一锅法合成含氯二膦酸酯

以三氯化磷、环氧氯丙烷和三聚乙醛为原料通过酯化和缩合反应合成了一种含氯二膦酸酯。讨论了反应务件的影响。该方法操作简便,收率高。     

新型含磷阻燃剂DOPO-ITA-EG的合成与表征

以10-（2，5-二羧基丙基）-9，10-二氢-9-氧杂-10-磷杂菲-10-氧化物（DOPO-ITA）、乙二醇（EG）为原料合成出新型反应型阻燃剂DOPO-ITA-EG，并通过红外光谱、1H核磁共振谱对该化合物结构进行了鉴定。并探索了催化剂种类、投料比、反应时间等因素对收率的影响。结果表明，合成DOPO-ITA-EG比较适宜的反应冬件为：n（DOPO—ITA）：n（EG）=1：6，反应温度为185-190℃，反应时间为8h，高纯氩气作为保护气。     

一种合成二烃基次膦酸的新方法

报道了一种新的合成二烃基次膦酸的方法，从三氯化磷出发，通过二烷基膦酸酯与Grigmard试剂作用得到二烃基氧化膦，将四氯化碳和水与其直接共热反应，合成二烃基次膦酸．该方法具有操作简便、收率高、产品纯度高等优点．     

二环己基碳二亚胺的合成新工艺

利用环己胺和二硫化碳反应合成Ｎ，Ｎ′－二环己基硫脲（收率９１％），并以此为原料经氯代二甲胺和氯代二乙胺氧化得到二环己基碳二亚胺（收率９１．６％）。     

含不同取代基的芳香膦酸酯的合成与表征

本文以芳香醛为起始原料,经过缩醛和酯化反应,发展了一种条件温和、操作简洁、收率高的合成膦酸酯的方法;同时利用该方法合成得到了4个含不同取代基的芳香磷酸酯,收率均大于80%。所有目标化合物均进行了核磁1H NMR和3 1P NMR表征和确认。     

四聚1，3．二硫杂环戊烯-2-硫酮冠醚衍生物的合成

以二（碘乙基）醚与4,5．二氰乙硫基-1，3．二硫杂环戊烯-2-硫酮为起始原料，采用氰乙基保护与脱保护技术，通过多步缩合反应以较好的收率合成了含4个1，3．二硫杂环戊烯-2-硫酮并硫杂36冠-12（5），给出了目标化合物的有效合成方法，并用1HNMR，MS和EA对其进行了表征．     

微波辐射合成邻苯二甲酰亚胺

以苯酐和尿素为反应原料，通过微波辐射合成了邻苯二甲酰亚胺。结果表明：微波辐射法的反应速率显著提高，辐射反应100s，收率达85％，产品纯度为95％。同时考察了微波辐射时间、功率、原料配比以及输入能量对反应收率的影响，发现以苯酐和尿素为原料微波合成邻苯二甲酰亚胺的最佳反应条件为：苯酐：尿素＝1：1．2（摩尔比），每克苯酐输入的表观辐射能为11．35kJ，采用连续辐射方式。     

哌啶二苯丙醇及其盐酸盐的合成研究

本文采用两条不同的合成路线合成了哌啶二苯醇（I）及其盐酸盐（II），其结构经过了IR，MS鉴定，改进了反应条件，提高了收率，比较了两条合成路线，实验结果证明路线（1）是比较理想的合成路线。     

2-取代间苯二酚化合物的合成

采用改进工艺,以间苯二酚（DHB）和叔丁醇（TBA）为原料合成重要有机中间体2-取代间苯二酚．DHB经过二叔丁基化、异丙基化和脱二叔丁基化3步反应合成了PDHB．在65-70℃,以酸性阳离子交换树脂（商品名NKC-9）作为催化剂,DHB与TBA反应合成4,6-二叔丁基间苯二酚（BDHB）的收率和纯度分别为85．8％和98、77％．BDHB与溴代异丙烷在NaOH水溶液中,于70℃反应5-6h,生成2-异丙基-4,6-二叔丁基间苯二酚（PBDHB）,收率和纯度分别为61．6％和96．53％．PBDHB在浓硫酸催化下,以二氯甲苯作为溶剂,经脱叔丁基反应得到PDHB。收率和纯度分别为76．7％和96.14％．改进后工艺可以合成收率、纯度均较高的PDHB,同样可以合成2-乙基（丁基、苄基）间苯二酚．     

固体超强酸SO42-/SnO2催化合成顺丁烯二酸二异辛酯

以顺丁烯二酸酐和异辛醇为原料，用一种高活性的固体超强酸SO4^2-／SnO2催化剂催化合成了顺丁烯二酸二异辛酯，研究了酯化反应的优化条件。当n（异辛醇）：n（顺丁烯二酸酐）为2．8：1；催化剂用量为酐质量的1．0％时，反应时间120min，反应温度145℃，顺丁烯二酸二异辛酯的收率达到98．7％。同时对用H2SO4和对甲革磺酸催化该反应作了比较。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that