纳米Fe2O3-Al2O3复合材料的制备

采用溶胶-凝胶表面包覆法制备了纳米Fe₂O₃-Al₂ O₃复合材料, 利用X射线衍射和透射电镜对样品的物相、 粒度和形貌进行了研 究. 结果表明, α-Fe₂O₃掺杂降低了Al₂O₃相变温度, 在900 ℃可以得到稳定的α-Al₂O₃相.     

钴掺杂Mn3O4作为模板制备锂离子电池正极LiMn2O4

以水热合成的钴掺杂Mn₃O₄作为模板,通过固相反应制备尖晶石LiMn₂O₄。XRD谱图和SEM照片显示制备的LiMn₂O₄具有岩石状结构并呈现良好的结晶性,同时Co的引入能够引起LiMn₂O₄晶格的收缩。作为锂离子电池正极材料,Co含量的增加能够提高循环稳定性但降低材料放电比容量,3% Co掺杂的LiMn₂O₄在0.5 C的电流密度下,经过100次循环后,剩余放电比容量达101.6 mAh·g^-1;在10 C的电流密度下,放电比容量可维持在81.0 mAh·g^-1,优于未掺杂的LiMn₂O₄。这是由于Co的引入能够稳定LiMn₂O₄晶体结构并抑制循环中的姜-泰勒扭曲。     

纳米Al2O3颗粒对Cu-Al2O3性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米Al₂O₃颗粒,通过粉末冶金法制备氧化铝铜（Cu-Al₂O₃）。采用X射线光电子能谱仪、扫描电子显微镜、洛氏硬度仪和涡流计分别测试了Cu-Al₂O₃的结合能、微观组织、硬度和导电率。结果表明：随Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度先升高后降低,当Al₂O₃颗粒的质量分数达到0.084%时,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度达到最大值75.73（HRB）。Cu-Al₂O₃的导电率随着Al₂O₃颗粒含量的增加逐渐下降。Al₂O₃颗粒的质量分数为0.084%时为最佳值,Cu-Al₂O₃的硬度达到最大值,导电率达到69.1% IACS。     

CuFe2O4纳米粒子增敏Luminol-EDTA化学发光体系研究及应用

基于CuFe_2O_4纳米粒子能显著增强Luminol-EDTA体系的发光,首次建立了Luminol-EDTA-CuFe_2O_4 NPs化学发光新体系。紫外吸收光谱和化学发光光谱表明纳米CuFe_2O_4注入Luminol-EDTA体系后,未生成新发光物质,结合纳米CuFe_2O_4的特性,提出了CuFe_2O_4 NPs参与Luminol-EDTA体系可能的发光机理。研究发现芦丁能抑制Luminol-EDTACuFe_2O_4 NPs体系的化学发光,结合流动注射技术,将此化学发光体系应用于芦丁片中芦丁含量的测定。在优化实验条件下,芦丁浓度在2×10~(-8)~2×10~(-5) mol/L范围内芦丁浓度的对数和相对化学发光值呈线性,芦丁浓度检出限(LOD)为1.21×10~(-9) mol/L。将本方法应用于芦丁片中的芦丁含量测定,回收率为97%~102%,RSD为2.54%(c=1×10~(-7) mol/L,n=11)。     

氨化改性Sr2Ta2O7/SrTa4O11光催化剂用于光电催化性能研究

以钽酸锶同素异质结Sr₂Ta₂O₇/SrTa₄O₁₁（STO）为原始材料,采用高温氨化法对原始材料做氮掺杂改性处理,得到了新型氮掺杂钽酸锶同素异质结材料Sr₂Ta₂O_7-xN_x/SrTa₄O_11-xN_x(STO-N),并对其光电催化性能进行研究。结果显示,对比改性前的STO,STO-N具有更强的可见光吸收能力。紫外可见漫反射光谱证明,氮掺杂使得STO的吸收阈值从319 nm红移到485 nm,相应的带隙由3.97 eV减小到2.51 eV,这主要是由于N 2p和O 2p轨道的混合作用导致价带顶部上移。性能测试结果表明：STO-N₂₀的光电催化性能提升最为显著,在施加0.7 V偏压下,STO-N₂₀电极测得的光电流密度达到了570 nA/cm²,是STO电极的光电流密度（8.6 nA/cm²）的66倍。根据推算出的STO及STO-N₂₀的能带结构可知,STO-N₂₀性能提升的原因是禁带宽度变窄。     

复合氧化物Co3O4/Bi2O3对甲苯的光催化作用

采用微乳法制备复合氧化物Co₃O₄/Bi₂O₃纳米粒子， 用TG-DTA， XRD， XPS和FT-IR对其表征， 以甲苯为气相有机污染物研究Co₃O₄/Bi₂O₃的光催化活性. 结果表明， 微乳法制备的Co₃O₄/Bi₂O₃粒子光催化活性优于纯氧化铋； 活性的提高程度与n(Co) ∶n(Bi)有关， 其最佳配比为0.02 ∶1； 光催化活性随焙烧温度升高而增大, 750 ℃焙烧的样品催化活性最好.     

Effect of La2O3 on microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of Ni-W coatings

In this paper, a Ni-W-La2O3 composite coating was prepared by the electrodeposition method. Microhardness tester and environmental scanning electron microscope equipped energy dispersive spectroscopy were employed to investigate the microhardness and the surface morphology of the composite coatings respectively, and the high temperature friction behavior and corrosion resistance of the coatings against molten glass were investigated by using a high temperature tribometer. The results show that La2O3 can refine the microstructure effectively, and make the element distribution uniform, which leads to the increase of average microhardness. La2O3 particulates can reduce the friction coefficient between the composite coating and glass during the sliding process at about 973 K largely, and the corrosion resistance of the La2O3 added Ni-W coatings is effectively improved compared with that of the non-added one, furthermore the mechanism of friction-reducing and anti-corrosion is also discussed.     

新型中温离子导体复合膜:Sn_(0.94)Sc_(0.06)P_2O_7和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)

采用固相法合成中温离子导体Sn0.94Sc0.06P2O7和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)的复合膜,并进行XRD,SEM及DSCTGA测试表征.用电化学工作站研究了复合膜在75~225℃下的导电特性.SEM分析结果表明复合膜具有良好的微观结构,XRD分析结果表明复合膜已形成了单相的SnP2O7立方相结构.气体气氛对复合膜电导率有显著的影响,σ(dry air)#σ(wet air)#σ(wet H2).该复合膜在湿润H2气氛中150℃下,电导率达到最大值6.5×10-4 S·cm-1.     

Preparation and characterization of LiAlxMn2-xO4 for a supercapacitor in aqueous electrolyte

LiAl_xMn_2—xO₄ (0≤x≤0.5) was synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction. The structure and morphology of LiAl_xMn_2—xO₄ were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicate that all samples show spinel phase. The polyhedral particles turn to club-shaped, then change to small spherical, and finally become agglomerates with increasing Al content. The supercapacitive performances of LiAl_xMn_2—xO₄ were studied by means of galvanostatic charge-discharge, cyclic voltammetry, and alternating current (AC) impedance in 2 mol·L⁻¹ (NH₄)₂SO₄ aqueous solution. The results show that LiAl_xMn_2—xO₄ represents rectangular shape performance in the potential range of 0-1 V. The capacity and cycle performance can be improved by doping Al. The composition of x=0.1 has the maximum special capacitance of 160 F·g⁻¹, which is 1.37 times that of LiMn₂O₄ electrode. The capacitance loss of LiAl_xMn_2—xO₄ with x=0.1 is only about 14% after 100 cycles.     

FeO影响CaO-SiO_2-MgO-Al_2O_3-Cr_2O_3体系中含铬尖晶石晶体析出的热力学分析

不锈钢渣中的铬以尖晶石矿物相状态赋存时不易溶出,有利于钢渣的资源化利用。本文基于熔体非平衡凝固理论,采用热力学数据库FactSage 7.0研究了FeO添加量对CaO-SiO_2-MgO-Al_2O_3-Cr_2O_3不锈钢渣体系中尖晶石晶体析出温度、析出量、化学组成及铬元素赋存状态的影响规律。模拟计算结果表明,尖晶石晶体为高温析出相,主要由MgCr_2O_4和FeCr_2O_4组成;随着FeO添加量不断增多,尖晶石晶体的析出温度逐渐降低,其最终析出量逐渐增加,析出物中FeCr_2O_4所占比例增加而MgCr_2O_4相对减少;铬元素的赋存状态未受FeO添加量变化影响,仍以尖晶石固溶体形式存在。     

Structure and electrochemical properties of LiLaxMn2-xO4 cathode material by the ultrasonic-assisted sol-gel method

Powders of spinel LiLa_xMn_2—xO₄ were successfully synthesized by the ultrasonic-assisted sol-gel (UASG) method. The structure and properties of LiLa_xMn_2—xO₄ were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), galvanostatic charge-discharge test, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). XRD results show that the La³⁺ can partially replace Mn³⁺ in the spinel and the doped materials with La³⁺ have a larger lattice constant compared with pristine LiMn₂O₄. FT-IR indicates that the absorption peak of Mn³⁺−O and Mn⁴⁺− O bonds has a red and blue shift with the increase of doping lanthanum in LiLa_xMn_2—xO₄, respectively. The charge-discharge test exhibits that the initial discharge capacity of LiLa_xMn_2—xO₄ drops off, and the capacity retention increases gradually at C/5 discharge rate with the increase of doping lanthanum, and LiLa_0.01Mn_1.99O₄ has a higher discharge capacity and a better cycling performance at 1C discharge rate. CV reveals that the doping La³⁺ is beneficial to the reversible extraction and intercalation of Li⁺ ions.     

Fe3O4@NiSiO3催化剂制备及其催化芬顿氧化降解染料性能研究

通过溶剂热法和溶胶凝胶法制备Fe₃O₄@NiSiO₃纳米催化剂,并利用TEM、XRD、VSM、BET进行表征。构建非均相芬顿氧化体系,由单因素实验得出在最佳降解条件为, pH值为5.5、催化剂投加量为1.00 g.L_-1、H₂O₂投加量为2.5%时,罗丹明B的降解率达95%以上。利用磁性分离催化剂并重复利用5次,罗丹明B降解率无明显降低,证明Fe₃O₄@NiSiO₃纳米催化剂重复利用性能良好。同时,考察了该催化剂对其它四种染料：酸性大红3R、孔雀石绿、甲基橙、亚甲基蓝的催化芬顿氧化降解性能。结果表明,孔雀石绿、罗丹明B、亚甲基蓝的降解率均达95%,但偶氮类染料降解率较低。通过对比实验进一步研究表明,Ni元素对芬顿反应起促进作用。     

原位合成CNTs/Cu-Al2O3复合材料的性能研究

对Al的质量分数分别为0.20%,0.35%,0.60%的Cu-Al合金粉末进行内氧化,得到Cu-Al₂O₃粉末。采用化学气相沉积法在Cu-Al₂O₃粉末表面原位生长碳纳米管(carbon nano tubes, CNTs),采用放电等离子烧结工艺成功制备了CNTs/Cu-Al₂O₃复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察了CNTs/Cu-Al₂O₃复合粉末、复合材料断口的形貌。采用显微硬度计、微拉伸试验机、摩擦磨损试验机分别对纯Cu及复合材料的维氏硬度、抗拉强度、摩擦因数进行测试。采用电化学工作站测试复合材料在3.5%NaCl (质量分数)水溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明,随着Al的质量分数的增加,粉末表面合成的CNTs的数量也增多。Al的质量分数为0.35%时,CNTs/Cu-Al₂O₃复合材料的综合性能最佳,与纯Cu相比,复合材料的抗拉强度和腐蚀电势分别提高了86.4%和43.2%,分别为315 MPa和-0.268 V,摩擦因数降低了53.3%,仅为0.28。     

二维Ta4C3O2电子结构的拓扑性质

过渡金属碳化物和氮化物也被称为MXenes材料,是一类具有独特性质的新型二维材料.经第一性原理计算发现,二维Ta₄C₃O₂的电子结构可能具有拓扑性质,而Ta₄C₃已被成功制备,Ta₄C₃O₂可通过表面功能化实现制备.这些结果将为研究MXenes材料的拓扑性质提供有利借鉴,也为今后的实际应用奠定基础.     

Thermal degradation of BaAl2Si2O8：Eu2＋ phosphor excited by near ultraviolet light

Eu2+ doped BaAl2Si2O8 phosphor was synthesized by one-step calcination of precursors that were prepared by chemical co-precipitation.The thermal degradation properties of BaAl2Si2O8:Eu2+ were investigated by photoluminescence,lifetime and chromaticity coordinate measurements.BaAl2Si2O8:Eu2+ is efficiently excited by incident light of 250-400 nm,which matches the emission of near ultraviolet LED chips well.BaAl2Si2O8:Eu2+ exhibits broad blue emission at 470 nm because of the 4f65d1-4f7(8S7/2) transition of Eu2+ ions,and the emission band shows an unusual blue shift with bandwidth broadening and emission intensity decreasing as the annealing temperature is increased.The luminescence decay and CIE chromaticity coordinates of BaAl2Si2O8:Eu2+ were determined to investigate its application in white LEDs.     

Bi掺杂O3型NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2钠离子电池层状正极材料的制备与储钠性能

O3型NaNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂拥有高理论比容量且易于制备,是商业钠离子(Na⁺)电池的首选正极材料之一,但其循环稳定性仍面临挑战。利用Bi对NaNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂进行改性。研究发现,Bi的引入可以在晶粒生长过程中通过调节表面能实现晶粒细化,并且Bi的掺杂增加了层状正极材料的晶胞参数,为Na⁺提供了宽的扩散通道,提高了Na⁺的扩散能力,优化了Na⁺在脱嵌过程中的可逆性。改性后的NaNi_0.495Mn_0.5Bi_0.005O₂实现了在2.0～4.0 V的电势区间内0.2 C倍率下的可逆容量为138.1 mAh/g,在5 C倍率下循环100圈后容量保持率可以达到97%。     

Al2O3/WO3/ZrO2催化剂的制备及在酯交换反应中的研究

以松木为模板,采用模板法将不同含量的Al₂O₃添加到WO₃/ZrO₂复合氧化物中,采用X射线衍射、BET比表面积分析、拉曼光谱和NH₃等温吸附测试等手段对其进行表征,以评估其改进结果。将Al₂O₃/WO₃/ZrO₂催化剂应用到甲醇与乌桕油（非食用油）的酯交换反应中,在其他反应条件相同,Al₂O₃质量分数为3%时,生物柴油最高产率达到83.1%。结果表明：添加Al₂O₃稳定了ZrO₂的四方相结构,使得催化剂比表面积更大、孔数量增加;模板法制备的催化剂孔径分布均匀,WO₃呈高度分散无定型状态;引入Al₂O₃增加了WO₃/ZrO₂催化剂的中强酸性,对弱酸性和强酸性无明显改变。     

Fe_2O_3/TiO_2复合纳米管阵列的制备及其可见光催化性能研究

在氟化铵-乙二醇体系中,采用阳极氧化法在铁基体上制备Fe_2O_3纳米管阵列,然后以氟钛酸铵为钛源,利用水热法在Fe_2O_3纳米管阵列上负载TiO_2纳米片,制得Fe_2O_3/TiO_2复合纳米管阵列,利用SEM、EDS、XRD、TEM、UV-Vis等手段,对所制Fe_2O_3/TiO_2纳米管阵列的表面形貌、物相结构及光催化性能进行表征,并分析Fe_2O_3/TiO_2纳米结构对亚甲基蓝的可见光降解能力。结果表明,Fe_2O_3/TiO_2复合纳米管阵列具有良好的可见光响应;NH_4F浓度为0.4%、水热反应3h制备的Fe_2O_3/TiO_2复合结构具有最佳的光催化性能,对亚甲基蓝的降解率可达90%。     

ZrO2 and ZrO2 -Y2 O3 coatings deposited by double pulsed plasma arc

A novel surface technique has been developed to produce ZrO₂ and ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ coatings on the surface of alloys by using double pulsed plasma arc to react with a solution film containing nano-oxide particles. These coatings exhibit smooth surface and excellent adhesion with substrate. The morphologies of the ceramic coatings and phases were analyzed. It was shown that the oxidation resistance of 18-8 stainless steel was markedly improved by applying ZrO₂ and ZrO₂-Y₂O₃ coatings.     

Acidic catalysis of microporous polyoxometalate H3PW12O40/Sio2 in acetal reaction between benzaldehyde and ethylene glycol

Microporous Keggin-type polyoxometalate material was synthesised by supporting H3PW12O40 into a silica matrix via a sol-gel technique. The silica-supported 12-tungstophosphoric acid ( H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Sio₂ ) obtained is insoluble and readily separable porous materials with uniform micropores (0. 57 nm) and a high specific surface area (350. 5 m2/g) in oxygen-containing polar solvents. H3PW12 O4o/Si02 was characterized by infrared spectrophotometer (IR). ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-vis). inductively coupled plasma (ICP)> thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Brunner-Emmett-Teller method (BET) measurements. H3PWi204o/Si02 obtained catalyzed the acetal reaction between benzaldehyde and ethylene glycol to produce 2-phenyl-l > 3-dioxolane more efficiently than the typical solid acids such as SO4 /ZrO2' Nafion-H and H-ZSM-5. Conversion was 93. 8% for benzaldehyde during the reaction period of 2 h. H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Sio₂ kept its initial activity during three times of reuse. The initial acetal reaction follows a second-order kinetics model at 298 K.