Lettuce seed germination: Prevention of thermodormancy by 2-chloroethanephosphonic acid (ethrel)

Zusammenfassung Ethrel verhindert den Ruhezustand von «Cabbage»-Salatsamen, der durch hohe Temperaturen verursacht wird. Es wird angenommen, dass die Hemmung der Salatsamenkeimung durch hohe Temperaturen vermittelt wird, besonders durch ihre Wirkung auf die endogene Bildung des Äthylens, welches eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Samenkeimung spielt.     

Light stimulated 'shunt-metabolism' succinate-alpha-ketoglutarate-isocitrate cycle and accumulation of citric acid in Aspergillus niger.

Studies with light of the visible range had shown that light plays significant role in the biosynthesis and accumulation of citric acid in Aspergillus niger. Accumulation of 14C-labelled carbon atoms in alpha-ketoglutaric, isocitric, succinic and glycolic acids in the cultures grown under illumination suggest a probable 'shunt-metabolism' leading to the succinate-alpha-ketoglutarate-isocitrate (SKI) cycle. This shunt metabolism minimizes the accumulation of citric acid in cultures due to depletion of intermediates.     

Increase of pyruvic and lactic acid in rat blood by inhibitors of monoamine oxidase

Zusammenfassung Monoaminoxydase(MAO)-Hemmer verschiedener chemischer Klassen sowie Monoamin-Freisetzer erhöhen den Milch- und Brenztraubensäuregehalt im Rattenblut. Der zeitliche Verlauf dieser Vermehrung verhält sich ähnlich wie die 5-Hydroxytryptamin-Akkumulation bzw. -Freisetzung im Gehirn. Im weiteren verstärkt der MAO-Hemmer Iproniazid den durch 5-Hydroxytryptamin oder Noradrenalin bedingten Anstieg von Milch- und Brenztraubensäure im Blut.     

Penicillin-induced formation of ribonuclease in rice (Oryza sativa L.) endosperm and its inhibition by abscisic acid.

Penicillin stimulates the formation of ribonuclease in embryoless rice (Oryza sativa L.) endosperm and enhances gibberelin-induced response. Penicillin-induced RNase production is completely inhibited by abscisic acid.     

Steroidal effect in the resistance offered by wheat varieties toTribolium castaneum (Herbst)

Summary The steroids present in the resistant, susceptible and intermediate wheat varieties toTribolium castaneum (Herbst) were estimated quantitatively; -sitosterol shows significant differences in these varieties. The contents of -sitosterol in 4 varieties of wheat is hence correlated to the resistance of the varieties to the flour beetle.The authors are thankful to the Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India, for providing necessary facilities. Our sincere thanks are due to Dr S.M. Gandhi, Wheat Specialist, Government Agricultural Experiment Station, Durgapura, Jaipur, India, for providing us with the wheat varieties.     

Specific inhibition of formation of acid-fastness in mycobacteria by 3,3'-di-O-methylellagic acid.

3,3'-Di-O-methylellagic acid obtained from Euphorbia adenochlora selectively inhibited the formation of acid-fastness in mycobacteria without retardation of their growth. Gross reductions in contents of wax D, cord factor and free mycolic acids were found in the nonacid-fast bacilli compared with the normal ones.     

Effect of lactic acid on the aggregation of human platelets induced by ADP adrenaline and collagen

Zusammenfassung Nachweis, dass die Milchsäure die durch ADP und Adrenalin induzierte Aggregation der menschlichen Thrombozyten hemmt und keinen Einfluss auf die Kollagen-induzierte Plättchenaggregation in vitro hat. Die Hemmwirkung ist unspezifisch, kommt sie infolge der pH-Verschiebung in saurer Richtung zustande.

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The author wishes to thank Dr.H. Holmsen and Dr.N. O. Solum for valuable advice and criticism.     

Prevention of enteral radiocesium absorption by hexacyanoferrates(II) in piglets

The efficacy of different hexacyanoferrates(II) in preventing the enteral absorption of 134Cs was studied in piglets. As compared to the controls, oral application of 134Cs together with KFe[Fe(CN)6], NH4Fe[Fe(CN)6], or Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 resulted in a strong reduction of the 134 Cs-uptake by more than 97%. The decrease in enteral absorption depends on the dose of administered hexacyanoferrate(II), whereas differences between the compounds under study were small. The biological half-life of 134Cs in non-hexacyanoferrate(II) treated piglets was 21.6 +/- 3.3 days (mean +/- SD).     

Prevention of enteral radiocesium absorption by hexacyanoferrates(II) in piglets

Summary The efficacy of different hexacyanoferrates(II) in preventing the enteral absorption of¹³⁴Cs was studied in piglets. As compared to the controls, oral application of¹³⁴Cs together with KFe[Fe(CN)₆], NH₄Fe[Fe(CN)₆], or Fe₄[Fe(CN)₆]₃ resulted in a strong reduction of the¹³⁴Cs-uptake by more than 97%. The decrease in enteral absorption depends on the dose of administered hexacyanoferrate(II), whereas differences between the compounds under study were small. The biological half-life of¹³⁴Cs in non-hexacyanoferrate(II) treated piglets was 21.6±3.3 days (mean±SD).     

Identification of lymphocyte subpopulations by simultaneous E-rosette formation and unspecific acid esterase staining.

E-rosettes of human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained by an unspecific acid esterase stain; 74.5% of the rosette forming cells were esterase positive, while only 30% of the non-rosette forming cells showed a reaction product.     

The concentration of lactic acid in the human aqueous humour is not determined by the metabolism of the lens

Riassunto La concentrazione dell'acido lattico nell'acqueo anteriore di occhi umani afachici non differisce da quella propria di occhi contenenti il cristallino: è quindi inverosimile che l'iperconcentrazione della sostanza nell'acqueo possa essere attribuita alla glicolisi lenticolare.     

The effect of endotoxin on the lactic acid production in pregnant and non-pregnant rats

Zusammenfassung Die Milchsäureproduktion ist im Knochenmark und in den Leukozyten trächtiger Tiere infolge Endotoxineinwirkung signifikant höher als bei Kontrolltieren. Während sich die Milchsäureproduktion endotoxinbehandelter Plazenten infolge Dauerhemmung der aeroben Glykolyse völlig von allen untersuchten Geweben unterscheidet, bleibt der Sauerstoffverbrauch unverändert.     

Granulocyte colony formation in vitro: enhancement by human placental (umbilical cord) serum.

Addition of human placental umbilical cord serum to bone marrow cultures reproducibly increased the number of granulocyte colonies in vitro. This stimulatory effect was significantly greater than that of fetal calf serum which was seen in cultures of human bone marrow under the conditions described.     

Penicillin-induced formation of ribonuclease in rice (Oryza sativa L.) endosperm and its inhibition by abscisic acid

Summary Penicillin stimulates the formation of ribonuclease in embryoless rice (Oryza sativa L.) endosperm and enhances gibberellin-induced response. Penicillin-induced RNase production is completely inhibited by abscisic acid.Acknowledgment. We are thankful to Professor A.K. Sharma, Head of the Department, for providing facilities for this work. This study was supported by a research grant from the University Grants Commission, New Delhi.     

Some factors affect the degradation of (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride by wheat plant extracts

Zusammenfassung Extrakte aus Weizenpflanzen enthalten ein System, welches Chlorocholinchlorid zu Cholinchlorid umwandelt. Dieses System wird durch pH, aber nicht durch die Temperatur beeinflusst und hat zwei Komponenten; die erste wird durch ZnCl₂ gefällt, und die andere ist dialysierbar.     

Histochemical localization of alkaline and acid phosphatase activities in the skin ofMystus (Mystus) vittatus Bl. (Siluriformes)

Summary An attempt has been made to localize alkaline and acid phosphatase activities in the skin ofMystus vittatus by using histochemical techniques. The alkaline phosphatase activity is found in metabolically active cells such as basal columnar cells, mucous cells and polygonal support cells. The acid phosphatase activity is intense in the outermost squamous support cells and in the basal columnar cells. These activities have been correlated with some physiological functions of the epidermis.Acknowledgment. We are thankful to P. Vishwanatham, Government College, Mhow, and Dr R.S. Shrivastava, Holkar Science College, Indore, for providing laboratory facilities and to the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, for a fellowship for M.S.     

Study on the distribution of methyl-mercury (203Hg) by whole body autoradiography of macaque monkeys (Macaca irus)]

The distribution of methyl-mercury labelled with mercury-203 has been studied in Monkeys by whole body autoradiography technique. The mercury is rapidly absorbed. It is localized in all the body and mainly in well defined areas of the central nervous system.     

Haemoglobin Bohr effect and lactic acid content of the blood of 2 water-snakes with different degrees of aquatic adaptation.

H. modestus, a water-snake with morphological respiratory adaptation to its habitat, presents haemoglobins with a lower Bohr effect than those of L. miliaris, an aquatic snake without such respiratory adaptations. The difference in blood lactic acid content of the 2 snakes submitted to mechanical stimuli appears to be compatible with the properties of their haemoglobins.     

Blood volume and extracellular space (ECS) of the whole body and some organs of the rat

Summary Methods are described for estimation of blood volume and extracellular space (ECS) in the whole body and in some organs with⁵¹Cr,¹⁴C-thiocyanate and³H-inulin. A mean blood volume of 47 ml/kg, a thiocyanate space of 350 ml/kg and a inulin space of 288 ml/kg were determined in the rat. The corresponding values of organs are shown in figures 1–3.