具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

2．725K的宇宙空间背景辐射成为空间物质构成电子的证据^[1]

本文科学地将发现宇宙空间2．725K温度的背景辐射同经典物理学有机的衔接起来，并依此推导出电子的质量，由此证明电子是由宇宙空间产生的并同宇宙空间具有相同的组成成分-空间基本单元．同时根据电子经典半径R0、电子康普顿波长五，及电子质量反演出宇宙空间背景辐射温度为2．72147K．     

浅议网络虚拟电工电子实验室的构建

阐述了网络虚拟电工电子实验室的概念及其功能特性,并结合教学实践提出了构建网络虚拟实验室的必要性,介绍了网络虚拟电工电子实验室的系统结构、软件系统的实现方法和技术以及构建网络虚拟实验室的原则及基本要求。     

托卡马克中电子输运分布函数的研究

应用粒子输运的模式来研究Fokker-Planck方程求解电子分布函数的关系,得到了电子输运分布函数与扩散系数以及边缘损失的情况.计算表明:当扩散系数增大时,边缘损失,电子分布剖面都在相应的增大,在离轴加热时,其相应的剖面峰值在减小.     

神经网络用于估算透镜尺寸误差对束斑的影响

将有限差分法与神经网络技术结合起来用于估算电子枪主透镜尺寸误差的存在对屏上电子束束斑的影响。与以往的计算方法相比,该方法可避免许多复杂计算,节省了计算时间,一旦网络训练完毕,在很短的时间内即可估算出电子枪主透镜尺寸误差对屏上电子束束斑的影响,对提高CRT的成品率很有帮助。     

微波击穿中压强对电子弛豫过程的影响

通过联立电子密度和电子能量随时间的演化方程构建全局模型,对不同压强下高功率微波(HPM)脉冲氩气击穿及电子弛豫过程进行了研究。计算了不同压强下的氩气击穿阈值,其与粒子模拟蒙特卡罗碰撞(PIC/MCC)法预测的结果符合得很好。通过引入复合率和扩散率的经验表达式,得到了不同压强下,弛豫过程中电子密度和电子能量随时间的变化。结果表明,氩气击穿发生后,电子密度先经历短暂的增长后逐渐下降,且压强越高,电子密度的最高值越低。在电子弛豫过程中,随着压强的增加,电子密度下降得更慢,而电子能量减小得越快。     

镉对光合器膜系统结构的影响

镉处理烟草叶绿体,引起叶绿体Fecy及DCIP光还原速率减慢,光合电子传递受阻,叶绿素α荧光发射强度降低,叶绿体在长波吸收峰处的峰值下降,随镉处理时间及浓度的增加,叶绿体的光合电子流受抑程度也增加.光合电子传递与光合膜结构完整性是密切相关的,镉抑制光合电子传递也是光合膜结构不断破坏的过程.     

带电粒子在垂直电场和磁场中的闭合轨道及其分叉现象研究

从哈密顿正则方程出发,推导出了带电粒子在相互垂直的电场和磁场中的运动方程,根据运动方程讨论了带电粒子的运动轨迹形成闭合轨道所满足的条件.计算结果表明:随着带电粒子能量的不断增大,带电粒子运动轨迹中闭合轨道的条数不断增多.当能量增加到某一边界能量时,一条新的闭合轨道出现;当能量大于此边界能量时,这条新的闭合轨道发生分叉,由一条分为两条.     

低维电子气的费密能量与温度的关系

在探索新型材料的过程中 ,人们发现金属材料的一系列实验现象不能由三维电子气的费密能量与温度的关系来解释 ,但它们具有明显的低维特征 ,为此 ,该文研究了低维电子气的费密能量与温度之间的关系。研究结果表明 ,在低温情况下 ,低维电子气费密能量随着温度的变化关系与三维电子气是不相同的 ,尤其在一维情况下 ,电子气费密能量的变化量随着温度的变化规律与三维时恰恰相反。     

用电子坐标法确定原子基态

通过对同科电子引入m(?)、mt、系中电子坐标的概念,给出了用坐标法确定原子基态的方法.     

大气压氩气微波等离子体参数的光谱诊断

为了深入了解大气压下氩气微波等离子射流内部电子的状态,利用发射光谱法对大气压下氩气微波等离子体进行了诊断.以玻尔兹曼斜率法对等离子体中电子激发温度进行测算,以斯塔克展宽计算电子密度.研究了等离子体射流方向上不同区域电子激发温度和电子密度的分布规律及微波功率对电子激发温度和电子密度的影响.结果表明,在本实验条件下等离子体射流电子激发温度为4 000～6 000 K,电子数量密度为(2.4～2.8)×1018 cm-3,电子激发温度和电子密度的最大值均出现在距波导管底边20 mm处,并以此处为中心,分别向上下2个方向呈现不完全对称的递减分布,微波功率增加影响等离子体电子密度和电子温度的交替上升.