铁电陶瓷PMN—PT在室温附近的退极化致冷效应

本推导了有序熵变化量及温度变化量与外加电场大小，操作温度和材料居里常数之间的关系，在室温附近，对铁电陶瓷ＰＭＮ－ＰＴ的致冷效应进行了测量验证，与理论推导的结论定性吻合，在１６ｋＶ／ｃｍ电场下再退极化，可产生２Ｋ的温度变化，本并对此效应作了初步的解释。     

基于热力学理论的电介质性质研究

电介质材料在物理学的研究中具有非常重要的地位.文章由外电场对电介质作功出发分别推导了电介质所满足的热力学基本方程和Maxwell微分关系,并且由此出发导出了在绝热条件下电介质温度随电场强度变化的规律、介电常数的温度系数变化的规律、等温电致伸缩效应和压电效应的表达式.通过分析可以得出结论,对于介电常数的温度系数(TKE)小于零的电介质,在绝热条件下减小外电场时,电介质的温度将降低.因此利用这个效应可以使电介质通过绝热去电获得致冷效应.     

铁电性和偶极子转向对电卡效应的影响

在外加电场作用下铁电体中各个方向的偶极子能级发生变化,其取向概率随之变化,对应于偶极子转向到电场方向.同向排列的偶极子发生耦合产生了铁电性,引起了可逆变化的铁电畴,导致极化强度呈电滞回线.本文用铁电体理论研究了电场作用下偶极子转向和耦合对电卡效应的影响.结果表明:电卡效应表现出温变的放热峰,主要由偶极子转向导致的熵变引起,随电场的增大移向高温,并从铁电相越过居里温度到顺电相.耦合铁电畴效应会产生放热,它随温度的升高而降低.数值模拟的研究结论能够说明相关的实验结果.     

半导体中的强电场效应

本文,从教学的角度出发,避开繁琐的数学推导,对半导体中的各种强电场现象,如热电子、反向 PN 结隧道效应(齐纳击穿)和雪崩击穿以及正向 PN 结的隧道效应(江崎效应)等以能量的观点试作说明。在金属中,由于自由电子的浓度 n 大,电导率σ=ne~2τ/m 也大。在强电场 E 的作用下,流过的电流 J=σ·E 是很大的。由于焦耳热的散失,温度上升到一定程度而趋于稳定值。因此,在金属中能较好地遵从欧姆定律。然而在半导体中,因为 n、σ小,当逐步加大电场时,σ成为电场的函数,也就是出现非线性传导现象,即偏离欧姆定律的强电场效应。     

电场对球状纳米系统高能级分裂和谱线的影响

探讨了电场作用下球状纳米系统电子的能级分裂规律和谱线分布,以CdS／HgS／CdS球状纳米系统为例,讨论了电场对高能级分裂和谱线的影响．结果表明：①电场作用下球状纳米系统发生的斯塔克效应,能级按1,3,…,2n-1进行分裂,与氢原子情况相同．但各能级会发生能级位移;②电场引起的电子能级移动量与电场E的平方成正比;它随线度的变化情况与能级有关,有的能级的能级位移量随线度增大而减小,而有的则相反;③电场不仅使纳米系统的谱线条数增多,而且谱线频率发生改变,频率变化量随样品线度增大而减小,但减小程度与能级有关．     

基于电子温度效应的SiGe、SiGeC异质结晶体管的基区渡越时间模型

提出了SiGe和SiGeC异质结晶体管基区渡越时间的一种闭式物理模型,该模型考虑了电子温度效应.计入薄基区内强电场(该电场源起于Ge,C元素的掺杂)引起的电子温度变化,得到的基区渡越时间值与漂移-扩散模型有所不同.随着Ge含量的增加,两者的差别不能再忽略.     

介电粒子所受DEP力模型及相关参数分析

本文应用经典电磁场理论给出介电粒子在非均匀电场中的受力模型,在均匀电场和感应电场叠加原理的基础上,推导出了介电粒子在非均匀电场中的受力公式,进而推出在随时间呈正弦变化的电场和有损耗的媒介中粒子的受力公式．本文结论对运用介电泳理论实现粒子的定位、捕捉、输送、分类等操作具有重要意义．     

IMS迁移管内电场分布的均匀性对仪器分辨率的影响

分辨率是判断离子迁移谱检测仪（IMS）性能优劣的重要指标．其中，离子门初始电压脉冲宽度和离子的扩散效应是影响IMS分辨率的主要因素．通过分析离子门开门时间和迁移管温度的变化与分辨率之间的关系，研究了迁移管内电场分布的均匀性对分辨率的重要影响，对于所使用的仪器，拟合所得的电场不均匀性参数ε大致等于0．1．根据讨论结果可以认为，在IMS仪器中电场分布的不均匀所造成的仪器分辨率降低不能忽略．     

PMOSFET的动态NBTI效应模型研究

为了能够准确地预测器件的寿命,研究了PMOSFET中的动态负偏压温度不稳定性效应(NBTI)模型.在静态NBTI效应模型及反应-扩散模型(R-D)的基础上,推导出动态NBTI应力下界面陷阱电荷模型,其与占空比成指数关系.考虑到占空比对器件NBTI效应的影响,推导出动态NBTI应力下阈值电压退化模型.通过实验所得到的器件退化数据和仿真数据进行比较分析,证明了阈值电压漂移量随着占空比近似按照指数规律变化,与模型相符合,可以预测器件交流应力的实际寿命.     

盘形涡流制动装置中电磁场涡旋源密度变化分析

研究涡流电磁场的基本定律和作用关系,探究感应盘上的涡流电磁场的基本特征,对静态磁场在旋转导体上产生的涡流以及涡流感应电场对磁场的影响进行分析。从计算衍生电磁场涡旋源密度变化对磁电作用的影响,提出了周期变化的涡流感应电场对励磁线圈电流影响即产生互感效应的推论。推导涡流制动过程中旋转磁场变化特征,并对制动盘上感生电流即涡流分布进行分析。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that