语言学与结构主义

本文论述了心理学中的结构主义和语言学中的结构主义,结构主义的基本观点,提出了本世纪语言学主流是结构主义语言学的观点,详细说明了结构主义语言学的重大流派,简单分析他们的主要理论,最后,评价了结构主义语言学的成就及其理论上和方法上的缺陷.     

中学英语教学文化意识的渗透——谈人教版中学英语教材中课文《威尼斯商人》的教学

一、英语教学中的文化意识. 语言是文化载体,学习第二外语即学习第二种文化.长期以来,外语教学沿用结构主义语言学理论,淡化了文学意识.英语学习类似建造大厦,词汇是砖,语法是泥,有些人盖起了一幢四四方方的几何建筑,有些人却造出经久不衰的经典建筑,其关键是设计者自身修养和审美意识.文学作品中的审美意识是建筑的脊梁和风骨,是英语教学的灵魂所在.     

论英语情境教学的理论基础

英语情境教学的理论依据来自许多方面,有心理语言学、社会语言学、语言习得研究、课程理论等等.在本文中,笔者择其主要的理论依据,从教育学,心理学和语言学等几个方面理解英语情境教学理念,这样,我们可以从更深的层面去解释英语情境教学的方法,探究情境与英语学习的关系,帮助我们从学习者(学生)的角度思考英语学习途径,反思自己的教学以及思维方式.     

试论"疯狂英语"在中国青少年中广受欢迎的文化根源

李阳及其"疯狂英语"早已为中国大陆的英语学习者耳熟能详,在海外的影响也日益扩大.尽管人们对它的态度褒贬不一,但作为一种新的学习方法,"疯狂英语"的确有其可取之处.本文拟从文化角度来论述"疯狂英语"在中国众多青少年中受欢迎的原因,揭示一些"疯狂英语"的合理内核.     

简述结构主义语言学对外语教学的启示

自瑞士的语言学大师索绪尔的结构主义语言学创立以来,其影响已远远超出语言学领域,它的一套理论方法被其他社会学科所利用。美国结构主义语言学在继承结构主义语言学精髓的同时发展了自己的语言理论,并创造了相应的教学法——听说法,对外语教学产生了深远的影响。     

从阐释学的真理到文本的世界--结构主义走向后结构主义中哲学阐释学的作用

哲学阐释学与后结构主义观点的相似并非只是偶然的殊途同归,实际上,哲学阐释学与作为反人本主义而存在的结构主义在某些程度上有其共同的哲学来源.而在结构主义走向后结构主义之路中,哲学阐释学更起到了异常重大的作用,它为后结构主义的文本理论提供了非语言学性质的哲学依据,使之在某种程度上才拥有了哲学性质.哲学阐释学关于历史性的阐释的循环理论与艺术真理观都对后结构主义的文本理论产生了重要的影响.实际上,后结构主义是利用哲学阐释学才拯救了被结构主义压制与抛弃的读者.     

拉康语言哲学思想述评

拉康的语言哲学具有鲜明的结构主义的特色,但又不完全等同于结构主义语言学,他将语言学与精神分析学结合起来研究,为研究无意识话语提供了新的视角和理论框架。     

拉康的无意识理论与结构主义思潮

拉康受现代语言学的启发创建了他的无意识理论,结构主义思潮的出现也与语言学的影响有关。基于这种同样的认识基础,可以运用拉康的无意识理论反观结构主义思潮及其各个发展阶段的特点。通过这种反观不难看出,拉康无意识的三个级别的划分与结构主义思潮的三个发展阶段的内容有着某种重叠与吻合,从某种意义上说,无意识是结构主义思潮发展的内驱力。因此,对拉康无意识的重新认识可以成为研究结构主义的重要前提,对结构主义的本质认识也必须立足于拓宽对无意识的重新认识上。     

拉康语言哲学思想述评

拉康的语言哲学具有鲜明的结构主义的特色，但又不完全等同于结构主义语言学，他将语言学与精神分析学结合起来研究，为研究无意识话语提供了新的视角和理论框架。     

谈索绪尔对结构主义文论的影响

费尔迪南.德.索绪尔是现代语言学和结构主义的奠基人,他的著作《语言学普通教程》被奉为结构主义的圣经。该著作中提出的三组对立关系,即语言和言语、能指和所指、横组合关系和纵聚合关系,分别启发和影响了列维—斯特劳斯的神话模式研究、罗兰.巴尔特的"文学代码"研究以及罗曼.雅各布森的文学语言诗性功能的研究,从而奠定了结构主义文论的基础。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the