An attempt to produce antibodies to oxytocin and vasopressin

Zusammenfassung Mit einem Oxytocin-Albumin-Konjugat bzw. mit einem Lysin-Vasopressin-Albumin-Konjugat konnten bei Kaninchen spezifische Antikörper hervorgerufen werden. Die gegen Oxytocin-Albumin-Konjugat gerichteten Antikörper scheinen auch einen gewissen inaktivierenden Effekt auf genuines Oxytocin zu haben.     

Metal binding to myosin and to myosin DTNB-light chain

Summary The effects of various divalent cations, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Mn²⁺ on the intrinsic fluorescence of heavy meromyosin (HMM) and myosin 5,5-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoate) DTNB-light chain of rabbit striated muscle, are compared. At pH 6.4, the fluorescence change induced by the metal ions is present only in the isolated light chain and disappears in HMM, thus indicating an interaction between the heavy and light chains with respect to the binding of the metal ions. Whereas Mg²⁺ binds more strongly than Ca²⁺ to myosin, this order is reversed in the case of the DTNB-light chain.     

Mesencephalic reticular responses to natural and to repeated sensory stimuli

Résumé L'activité des neurones de la formation réticulaire mésencéphalique du chat est modifiée par l'effet de stimuli physiologiques, quelque fois très complexes: la convergence hétéro-sensorielle est très évidente et les champs récepteurs ont différentes étendues et distributions. Soumises à de hautes fréquences de stimulation, les cellules présentent une réactivité limitée. Au fur et à mesure que la stimulation est répétée, les réponses diminuent et, finalement, disparaissent; cette diminution de réactivité est souvent spécifique de la stimulation utilisée.     

韩国利用外商R＆D投资的经验及启示

韩国在利用外商研发投资中存在诸多值得我们借鉴的地方，如鼓励本国企业与跨国公司研发机构合作、着力增强本国企业的技术吸收消化能力、为本国企业与跨国公司搭建合作平台、合理引导跨国公司的研发投资活动、鼓励本国企业到海外建立研发机构等。我国在利用外商研发投资过程中，应积极借鉴韩国经验，大力优化人才培养与任用机制、健全和完善知识产权保护的法律体系、保护生态环境、优化和完善服务环境、加强本土企业R＆D能力培养。     

Adaptation of the guinea-pig to histamine. sensitivity of the guinea-pig's ileum to histamine and acetylcholine

Résumé L'adaptation des cobayes à l'histamine par voie intrapéritonéale diminue la sensibilité de leur jéjunum isolé à l'histamine. En même temps le jéjunum isolé de cobayes adaptés réagit à l'acétylcholine sans changer remarquablement de susceptibilité. L'activité de l'histaminase dans le jéjunum adapté ne démontre pas la différence en relation avec celle du jéjunum non adapté.

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The study was supported by the Polish Academy of Sciences.     

Acid-catalyzed addition of alcohols and thiols to bilirubin

Riassunto In mezzo fortemente acido la bilirubina reagisce con gli alcooli e con i tioli fornendo con alte rese prodotti di addizione identici a quelli ottenibili per via fotochimica in assenza di acidità.     

The double transfer of thermodynamics: From physics to chemistry and from Europe to America

The aim of this study is twofold: to explore, first, the influence of the intellectual and social conditions on the transfer of thermodynamics to chemistry and thereby the making of chemical thermodynamics, and second, the way that this knowledge was transferred from Europe to America. Consequently, it is of interest to examine the methodological approaches used by physicists and chemists to transfer thermodynamics to chemistry, to evaluate the potential of this science to offer solutions to existing chemical problems, and to discuss the attitude of the scientific community towards these new ideas. The development of chemical thermodynamics in America followed a different route compared to the European experience. Although it was transferred from Europe, it had distinctive characteristics imposed by a different traditional, intellectual and social milieu. This study focuses on the content of the transferred knowledge to America and the direction that this knowledge assumed by the American scientists. As a paradigm, the chemical thermodynamics of Gilbert Newton Lewis will be considered.     

With reference to the relations between proliferation activity of erythroblasts and their sensitivity to hypoxia

Riassunto Da ricerche precedenti era apparso che l'ipossia inibisce la proliferazione degli eritroblasti e che il megaloblasto è più inibito del normoblasto. Onde stabilire se il grado di sensibilità è strettamente collegato con la particolare natura del tipo di eritroblasto — normo- e megaloblasto — oppure se tale grado è in rapporto soltanto con l'intensità proliferativa cellulare, gli autori hanno studiato l'influenza dell'ipossia su normoblasti altamente proliferanti (in particolare, quelli della Talassemia major). Essi hanno potuto rilevare che questi ultimi posseggono lo stesso grado di sensibilità all'ipossia del normoblasto del midollo osseo umano normale, inferiore quindi a quello del megaloblasto dell'anemia perniciosa. Pertanto gli autori concludono che le differenze tra normoblasto e megaloblasto rispetto al fenomeno esplorato sono strettamente correlate con l'intima biologia dei due tipi cellulari.     

How not to integrate the history and philosophy of science: a reply to Chalmers

Alan Chalmers uses Robert Boyle’s mechanical philosophy as an example of the irrelevance of ‘philosophy’ to ‘science’ and criticizes my 2006 book Atoms and alchemy for overemphasizing Boyle’s successes. The present paper responds as follows: first, it argues that Chalmers employs an overly simplistic methodology insensitive to the distinction between historical and philosophical claims; second, it shows that the central theses of Atoms and alchemy are untouched by Chalmers’s criticisms; and third, it uses Boyle’s analysis of subordinate causes and his debate with Henry More in the 1670s to demonstrate the inadequacy of Chalmers’s construal of the mechanical philosophy.