成都双流机场一次多雷暴天气的雷达回波分析

成都双流机场在2000年7～8月有35天内出现23次雷暴,经过天气形势的分析,发现该次多雷暴天气中局地性热雷暴和系统性雷暴各占一半左右 .通过对这两类雷暴的雷达回波的特征进行比较分析,得出热雷暴和系统性雷暴在回波参数、时空分布、初生源地、移动路径以及演变过程都存在明显的差异.系统性雷暴在雷达回波上表现为形成与移动是有组织的、有系统的多单体的集合,各个单体的生消过程构成了雷暴的生命史,因而系统性雷暴的生命时间大大超过了对流单体的生命时间.在消散单体的下沉冷空气外流和前方低空暖湿气流汇合作用下,新单体得以生成与发展,雷暴的发展与维持主要是通过这种机制.     

夏季影响洪泽湖航运的雷暴大风雷达回波特征分析

应用南京多普勒天气雷达资料和洪泽站地面气象资料,对2005—2009年6-8月洪泽站出现的19次雷暴大风天气过程进行了分析。根据雷达基本反射率特征,雷暴大风的雷达回波形态有以下五种类型：弓状回波、窄带回波、带状回波、“人”字形回波、钩状回波。其中弓状回波出现次数最多,钩状回波产生的大风最强。VIL值≥40kg／m2对雷暴大风有指示作用,VIL值≥65kg／m2时除出现雷暴大风外还有冰雹发生。此外,分析了雷暴大风回波的路径,共有四条,其中西南路和西路为主要路径,各7次,西北路4次,北路最少,只有1次。西南路多局地回波,生成于明光和盱眙西南部,与当地的丘陵地形有关;西北路的泗洪、泗阳与洪泽湖交界的陆地一侧也易产生局地回波。这些特征对洪泽湖雷暴大风临近预报预警有指导价值,对保障航运有现实意义。     

青藏高原东部地区雷暴及其地闪活动特征分析

为进一步了解青藏高原地区雷暴及其地闪特征,对2013～2017夏季(6～8月)青藏高原东部地区典型强雷暴过程的地闪和雷达资料进行了综合分析,重点研究了24次以负极性闪电为主的强雷暴过程,分析表明:所有雷暴最大回波顶高均超过7 km,第一次地闪为正地闪的雷暴其组合反射率和回波顶高明显高于第一次地闪为负地闪的雷暴过程。以地闪极性和频数差异将雷暴分为负地闪雷暴、正地闪雷暴、多地闪雷暴三种类型。负地闪雷暴过程中闪电数量较少且大多发生在雷暴成熟阶段;正地闪雷暴过程中闪电数量在几十次左右,主要发生在成熟阶段后期和消散阶段;多地闪雷暴在初始阶段、成熟阶段和消散阶段都有闪电发生,但主要集中在成熟阶段和消散阶段。三类雷暴强反射率中心移动距离和移动速度也有不同,地闪数量多的雷暴比地闪数量少的雷暴有更长的移动距离,负地闪雷暴较正地闪雷暴有更快的移动速度。     

2010年夏季西乡强对流天气分析

通过对2010年8月1日西乡县出现的短时雷暴及短时暴雨过程分析,表明前期大环流形势是处于两高之间的低槽区,中、低层有低值系统发展,同时具备大气层结不稳定以及能量不稳定条件是强天气发生的充分条件。在新一代多普勒天气雷达回波上,雷暴云经历了一个生成、移动、发展、消散的过程,并在移动、发展、消散过程中地面出现强降水天气,符合中小尺度天气系统的生命史特征。     

2022年4月25日江西暴雨强对流过程分析

利用常规天气图、雨量、大风等气象观测资料、江西WebGIS雷达拼图等平台资料,对2022年4月25日江西中北部大范围的强对流天气过程进行了分析,结果如下：短时强降水、雷暴大风、强雷电、146站次的8级以上大风(极大风速达29.6 m/s)是此次强对流过程主要的天气实况;“上干下湿”、低层辐合线、高空低槽、高层辐散、强盛的低空西南急流、超低空西南急流、地面气旋是此次强对流天气过程的主要影响系统;45～55 dBz带状强回波主要造成短时强降水,强回波带的走向与回波单体的移动方向较为一致,回波强度达55 dBz,并持续,是导致50 mm/h以上的极端强降水的主要回波特征;在环境条件、地理条件优越时,45 dBz以上的带状强回波所经之处,容易导致雷暴大风,而组合STI移动信息对于带状强回波未来1 h的移动趋势有明显指示意义。     

东北较高纬度地区夏季闪电与雷暴相关参数的关系研究

利用VLF/LF闪电定位系统数据,并结合多普勒雷达以及卫星云图资料,对2009~2010年较高纬度东北地区夏季的闪电与雷暴相关参数的关系进行了研究.结果表明:闪电多发生在雷达回波强度大于40dBz的区域,雷暴发生闪电时其30dBz雷达回波最大高度大于6km;在雷暴的演变过程中,闪电的峰值时间略滞后于30dBz雷达回波最大高度的峰值;闪电频数和30dBz雷达回波最大高度存在指数增长关系;闪电主要发生在云顶红外温度在210~240K的区域,在消散阶段,雷暴云云顶高度降低、红外温度较高.     

一次雷暴回波短带产生强天气的特征分析

为了研究雷暴回波短带在强降水和雷暴大风事件中的特征,使用地面气象要素、闪电信息、MICAPS天气图、雷达拼图等资料,对2023年5月17日江西中北部出现的雷暴回波短带进行分析,结果表明：1)雷暴回波短带发生在200 hPa“出流区”、500 hPa槽前西南气流低涡发展、850 hPa低涡切变线西南气流大气环流中,地面低气压和辐合线发展,为午后雷暴回波短带的形成提供了触发机制。2)雷暴回波短带在雷暴发展初期,通常呈现出不是很强的回波和较弱的闪电活动;在低涡回波团后侧地面辐合线附近发展。随着时间的推移,回波强度快速增强发展,闪电开始增多。3)雷暴回波短带特征包括回波强度较强(50～55 dBZ)、回波顶较高(10～12 km左右)、回波带较短(相比冷锋回波带和飑线回波带),影响区域较小,持续时间较短和短带上回波单体强度分布不均匀等。4)强降水的垂直积分液态水含量(VIL)在20～25 kg/m²附近,而一般降水的VIL都在10 kg/m²以下。因此,在雷暴天气监测和预报中需要综合多种资料分析,以更好地预测强降水和雷暴大风事件的发生。     

2012年昭通冰雹过程雷达回波特征综合分析

 利用昭通多普勒雷达资料和区域自动站资料,对2012年昭通雷达探测到的4次冰雹过程进行了综合分析,发现2次冰雹过程属于超级单体风暴,在多普勒雷达回波上都出现了钩状回波和中气旋.另2次冰雹过程属于带状回波冰雹.2次超级单体风暴中气旋均早于钩状回波出现,速度场特征早于强度场特征15～20min,有利于判断风暴的形成和进行风暴的短时预警.超级单体回波强度和对流发展高度都高于带状回波,因而超级单体冰雹灾害强度和面积远大于带状回波冰雹.超级单体风暴移动方向在盛行风向的右侧20°～30°,都是右移超级单体风暴.环境风场特征是决定超级单体风暴移动路径的重要因素,对超级单体风暴冰雹的临近预报有指示作用.低层辐合区和逆风区有利于带状回波的发展和维持.     

2017年抚州市一次飑线天气诊断分析

基于常规天气图、地面自动站和多普勒雷达等资料,对2017年6月5日抚州市一次飑线过程的地面气象要素、环流形势以及天气尺度、不稳定能量、雷达回波演变特征等进行分析。分析表明:此次过程在中高纬度“两槽一脊”的环流形势下,中低层西南急流的形成促成了大气对流不稳定,地面辐合线是强对流天气发生的触发机制。飑线过境时温、压、湿等气象要素发生了剧烈变化。飑线形成之前,低层增温、增湿为强对流天气发生累积的不稳定能量起到促进的作用。快速东移的弓形回波带、在回波所经之地易出现雷暴大风天气;径向速度图上大片负的速度区前沿出现速度模糊,表明地面雷暴大风即将出现,这种速度场特征对抚州雷暴大风预警预报有指示作用。     

多普勒天气雷达数据质量控制方法探讨

多普勒天气雷达是中小尺度灾害性天气的颓型监测工具,其数据质量直接影响定量气象业务应用的精度。从广州多普勒雷达历史数据的反演分析中发现雷达回波存在明显的数据短缺、异常点、晴空回波等数据质量问题,对此提出了数据短缺插补延长方法、异常点回波处理方法和格网点基础回波处理法。应用GIS实现了流域格网化,通过软件开发实现了流溪河流域雷暴过程的监视。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with