周围型肺癌动态增强CT扫描特征及病理基础

目的:探讨周围型肺癌动态增强CT扫描特点及机理。方法:经病理证实的周围型肺癌57例,平扫后,以2 mL/s速率注入造影剂后1、2、3、4、5 m in薄层扫描,分析强化值、时间密度曲线及强化形态。将CT表现与富血管度作相关性分析。结果:57例周围型肺癌增强后除1例外,强化值均大于20 Hu,与结核瘤对比差异有显著性(P<0.01)。周围型肺癌的主要强化形态是完全性强化及周围型强化。强化峰值多在1~2 m in。周围型肺癌的强化值与肿瘤中央血管数目呈正相关(r=0.8,P<0.01),与微血管密度呈等级正相关(r=0.60,P<0.01)。结论:周围型肺癌动态增强CT扫描在强化值、时间密度曲线及强化形态均有一定特征,可与结核瘤及炎性假瘤相鉴别。     

The neuroprotective effect of L-Theanine and its inhibition on nicotine dependence

The benefits of tea for human health are widely accepted all over the world. L-Theanine, a nonprotein amino acid found in tea plants, is the major tea component that contributes to the unique pleasing taste of tea. L-Theanine has been shown to promote relaxation, enhance cognitive performance and act antagonistically against the excitement induced by caffeine. Recently, it was found that L-Theanine had inhibitory effect on nicotine dependence. This paper reviews the neuroprotective properties of L-Theanine and discusses the inhibitory effects of L-Theanine on nicotine dependence.     

Adenovirus-mediated wild-type p53 gene transfer in combination with bronchial arterial infusion for treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer, one year follow-up

Objective: In the present study, we have examined the safety and efficacy of recombinant adenovirus encoding human p53 tumor suppressor gene (rAd-p53) injection in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the combination with the therapy of bronchial arterial infusion (BAI). Methods: A total of 58 patients with advanced NSCLC were enrolled in a non-randomized, two-armed clinical trial. Of which, 19 received a combination treatment of BAI and rAd-p53 (the combo group), while the remaining 39 were treated with only BAI (the control group). Patients were followed up for 12 months, with safety and local response evaluated by the National Cancer Institute’s Common Toxicity Criteria and response evaluation criteria in solid tumor (RECIST), respectively. Time to progression (TTP) and survival rates were also analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results: In the combo group, 19 patients received a total of 49 injections of rAd-p53 and 46 times of BAI, respectively, while 39 patients in the control group received a total of 113 times of BAI. The combination treatment was found to have less adverse events such as anorexia, nausea and emesis, pain, and leucopenia (P<0.05) but more arthralgia, fever, influenza-like symptom, and myalgia (P<0.05), compared with the control group. The overall response rates (complete response (CR)+partial response (PR)) were 47.3% and 38.4% for the combo group and the control group, respectively (P>0.05). Patients in the combo group had a longer TTP than those in the control group (a median 7.75 vs 5.5 months, P=0.018). However, the combination treatment did not lead to better survival, with survival rates at 3, 6, and 12 months in the combo group being 94.74%, 89.47%, and 52.63%, respectively, compared with 92.31%, 69.23%, and 38.83% in the control group (P=0.224). Conclusion: Our results show that the combination of rAd-p53 and BAI was well tolerated in patients with NSCLC and may have improved the quality of life and delayed the disease progression. A further study to better determine the efficacy of this combination therapy is warranted.     

A frameshift mutation in NOD2 associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, which is thought to result from the effect of environmental factors in a genetically predisposed host. A gene location in the pericentromeric region of chromosome 16, IBD1, that contributes to susceptibility to Crohn's disease has been established through multiple linkage studies, but the specific gene(s) has not been identified. NOD2, a gene that encodes a protein with homology to plant disease resistance gene products is located in the peak region of linkage on chromosome 16 (ref. 7). Here we show, by using the transmission disequilibium test and case-control analysis, that a frameshift mutation caused by a cytosine insertion, 3020insC, which is expected to encode a truncated NOD2 protein, is associated with Crohn's disease. Wild-type NOD2 activates nuclear factor NF-kappaB, making it responsive to bacterial lipopolysaccharides; however, this induction was deficient in mutant NOD2. These results implicate NOD2 in susceptibility to Crohn's disease, and suggest a link between an innate immune response to bacterial components and development of disease.     

Lys751Gln polymorphism in ERCC2 gene is associated with lung cancer susceptibility in the Chinese population

The excision repair cross-complementing group 2 (ERCC2) gene encodes a DNA repair protein, which is absolutely necessary in nucleotide excision repair. A polymorphism in codon 751 that induces a Lys→Gln substitution has been suggested to reduce the DNA repair capacity. Therefore, we conducted a matched case-control study to investigate the role of ERCC2 Lys751Gln polymorphism in the development of lung cancer in the Chinese population. The genotype of ERCC2 gene was analyzed by di-allele-specific-amplification with artificially modified primers (diASA-AMP) in 200 original lung cancer cases and 200 controls. The results showed that carriers of Lys/Gln and Gln/Gln genotypes had a 3.32-fold higher risk of lung cancer compared with carriers of Lys/Lys genotype. Furthermore, the mutant genotype of 751Gln allele was found to be associated with an increased risk in both lung squamous cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma. However, no significant interaction between 751Gln variants and smoking was observed after stratifying according to the smoking status in this study. The results suggest that the Lys751Gln polymorphism in ERCC2 gene is a potential biomarker for susceptibility of lung cancer in the Chinese population.     

Lys751Gln polymorphism in ERCC2 gene is associated with lung cancer susceptibility in the Chinese population

The excision repair cross-complementing group 2(ERCC2)gene encodes a DNA repair protein,which is absolutely necessary in nucleotide excision repair.A polymorphism in codon 751 that induces a Lys→Gln substitution has been suggested to reduce the DNA repair capacity.Therefore,we conducted a matched case-control study to investigate the role of ERCC2 Lys751Gln polymor- phism in the development of lung cancer in the Chinese population.The genotype of ERCC2 gene was analyzed by di-allele-specific-amplifi- cation with artificially modified primers(diASA-AMP)in 200 original lung cancer cases and 200 controls.The results showed that carriers of Lys/Gln and Gln/Gln genotypes had a 3.32-fold higher risk of lung cancer compared with carriers of Lys/Lys genotype.Furthermore, the mutant genotypa of 751Gln allele was found to be associated with an increased risk in both lung squamous cell carcinoma and lung ade- nocarcinoma.However,no significant interaction between 751Gln variants and smoking was observed after stratifying according to the smoking status in this study.The results suggest that the Lys751Gln polymorphism in ERCC2 gene is a potential biomarker for suscepti- bility of lung cancer in the Chinese population.     

血管生成抑制剂与肺癌治疗的研究进展

目的:探讨血管生成抑制剂治疗肺癌的研究进展.方法:收集该类药物的国内外近期资料加以综合归纳.结果:血管生成抑制剂治疗肺癌方法可行,前景诱人.结论:随着血管生成抑制剂的不断开发和研究,对于肺癌这一血管增生明显的肿瘤,深入研究抗血管治疗具有重要意义.     

应用模拟定位机对肺癌肿块运动的研究

肺肿瘤随呼吸运动是制约放疗剂量提升的主要因素之一，为确定每个肺癌患者的肿瘤运动范围，用模拟定位机对肺癌病人的呼吸运动，肿瘤运动及体表标记物三者的运动进行了检测，通过瞬时傅立叶变换技术对肿瘤一系列的动态变化进行研究，并对比了肿瘤和体表标记物的运动，结果发现：不同患者间肿瘤随呼吸运动的差异较大，且肺部肿瘤与体表标记物的运动存在明显的异相性，它对于确定肺癌个体化的外放边缘具有指导意义。     

A wet adhesion inspired biomimetic pad with direction dependence and adaptability

A novel adhesive pad for a climbing robot, inspired by a stick insect’s smooth pad, is proposed. The micro structure pattern and inclined fiber of a stick insect’s pad are mimicked, and an adhesion force is produced based on its wet adhesion mechanism. Firstly, the wet adhesion model is discussed and the pad is designed; secondly, the adhesion characteristics, adhesion direction dependence and adaptability are analyzed; finally, the proposed pad is fabricated using a thermoplastic elastomer, which is a hydrophilic and viscoelastic material. Experimental results show that the adhesion performance of the pad is good, and normal adhesion and friction can reach to 0.65 N and 3 N. Furthermore, the adhesion of the pad is direction dependent and self-adaptive.     

广义逆A(2)T,S的体积

研究了广义逆A（T,S）^（2）是的体积,在不必首先计算出广义逆A（T,S）^（2）的前提下,导出了广义逆A（T,S）^（2）的体积表示,推广了文献[3]中的结果．由此分别给出了A的加权Moore-Penrose逆,Drazin逆Ad及群逆Ag的体积表示式．     

应用快速CT扫描对肺癌运动的研究

呼吸运动是制约肺癌放射治疗剂量提升的主要因素之一．为检测每个肺癌患者的肿瘤运动范围和外照射时确定适宜的外放边界，用多序列时相特异性快速CT扫描图像，对肺癌病人的肿瘤运动进行了检测，通过瞬时傅立叶变换技术对肿瘤一系列的动态变化进行研究．结果发现：肿瘤随呼吸运动的个体差异较大，这对于个体化确定肺癌放疗时的照射野边界外放问题具有指导意义。     

CYP1A1基因Ile462Val多态位点在吸烟人群中与肺癌易感性显著相关

利用meta分析的方法探讨吸烟人群中CYP1A1基因多态位点与肺癌易感性的关系.获取1986年至2010年2月pubmed等数据库中有关CYP1A1基因Ile462Val和Msp1位点多态性与肺癌易感性关系的研究结果,统计对应的吸烟者或非吸烟者的研究数据,运用RevMan 4.2软件对各研究原始结果进行统计处理,计算合并OR值及95%可信区间.按照纳入标准,最终入选文献共有29篇病例对照研究,吸烟者中Ile462Val位点与肺癌发生显著相关, 基因型Val/Val+Ile/Val 比 Ile/Ile的合并OR值为1.29（95%CI∶1.03,1.63）,P<0.05,而该位点在非吸烟者中及Msp1位点在两种人群的分析结果均不具统计学意义.上述结果提示,对目前相关研究结果的Meta分析显示,吸烟者中CYP1A1基因Ile462Val位点多态性与肺癌易感性之间存在一定相关性.     

胃癌术前介入治疗的临床和病理观察(附250例报告)

目的：研究和评估胃癌患者术前介入治疗的疗效。方法：对２５０例胃癌患者术前进行介入治疗,采用Ｓｅｌｄｉｎｇｅｒ法经一侧股动脉置管达癌肿部位主要动脉,一次性注入化疗药物,５－Ｆｕ５００ｍｇ／ｍ２,Ｅｐｉａｄｒａｍｙｃｉｎ４００ｍｇ／ｍ２,ＭＭＣ１５ｍｇ／ｍ２。在化疗后７～１０天后行根治性切除术,介入组中随机选择８２例并观察大体标本和癌肿组织病理学改变,对照组４０例术前未进行化疗,直接手术切除,进行病理学对比研究,观察大体标本和取癌肿中心部位组织进行病理学观察,详细记录介入化疗的不良反应。结果：①介入组总有效率为７３．２％,癌组织细胞呈典型凋亡特点,间质的炎性反应和纤维组织增生比对照组明显;②介入组６３％出现中～重度坏死,且５６．７％发生在血管周围,对照组只有３０％存在坏死,且与血管无关;③介入组血管内膜增厚和血管内血栓发生率为９５％和７５％,对照组仅为３５％和５％;④随访１、３、５年存活率为９２．９％、５７．１％和４２．８％。单纯行剖腹探查术者半年存活率为７８．２％,１年存活率３４．８％。结论：术前介入治疗能够提高３年和５年存活率,也能作为姑息治疗的一种手段,并能延长存活时间。     

KIF4A mRNA在肺癌组织中表达水平的研究

收集肺癌组织标本和正常肺组织标本,提取组织中的RNA,通过反转录PCR合成cDNA,进行实时定量PCR测定.结果表明:31例肺癌组织中有29例KIF4A mRNA的表达量高于正常组织,其中26例(83.87%)比正常组织高2倍以上,10例(32.30%)比正常组织高4倍以上;KIF4A mRNA的表达量与肿瘤淋巴结转移(TNM)分期的相关性具有统计学意义(F=0.565,P=0.029).由于肺癌组织中KIF4A mRNA的表达量升高与肿瘤的分期分型相关,因此可以作为判断肺癌分期及预后的新分子标志物,对于评估肺癌的发生与发展也可能具有重要意义.