，超神冈实验指出mv≠0，据此用第一代中微子的质量mv,(即“反常质量”)，导出二、三两代中微子的“反常质量”mvμ，mvτ．进而求出中微子混合的重要参数：代际中微子质量平方差(m^2vi-m^2vj达量级之大(i≠j)，卡比玻角θc亦与夸克混合角相近，认为中微子应存在混合和振荡．并对混合和振荡的物理机制作了讨论．     

轻子形变的有效相对线度改变计算

最近实验指出中微子有质量,意味着中微子有结构和振荡,则中微子必有因结构性导致的“反常荷”,轻子的“反常质量”,“反常电荷”是轻子亚夸克动态模型的可观测效应,假定同代轻子“反常质量”近似相等,但随代数而变,把天体-粒子的质量和半径统一计算式中mve,rve,me,re加以“反常质量”修正后推广到二、三两代轻子的情形,算子“反常电荷”,与轻子的亚夸克动态模型给出的“反常电荷”相结合,可得轻子形变的有效相对线度变化值（△r/r)轻子,表明中微子ve,电子e可视为可压缩性极小的量子液滴。     

ε物质、B物质与"编外"粒子

分析了中微子统一模型，新名古屋模型和焦一宫亚夸克模型、preon模型的相互联系，推广了ε物质、B物质的概念。它们实际上是亚夸克模型和preon模型中“编外”玻色子。进而对电子衰变，味荷破坏电荷不变的轻子转换，轻子－夸克对称，超对称以及质子衰变的物理机制给出了自然而合理的解释。     

超新星中夸克相变的u,d夸克质量效应

 分析了超新星中从两味夸克物质到奇异夸克物质相变的u,d夸克质量作用,研究表明,相变平衡后,u,d夸克质量对夸克丰度、温度和中微子总能量的影响不大.在分析相变过程时,u,d夸克的质量可以忽略.进一步表明,夸克味(u,d)不是好的量子相变参量.光子的夸克结构模型也得到了支持.     

夸克与轻子的复合模型

本文提出了一个夸克的亚结构模型,即所有的夸克和轻子均由旋量亚夸克和标量亚夸克复合而成的模型.在这个模型中,中间玻色子和胶子被看作为亚层子的复合态.本文还对一些复合规范场机制进行了讨论.     

光子、暗物质粒子、普朗克粒子与狄拉克大数

讨论了光子、中微子（或暗物质粒子）的静质量，从不同的观点和方法对黑洞质量，核子质量，光子质量，暗物质粒子质量和普朗克粒子质量作了估算，发现它们与狄拉克大数存在某种深层的内在关联。     

粒子弱荷的研究

为了研究有质量的中微子，在理论上引入了粒子（基本费米子、中间玻色子和强子）弱荷的新概念首次报道了弱荷守恒定律，并提出了检验弱荷是否存在的实验方案，根据弱荷的手征性，合理地解释了宇称不守恒的原因，根据弱荷的对称性扩展了标准模型，指出所有的中微子都是有质量的Dirac粒子，但是右手中微子和左手反中微子的弱荷为零，它们不参与弱相互作用，因而称为暗粒子。     

自然界可能存在超光速粒子

实验发现中微子的质量平方是负值。根据这一事实,对比Dirac方程和虚质量的Dirac方程,提出了一个超光速中微子的量子方程。一个虚粒子可以看作是超光速粒子。这个方程的显著特征是,时空反演是对称性的,而空间反演对称性有最大的破坏。     

Designer Dirac fermions and topological phases in molecular graphene

The observation of massless Dirac fermions in monolayer graphene has generated a new area of science and technology seeking to harness charge carriers that behave relativistically within solid-state materials. Both massless and massive Dirac fermions have been studied and proposed in a growing class of Dirac materials that includes bilayer graphene, surface states of topological insulators and iron-based high-temperature superconductors. Because the accessibility of this physics is predicated on the synthesis of new materials, the quest for Dirac quasi-particles has expanded to artificial systems such as lattices comprising ultracold atoms. Here we report the emergence of Dirac fermions in a fully tunable condensed-matter system-molecular graphene-assembled by atomic manipulation of carbon monoxide molecules over a conventional two-dimensional electron system at a copper surface. Using low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy, we embed the symmetries underlying the two-dimensional Dirac equation into electron lattices, and then visualize and shape the resulting ground states. These experiments show the existence within the system of linearly dispersing, massless quasi-particles accompanied by a density of states characteristic of graphene. We then tune the quantum tunnelling between lattice sites locally to adjust the phase accrual of propagating electrons. Spatial texturing of lattice distortions produces atomically sharp p-n and p-n-p junction devices with two-dimensional control of Dirac fermion density and the power to endow Dirac particles with mass. Moreover, we apply scalar and vector potentials locally and globally to engender topologically distinct ground states and, ultimately, embedded gauge fields, wherein Dirac electrons react to 'pseudo' electric and magnetic fields present in their reference frame but absent from the laboratory frame. We demonstrate that Landau levels created by these gauge fields can be taken to the relativistic magnetic quantum limit, which has so far been inaccessible in natural graphene. Molecular graphene provides a versatile means of synthesizing exotic topological electronic phases in condensed matter using tailored nanostructures.     

Creating, moving and merging Dirac points with a Fermi gas in a tunable honeycomb lattice

Dirac points are central to many phenomena in condensed-matter physics, from massless electrons in graphene to the emergence of conducting edge states in topological insulators. At a Dirac point, two energy bands intersect linearly and the electrons behave as relativistic Dirac fermions. In solids, the rigid structure of the material determines the mass and velocity of the electrons, as well as their interactions. A different, highly flexible means of studying condensed-matter phenomena is to create model systems using ultracold atoms trapped in the periodic potential of interfering laser beams. Here we report the creation of Dirac points with adjustable properties in a tunable honeycomb optical lattice. Using momentum-resolved interband transitions, we observe a minimum bandgap inside the Brillouin zone at the positions of the two Dirac points. We exploit the unique tunability of our lattice potential to adjust the effective mass of the Dirac fermions by breaking inversion symmetry. Moreover, changing the lattice anisotropy allows us to change the positions of the Dirac points inside the Brillouin zone. When the anisotropy exceeds a critical limit, the two Dirac points merge and annihilate each other-a situation that has recently attracted considerable theoretical interest but that is extremely challenging to observe in solids. We map out this topological transition in lattice parameter space and find excellent agreement with ab initio calculations. Our results not only pave the way to model materials in which the topology of the band structure is crucial, but also provide an avenue to exploring many-body phases resulting from the interplay of complex lattice geometries with interactions.     

任意空间维倾斜狄拉克费米子的带内纵向光电导的推导

狄拉克费米子是当前凝聚态物理中的研究热点.狄拉克费米子的纵向光电导，因其能够提取能带结构信息而被广泛关注.本文基于低能有效模型与线性响应理论，利用生成函数方法，解析地处理零温下任意空间维、任意倾斜相的狄拉克费米子的带内纵向光电导.特别地，我们讨论了二维和三维空间情况，并揭示了不同维度的倾斜类型对带内纵向光电导的影响.文中发展的生成函数方法有望用于其他相关问题的研究.     

Neutrino mass hierarchy and lepton flavor mixing

In the standard model of particle physics there are three species of neutrinos whose masses were originally assumed to be zero. But the discovery of solar and atmospheric neutrino oscillations indicates that neutrinos are massive and lepton flavors are mixed. In this brief review we first give an overview of our current knowledge about the neutrino mass spectrum and lepton flavor mixing angles, and then comment on the seesaw mechanisms which allow us to understand the origin of tiny neutrino masses. We pay particular attention to the nearly tri-bi-maximal neutrino mixing pattern and the Friedberg-Lee symmetry to derive it. A relatively promising possibility of detecting hot and warm neutrino dark matter in the Universe will also be discussed.     

粒子物理中的超对称、超统一和高维复空间

 在提出超对称变换的某些新表述的基础上,引入了超多重态.由此导出玻色子和费米子的一些形式上统一的公式.这样,一方面两类粒子分别相应于实、虚数,这就联系于相对论;另一方面,超对称的统一形式又联系于统一的统计性和泡利原理的可能破坏.因此,粒子物理的一种新的发展方向可能是高维复空间.     

在电弱能标范围内右手中微子质量模型的研究

粒子物理的标准模型并不是完美的,对大气中微子流和太阳中微子流的测量提供了中微子振荡的证据,证明中微子非简并的质量和混合．研究了Hung模型,并计算了muon衰变的振幅．