Typical severe dust storms in northern China during 1954 —2002

Based on China抯 available daily observation data from 681 national meteorological stations from 1954 to 2002, a time series of typical severe dust storms in northern China is constructed in terms of the weather process, and the temporal and spatial distribution, and their evolution ten-dency is analyzed. The results indicate that there were 223 relatively typical severe dust storms in northern China from 1954 to 2002, among which the event on April 10—12, 1979 had the largest affected area. Closely associated with the geographical distribution of deserts, sandy lands and the tracks of strong cold air outbreaks, severe dust storms mainly occurred in the Tarim Basin, the eastern part of Northwest China and the northern part of North China. The season with the most frequent severe dust storms was spring, in which the frequency accounts for 82.5% in the whole year, while the least occurrence was in summer and autumn. Dur-ing the past 49 years, the highest frequency of severe dust storms occurred in the 1950s and the lowest was in the 1990s with a general descending tendency, but during 2000—2002 the occurrence was relatively increasing. On the average, the duration of severe dust storms was shortest in the 1990s, about 0.5—1 h shorter than that in the other 4 decades.     

R—W时空中宇宙尘埃(dust)与辐射场的关系

在广阔的宇宙空间,存在大量的宇宙尘埃(dust),同时也存在着电磁辐射场。本文主要研究R—W时空中,通过动量守恒定律T_(;v)~(μv)=0,导出两者之间的制约关系式,並得出了在特殊情况下,尘埃密度ρ(t)及辐射场能量密度u(t)与宇宙尺度因子R(t)的关系式。     

Speciation of iron in atmospheric particulate matter by EXAFS

In the atmospheric particulate matter (PM), fractions with a particle size of less than 10 μm (PM10) or evenless than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) in aerodynamic diameter can be inhaled into human body and cause serious health problems[1,2]. The influence of the PM on health is not only related to elemental concentrations, but also to its chemical speciation. The study on elemental speciation in atmospheric PM is significant for evaluating toxicity of PM and providing information about the formation a…     

Relationship between calcium and atmospheric dust recorded in Guliya ice core

By the analyses of Guliya ice core on the Tibetan Plateau, it was found that the calcium (Ca^2 ) originated from the terrestrial source is the main cation of soluble aerosol and a good proxy of the atmospheric component and environment in the mountain ice core located in the mid-low latitude arid regions. Evident variation of Ca^2 concentration has been found in the Guliya ice core since the Last lnterglaciation with two relatively strong increase periods and two weak increase periods. These variations are generally related to climatic changes: high Ca^2 concentration periods coincide with cold periods and low Ca^2 concentration periods coincide with warm periods. However, Ca^2 concentration does not always decrease (increase) with climate warming (cooling). The magnitude and phase of Ca^2 concentration does not always match temperature either. The changes of atmospheric circulation, land surface condition and atmospheric humidity might be important factors which influence Ca^2 concentration besides temperature.     

Size distribution and element composition of dust aerosol in Chinese Otindag Sandland

Dust aerosol is one important component of atmos-pheric aerosols, and plays important roles in the Earth’s climate system and the biogeochemical cycle. Large amounts of dust aerosols produced from windblown soils and deserts are emitted annually into the atmosphere and transported over long distance to downwind land and ocean areas[1]. The deserts and desertification soils in northern China are important sources of East Asia dust aerosols. It is estimated that 800 Mt of dust aerosols emit-t…     

Validating a dust production model by field experiment in Mu Us Desert, China

It is essential for validation and improvement of a dust production model to perform field observations on dust emissions. The dust production model (DPM model) consists of two physically explicit sub-models, namely saltation model [1, 2] (eq. (1)) and sandblasting model [3] (eqs. (2) and (3)). Fh is saltation flux, E is fraction of erodible surface, C is a dimensional constant, ρa is air density, g is gravitational acceleration, U* is the wind friction velocity, Ut*(Dp) is threshold frict…     

Suspended particulate matter in Jiaozhou Bay： Properties and variations in response to hydrodynamics and pollution

Based on water samples collected and observations of currents, tidal levels as well as turbidities taken, respectively over a period of 15 and 7 d, in southwestern Jiaozhou Bay on August, 2001, it was found that: ( i ) the average content of non mineral component amounted to 87% of the suspended sediment matter (SPM) in Jiaozhou Bay,much higher than in estuaries and bays where turbidity is high and mineral particulates dominates; (ii) in contrast to high turbid bays, SPM was generally coarser than bed deposits and in upper water column than in lower water column in Jiaozhou Bay; (iii) in fair weathers, suspended sediment concentration (SPC) varied regularly within tidal cycles and neap-spring cycles, but the regularity was deformed in storms; and (iv) SPC was controlled by settling/resuspension near the bed and by advection at the surface at the study site with a depth of 20 m, suggesting weak vertical exchanges. It was concluded that SPM property of a low turbid bay is sensitive to pollution, and that the maintenance of low turbidity in the bay depends on less SPM supply, low waves and currents, and controlling on discharge of particulate pollutants.     

The possible pivotal role of the eastward dust transport from Central Asia in the global temperature decrease

It is generally considered that the occurrence of glacial-interglacial gyrations can be explained with the Milankovitch theory. However, the solutions of some problems in the theory are currently not derived yet. After researching the eastward dust transport from Central Asia, we have found that there is a positive feedback mechanism between the eastward dust transport and the global temperature decrease. This magnifies the effect of solar radiation change in the high-latitude Hemisphere, and results in area of the Northern the occurrence of the global glacial epoch. The positive feedback mechanism starts with the reduction of solar radiation in the high-latitude area of the Northern Hemisphere. Subsequently, the global temperature decreases and global glacial epoch occurs, in which the pivotal fac- tor is the eastward dust transport from Central Asia. With the theory of the positive feedback mechanism, some problems in the Milankovitch theory can be solved well.     

Compound-specific carbon isotope compositions of individual long-chain n-alkanes in severe Asian dust episodes in the North China coast in 2002

Asian dust storms originating from the arid regions of central and eastern Asia and from the Loess Plateau in China frequently occur in spring [1,2]. Driven by the East Asian monsoon, Asian dust can be transported to northern Pacific Ocean[2―8]. Asian du…     

1—o—乙酰基—2,3,5—三—o—苯甲酰基—4—［9‘—（6’—氢— …

从１－ｏ－乙酰基－２,３,５－三－ｏ－苯甲酰基－４－溴－β－Ｄ－呋喃核糖出发,在溴化汞催化作用下,合成了３个４－取代的核苷化合物,其中２个化合物未见文献报道。     

2—甲基—1,2,5,6—四氢—5,6—二氧—1,2,4—三嗪—3—硫醇的合？…

研究了在甲醇的碱性介质中，通过１－甲基－１－氨基硫脲与草酸二乙酯的缩合反应制备医药中间体三嗪环。适宜的反应条件为１－甲基－１－氨基硫脲，草酸二乙酯、甲醇钠的量（摩尔）比为１：１．１：２．０，其收率可达６０％。     

2—氨基—4—甲基—6—甲氨基—1,3,5—三嗪合成

2—氨基—4—甲基—6—甲氧基—1,3,5—三嗪是合成磺酰脲类除草剂的主要中间体之一。本文报道了以双氰胺为原料,经加成,成环的合成路线,简化了文献报道的方法。     

1—取代—1—（1,2,4—三唑—1—基）—3,3—二甲基丁醇—2的合成

研究了连二亚硫酸钠对高位阻羰基化合物的还原反应;合成了十个标题化合物,它们的结构均得到IR,H’NMR 和 MS谱的确证。     

Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry of eolian dust of the arid-semiarid areas in China： Implications for loess provenance and monsoon evolution

Strontium (Sr) is a divalent alkaline earth element. Its ionic radius (0.113 nm) is slightly larger than that of calcium (0.099 nm), and Sr thus substitutes isomor- phously for Ca in many minerals. Neodymium (Nd) is a rare earth element. Its chemical prop…     

7,8—二甲基—3,6—二苯基—5—氧—8—氮螺[2.6]壬—4,9— …

利用手性源（２Ｒ,３Ｓ）－３,４－二甲基－２－苯基－１,４－氧氮杂Ｚｈｕｏ－５,７－二酮（１）合成了具有光学活性的７,８－二甲基－３,６－二苯基－５－氧－８－氮螺〔２．６〕壬－４,９－二酮（３）。测定了化合物（３）的晶体结构,并讨论了在五洄成反应中的不对称诱导作用的机理。