一种新的氧化铝质量分数建模与控制策略

针对氧化铝质量分数的建模与控制问题,提出一种新的基于最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)和预测控制的建模与控制策略。首先,针对LS-SVM建模时的参数选取问题,提出一种基于混沌优化的CHAOS LS-SVM算法获得最优氧化铝质量分数预测模型。然后,提出一种基于LS-SVM的氧化铝质量分数预测控制算法,采用混沌优化在线求解最优控制律。仿真结果表明:CHAOS LS-SVM算法建立的氧化铝质量分数预测模型,其泛化能力要比基于神经网络(NN)的氧化铝质量分数预测模型的强;基于LS-SVM的氧化铝质量分数预测控制算法,其控制精度要比基于NN的氧化铝质量分数预测控制算法的高。     

基于粒子群优化的LS-SVM短期风电功率预测研究

风电的波动性、间歇性和随机性导致风电功率预测时间较长、误差较大;为提高预测精度,缩短预测时间,采用粒子群算法(PSO)对最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)算法进行参数寻优,进而建立优化预测模型进行仿真;结果表明:优化的模型比RBF和LS-SVM具有更高的预测精度.     

汽油机瞬态空燃比的混沌时序LS-SVM预测研究

在汽油机瞬态空燃比反馈控制过程中,氧传感器存在传输时滞,不能快速反馈汽油机瞬态空燃比真实值,无法满足瞬态空燃比反馈控制的实时性要求。文章提出了汽油机瞬态空燃比的混沌时序LS-SVM(最小二乘支持向量机)预测模型,采用相空间重构技术对原始数据进行重构,达到恢复汽油机瞬态空燃比时间序列的多维空间非线性特性目的,最后利用LS-SVM进行训练及预测,得到空燃比预测结果。仿真结果表明,与Elman网络及前馈BP网络相比,混沌时序LS-SVM预测模型具有更强的非线性预测能力,能够有效地提高瞬态空燃比的预测精度,为瞬态空燃比反馈控制的成功实行提供了有力的依据。     

混沌神经网络预测算法评价准则与性能分析

为比较各种混沌神经网络预测算法的误差性能 ,该文提出了预测误差评价准则 ,即根均方误差 ,偏差 ,预测精度 ,决定度系数 ,绝对误差 ,以及一些归一化根均方误差等 ,并分析了它们在描述误差特征上的具体含义。针对两种混沌神经网络预测算法 (即全局神经网络算法和局部神经网络算法 ) ,利用该准则进行了性能分析 ,给出了合理的评价。结果表明 ,与混沌神经网络预测的局部模型算法相比 ,全局模型算法有更好的预测效果 ,且训练时间短 ,占用资源少 ,推广能力好     

LS-SVM在线误差补偿的导弹自适应逆控制律设计

为了提高导弹控制系统的鲁棒稳定性,提出一种基于最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)在线误差补偿的导弹自适应逆控制律设计方法.将非线性导弹系统的内部不确定性和外部干扰视为综合误差项,设计LS-SVM误差补偿器逼近系统的综合误差,通过选取合适的权值调节律来提高LS-SVM的逼近精度,最后引入鲁棒控制项抑制逼近误差给系统带来的...     

湿法冶金中预测金产量的混合建模方法

由于缺乏有效的检测手段,无法实现湿法冶金全过程金产量的精确在线检测.提出了一种最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)与湿法冶金全过程静态机理模型相结合的混合建模方法,用以预测金的产量.通过对湿法冶金全过程的机理分析,利用物料衡算关系建立金的产量静态机理模型,利用LS-SVM对机理模型不能描述的过程特性进行误差补偿.仿真结果表明,该方法的预测性能优于机理模型和单独的LS-SVM构建的模型,验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于人工免疫机理和LS-SVM的顾客需求重要度预测

为了提高质量功能配置过程的动态决策水平,实现顾客需求重要度的有效预测,采用最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)建立顾客需求重要度预测模型,并结合人工免疫机理,以LS-SVM模型参数为抗体、顾客需求重要度预测误差为抗原,采用克隆算法完成顾客需求重要度LS-SVM预测模型参数的免疫优化选择.文中还以数控瓦楞纸板印刷模切机顾客需求重要度预测为例验证了所提方法的可行性,并与基于灰色模型和神经网络模型的顾客需求重要度预测方法进行了比较,结果表明,所提出的基于人工免疫机理与LS-SVM的顾客需求重要度预测方法可行,且预测效果较好.     

精密坐标镗床进给系统热误差分析与预测

为了预测数控机床运行时热误差对进给系统定位精度的影响,以精密坐标镗床为研究对象,采用红外热像仪和激光干涉仪分别测量进给系统在每个测点的丝杠温度和定位精度,提出进给系统热误差的最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)预测方法,建立了关于温度与位置的预测模型。模型引入最小二乘支持向量机方法对机床进给系统热误差进行预测分析,较好地描述了进给轴热误差与温度、位置之间的非线性关系,且对样本的依赖度小,有很好的泛化能力,解决了目前线性拟合模型用特征平均温度替代当前测点温度进行计算而存在较大误差的问题。实验结果表明,与目前已经在数控机床上实际应用的线性预测模型相比,LS-SVM模型对进给系统热误差的预测精度可达90%,预测精度提高30%以上,取得了非常好的预测效果,具有较高的现实应用价值。     

油气生产过程综合能耗混合建模方法

为准确预测油气生产过程中的能源消耗,通过对油气生产过程分析,确定了过程的主要能耗指标,提出了一种机理模型与最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)相结合的混合建模方法.通过对油气生产过程及各子过程之间关系的分析,建立了该过程综合能耗的机理模型,并利用LS-SVM对机理模型不能描述的误差特性进行补偿.仿真结果表明,该方法能够准确地预测油气生产过程的综合能耗,其预测性能优于机理模型和LS-SVM构建的数据模型,且具有较好的稳定性和可靠性,将其应用到某采油作业区的实际生产过程,取得了满意的效果.     

基于风速数值预报的两种风电功率预测方法

针对风电场风功率预测,根据2011年11-12月的北方某大型风电场132台风机的实测风速资料与输出功率资料,以及BJ-RUC数值预报模式在该风电场风机高度(50 m)的预报风速资料,探讨了2种利用神经网络将风速数值预报转化为风功率预测值的途径:1)利用神经网络对风速数值预报进行预测后延误差动态订正,以订正后的风速预测风功率;2)用风速的数值预报值直接与风功率输出建立神经网络模型的释用方法。根据该风电场的实测资料和BJ-RUC模式输出资料,对0-4 h的风功率预报进行了试验,结果表明2种方法相较直接使用BJ-RUC模式风速得到的风功率预报效果有明显改进,第1种方法,风速的绝对误差下降了48.7%,风功率的平均绝对误差下降了58.2%,第2种方法,风功率的平均绝对误差下降了60.4%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.