Evolution of the Xiaotian-Mozitan fault and its implications for exhumation of Dabie HP-UHP rocks

The Xiaotian-Mozitan fault (XMF) located north of Dabie orogenic belt separates the North Dabie complex to the south from the Beihuaiyang low-grade metamorphic rocks to the north. It comprises several NW-striking ductile shear zones and brittle faults. The brittle faults obviously overprinted on the ductile shear zones and promoted the development of the volcanic basins in early Cretaceous to the north, which suggests that the brittle faults were normal faults formed in early Cretaceous during doming of Dabie orogenic belt. The ductile shear zone superposed on the north Dabie grey gneiss, and it is an important channel where the Dabie HP-UHP rocks exhumed. For obtaining new structural constraint on exhumation of the HP-UHP rocks, we present here experimental results on the microstructure, quartz C-axis fabrics and the microprobe analyses of phengite. The ductile shear zone was determined to be formed at temperature of 600-650℃ and pressure of 1.1 GPa by the mineral deformation, microprobe analyses and geobarometry of Si-in-phengite of the mylonite, the results suggest that the mylonite now exposed on the surface experienced an upper amphibolite-facies metamorphism in the lower crust. The mineral stretching lineation varies from horizontal in the east segment to sub-dip in the west. Shear sense indicators from outcrop and thin sections of orientated specimen and quartz C-axis fabrics suggest that the XMF is a sinistral normal fault. The kinematics analysis of the ductile shear zone indicates that the exhumation of Dabie HP-UHP rocks is the results of a SE-directed extrusion and an anticlockwise rotation around its eastern pivot simultaneously.     

大别山东缘郯庐断裂带早期韧性剪切带的形成温度

年龄的解释强烈依靠于构造热事件的发生温度和矿物的封闭温度,在缺少构造热事件的温度资料的情况下,很难对年龄数据做出正确合理的解释。文章利用白云母-绿泥石地质温度计,计算了大别山东缘郯庐早期左旋走滑韧性剪切带的形成温度,获得了350～450℃的温度区间,并且多数温度值位于430～450℃之间。该温度值大于40Ar/39Ar法中白云母的封闭温度,从而由主要以残斑形式存在的白云母获得的年龄值记录了郯庐断裂带的活动时间,190Ma左右的白云母年龄值为接近于韧性剪切带变形年龄的冷却年龄。并由此年龄和温度数据得出郯庐断裂带形成于大别造山带造山作用后期。该韧性剪切带形成温度明显低于所叠加的造山带高角闪岩相变质岩,也指示为造山后期走滑运动的结果。     

Observation of ultra-microtexture of fault rocks in shearing-sliding zones

With the rapid development of microbeam tech nologies, the application of scanning electronic mi croscopy ( SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) hasextended the studies on textures of fault rocks frommicro scale (micron level) observation to ultra microscale (nanometer level)[1]. Through SEM observa tion of three fault rocks in ductile brittle shearing sliding zones[2](including one palimpsest mylonite ofMesozoic granite s…     

郯庐断裂带渤海段的深部构造与动力学意义

郯庐断裂带渤海段的3条大地电磁测深剖面,揭示了断裂带丰富的深部结构信息。这些剖面显示,郯庐断裂带已切穿了整个地壳,并且向下延入上地幔;该段断裂带在深部显示为陡立的走滑构造,浅部为伸展断层及断陷盆地所叠加,最后又发生过一期明显的逆冲活动;该断裂带的走滑构造在渤海湾内继续存在,指示其早期的走滑活动中向北延入了渤海内;该断裂带内部及其旁侧,浅部的断陷盆地发育与深部的高导层(带)紧密伴生,反映断陷盆地发生时在地壳深部都出现了软弱拆离带,也指示了岩石圈减薄中地壳内所发生的深部过程。     

新集F10断层组断层泥分维及其水文地质特征

为研究断层水文地质特征,以新集F10断层泥数据为对象,依据分形原理,采用筛选法和悬浮相结合的方法对采自新集F10断层及其伴生断层的断层泥进行分形研究,对颗粒粒度进行分布分维。研究发现：分维值与断层的活动方式、地震几率、黏粒质量分数、渗透性、黏聚力、内摩擦角等参数有紧密的相关性,能够从多方面体现断层带的水文地质性质。     

某深基坑边坡岩体的原位直剪试验研究

通过对某边坡岩体原位直剪试验的数据分析,得到了岩体的抗剪强度指标(c和φ)和岩体原位直剪的剪应力—应变关系曲线。试验结果还表明:岩体的抗剪强度和残余强度与法向应力近似成正比例关系,再一次验证了库伦强度准则的正确性。     

高邮凹陷断裂调节带发育特征及其石油地质意义

断裂调节带是构造变形区调节构造平衡的一类重要的地质构造.综合地质、地震等分析资料对高邮凹陷主要断裂系构造的分布特征及其各构造带的石油地质意义进行了研究.结果表明,高邮凹陷内存在真武吴堡断层同向类叠置型、真②断层内同向类叠置型、吴①断层内同向类共线型、汉留吴②断层间共轭反向类共线型4种断裂调节带类型.凹陷内同向类调节带易形成主水系通道,各种沉积扇体和鼻状圈闭发育,而且临近凹陷内生油中心,易于形成油气富集带,是油田的主要分布区;而共轭反向类调节带则位于凹陷内低幅凸起,其水系不发育,缺乏沉积砂体,远离生油中心,不利于成藏.     

特大断面隧道断层段地震响应与断层构造关系

针对特大断面隧道断层破碎带地震响应强烈而导致衬砌结构更易遭受破坏的问题,本文采用FLAC 3D仿真计算软件,通过数值模拟,研究特大断面隧道地震与断层宽度、断层倾角的关系,分析衬砌地震响应规律,确定抗震薄弱位置及抗震设防范围。分析结果表明：断层处的衬砌横断面上的拱腰和拱脚处属于抗震薄弱位置,需要在这些位置处重点进行设防;断层上盘位置对地震响应更明显,应加强这些位置上隧道衬砌的抗减震措施;地震时,小倾角,大宽度的断层构造对特大断面隧道的影响大。在本文研究的断层构造范围内,特大断面隧道的抗震设防区域选取应为：断层及断层交界面前后各取25~30m的区域。这些结果可为地震区的特大断面隧道设计建设提供参考。     

辽宁东五家子金矿控矿断裂及其构造岩研究

介绍了辽宁东五家子金矿控矿断裂的几何学、构造学与构造岩特征,指出NE向凌源-北票断裂与矿区东部的NW向二道营子断裂是金矿成矿的导矿断裂,二断裂旁侧的次级NW向与NE向断裂为金矿的容矿断裂.两组断裂均为长期多次活动断裂,早期活动具强烈韧性变形特征,晚期在韧性剪切带基础上再叠加脆性断裂.在此基础上探讨了两组断裂的控矿规律.     

Tectono-geochemistry analyses of fault rocks in shear zone of metamorphic core complex in north Jiangxi, China

Through a systematic sampling test and mass equilibrium analysis of the three sorts of complex assemblages (intrusive complex, tectonic complex and metamorphic complex) penetrating the metamorphic core complex (MCC) in the Xingzi area of north Jiangxi, the authors find that, like major elements, the trace elements of small ion radius, big specific gravity and high potential form the accumulative series in fault rocks, instead of divergence series. In rare earth elements, ΣREE and HREE are relatively centralized, characteristic of rising and Eu loss in the distribution pattern. Only on the upside of the ductile fault, there exist some phenomena contrary to the general rules, most of which are restricted by the rock rheologic differentiation, coupling of mechanics and chemistry, and inversion of tectonic regime.     

穿越正断层埋地管线的破坏模式分析

在正断层引起的地面永久性大变形作用下,埋地管线可能会发生拉伸、剪切等形式的强度破坏,亦可能在局部受压区发生屈曲破坏。利用ABAQUS 有限元分析软件,建立穿越正断层埋地管线的空间有限元分析模型,采用非线性接触分析方法模拟正断层引起的地表永久性大变形作用下管线—土体间的相互作用,分析了不同管径、跨越角对管线破坏模式的影响。依据算例分析可知：小口径埋地管线易发生拉伸强度破坏,大口径薄壁管线易发生屈曲失效,口径0．65 m 是管线从发生强度破坏到发生屈曲破坏的临界值;当跨越角大于90°时,角度越大越易发生屈曲失效,跨越角为100°是埋地管线发生强度破坏与屈曲失效的分界点。     

歧口凹陷隐性断裂带特征及其对油气聚集的控制作用

隐性断裂带(断裂趋势带)是指盆地沉积盖层内发育的弱变形(隐蔽性较强)构造带,属于断裂带形成演化早、中期阶段的产物,由于缺乏明显的断裂面(带)和显著的位移而难以识别。在对苏北盆地、渤海湾盆地隐性断裂带研究基础上,于歧口凹陷识别出基底断裂走滑型隐性断裂带,并分析其特征、形成机制、控藏作用等。该断裂趋势带其自南向北可以分3个区段:南段基底断裂与盖层断裂体系直接连接构成花状构造;中段古近系的花状构造终止于沙二段,新近系仅发生挠曲变形,成为东西侧不同构造单元、南北部不同构造特征的平衡点;北段新近系发育的花状构造深部收敛于古近系的重力滑脱断层,基底断裂通过影响滑脱断层控制盖层断裂体系。研究结果表明,古近系基底断裂扭动作用主要以直接传递、调节传递、间接传递等3种方式控制影响盖层中隐性断裂带的形成。深部隐伏断裂切入基底,有利于热作用传递而促进烃源岩成熟;盖层中的隐性断裂带控制了沉积体系和隐蔽性圈闭的形成和分布;隐性断裂带的观点丰富了构造地质学理论,为油气勘探提供了新认识。     

破碎断层变形破坏过程的试验研究

范各庄矿F0断层是一条走向贯穿整个井田的破碎断层,极大地影响了该矿采区布置及矿井深部开拓,对矿井的安全生产具有重大威胁。为了研究F0断层在采动影响下的变形破坏过程,采用电镜、薄片及蠕变力学试验方法分别对断层物质的原样和3种含水量、5组样品的复制样进行了分析研究。试验表明:围压效应、结构效应、含水量效应均对断层物质的性质产生巨大影响;断层物质具有明显的流动变形特征;结构面的存在、承压水的作用以及围压的改变极大地影响着断层物质的性质。试验研究结果对于分析断裂滞后突水具有重要意义。     

利用接收函数反演龙门山断裂带及邻区深部结构

利用接收函数的方法通过接收震中距30°～90°、震级在5.5以上的远震事件反演龙门山断裂带及其邻区的深部结构,探索汶川地震形成原因。结果表明,扬子地台西缘的莫霍面向西侧倾斜缓降;处在龙门山推覆体范围之内的都江堰、汶川一带莫霍面起伏变化不大,在跨过龙门山中央断裂带后开始下降,向北降至黑水县附近后平缓上升。结合2005年10月至2007年4月远震P波波形资料接收函数反演结果:①2条被动源剖面均显示莫霍面在龙门山推覆体中央位置深度约43km的地方出现不同程度的陡降,说明该断裂带是地壳厚度的陡变带,为扬子地台和松潘甘孜地台的构造边界。②莫霍面深度向南陡降至最深约68km处后平缓上升,向北陡降至最深约58km处后平缓上升。表明松潘-甘孜地块东缘地壳厚度呈南深北浅、东深西浅分布。     

郯庐断裂(K2-E)的伸展活动及其对合肥盆地的控制

郯庐断裂带于晚白垩世 -老第三纪 (K2 -E)时期卷入了广泛的伸展活动 ,其伸展结果是沿着早期先存的走滑断裂产生了伸展正断层 ,构成了合肥盆地的东缘断陷边界。在断裂的西侧控制了合肥盆地上白垩统 -下第三系的同沉积可容空间 ,而断裂东侧张八岭隆起进一步抬升 ,由此形成合肥盆地充填的物源系统。与此同时 ,盆地内先存近东西向逆断层也相应产生了伸展活动 ,并控制了盆内近东西向的沉积。在伸展断陷盆地内均有明显的沉积响应。文章从合肥盆地 K2 -E的沉积响应特征探讨郯庐断裂带伸展期对合肥盆地的控制机理 ,提出了该阶段盆地的沉积可容空间受双向伸展断裂的控制模式     

Left-lateral shear deformation found in southern part of the Gaoligong range in west Yunnan and its tectonic implications

It is generally understood that the Tertiary structural deformation in the Gaoligong range in west Yunnan was under the control of right-lateral shear, resulting from the northward movement of Indian relative to Eurasian. In the southern part of Gaoligong range, however, we have recently found many pieces of evidence of left-lateral shear deformation, featuring a 10 km wide shear zone cutting through all tectonic elements of the range in N-S direction, which possibly occurred in late Tertiary time, and postdated the right-lateral shear. This is a significant discovery for revealing characteristics of the Tertiary intracontinental deformation of the Gaoligong range and the interaction between the Indian and the Eurasian continents.     

Genesis of continental seismogenic zone and a new fault zone model

Experiments were conducted repeatedly on Mannari granite under different temperature and confining pressure conditions. Systematic micro- and submicro-structural and mechanical analyses of granite samples deformed under 1.5 GPa (confining pressure), at 25℃—650℃temperatures and at 2× 10^-6 s^-1 strain rate show the brittle-ductile deformation microstructures and microstructural associations similar to those observed in naturally deformed crustal rocks and minerals. Brittle fracturing and crystalline plasticity co-exist and react with each other in the brittle-ductile transition domain of the continental lithosphere. The interaction between the different mechanisms in the transitional domain results in the variation of anomalous strength values, which may best explain the genesis of the continental seismogenic zone. A new fault zone model is proposed on the basis of detailed micromechanical and microstructural analyses.     

郯庐断裂带演化动力学——多力源多时期分段作用模式

提出了郯庐断裂带的演化动力学--多力源多时期分段作用模式.早-中侏罗世,扬子与华北地块碰撞后的持续会聚力、古太平洋板块的挤压力(安第斯型)联合作用于郯庐断裂带,产生了左旋压扭活动.晚侏罗世,西太平洋型的古太平洋板块挤压力作用机制率先作用于中国大陆边缘的北部地区,并一直持续到古近纪.其在郯庐断裂带中、北段诱发出上地幔上涌力,使其产生了右旋拉张活动;郯庐断裂带南段直至晚白垩世才受到这种机制作用.晚新生代以来,西太平洋俯冲带后退,上地幔上涌力作用已退到边缘海地区,郯庐断裂带全段受到边缘海地区上地幔上涌力诱发的次级挤压作用力,形成了右旋挤压活动.     

安徽肥东西韦地区郯庐断裂带的构造特征与变形规律

郯庐断裂带南段安徽肥东西韦地区糜棱岩广泛发育,地表出露良好。通过对该地区进行细致的宏观和微观分析研究发现,韧性剪切带具有典型的左行平移特征;断裂带的持续走滑使糜棱岩带抬升并在浅层形成正花状构造;新生代以来由于太平洋板块近EW向的强烈挤压,左行平移逆断层形成,并叠加于早期构造之上,从而形成当今地表所见的构造特征。